RU2305792C2 - No-head chain hydroelectric station using energy of river flows and tides - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed hydroelectric station includes energy converter consisting of chain of hydraulic turbines. Hydraulic turbine is built on hollow carrying shaft-cylinder with conical fairings on bases inscribed into inner ends of blades-semicylinders whose outer ends are clamped together in several places over length of hydraulic turbine by narrow rings-hoops and form multiblade cylinder with hollow belts with ballast on end faces providing neutral buoyancy of hydraulic turbine. Adjustable ballast in hollow part of carrying shaft-cylinder provides variable buoyancy of hydraulic turbine to submerge hydraulic turbine in water completely at neutral buoyancy or rising to surface. Energy converter is connected with electric generators arranged on the bank through system transmitting rotation and arranged in bank cavities. Rotation transmitting system employs different modes of transmission of rotation and connection and movable power unit with travel motion mechanism by means of which it displaces inside cavity. Movable power unit is connected with energy converter and, moving vertically, can set power converter at required depth.

EFFECT: increased efficiency.

4 dwg

Description

Non-pressure garland hydroelectric power station (BGHES) refers to small hydropower.

Known invention RU No. 2261360 C2, CL. F03B 13/00, 09/27/2005, in which an energy converter (PE), which converts the energy of the water flow into rotational energy, works efficiently on the surface of the water, using energy not only from the flow, but also from the waves. When immersed, its efficiency decreases.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency when working at depth, improving the design of a hydroturbine (GT) base PE.

BGGES consists of three main parts: one or several PE located at a certain depth, power plants with electric generators or hydro generators located on one or both banks of the river, and coastal rotation transmission systems (SPV) connecting the first two parts.

Figure 1 and 2 shows a General view and section of the GT.

PE consists of one or more series connected in a garland of GT.

GT is made in the form of a hollow bearing shaft-cylinder 3 with conical fairings 2 on the bases. Semi-cylinders 5 blades 5 are attached to the shaft-cylinder 3 along its generatrix or at some angle to it so that the bearing shaft-cylinder 3 fits into the inner ends of the half-cylinders 5. The outer ends of the half-cylinders 5 are fastened to each other in several places along the length of the GT with narrow hoop rings 4. Moreover, the rings on the ends of the GT are made in the form of hollow volume belts 1 of a cylindrical, trapezoidal or other cross-sectional shape. They fulfill, on the one hand, a power role, having a tight connection with the ends of the upper parts of the blades-semicylinders 5, and on the other hand, they are containers for accommodating ballast providing neutral buoyancy of the GT. The heavier the design of the GT, the more voluminous the end belts will be, but the diameter of the bearing shaft-cylinder remains unchanged. Therefore, it is possible, without changing the effective length of the blades-semicylinders, to compensate for any weight of the GT and thereby increase the efficiency of the GT. Hollow belts should not cover the end surfaces of the GT completely. It is necessary to ensure free circulation of water inside the GT to prevent clogging and overgrowing of the inter-lobe spaces. Thus, a gas cylinder is a multi-vane cylinder with variable buoyancy, controlled by ballast in the hollow part of the bearing shaft-cylinder so that the gas cylinder can completely immerse in water, having neutral buoyancy, or float out of it.

The use of GT with blades in the form of half-cylinders allows to increase not only the useful area of the blades, but also the number of them simultaneously involved in the work. The blades located in the II and III quadrants (Fig. 2) participate in the work, and the blades in the I and IV quadrants with their convex surfaces will exert minimal braking. The direction of rotation of the GT will not change if the flow acts from the directly opposite side. Consequently, the GT can work effectively not only on unidirectional river flows, but also on the tides. Only in this case, GT should be submerged below the low tide and below the bottom of the wave with strong waves during low tide. Then reliable operation of the GT will be ensured at low tide in any weather. On the rivers, the deep diving of the GT will maintain their performance in winter during the period of freezing and will not impede navigation with free water. To increase the power on the PE shaft, GTs are connected in series into a garland. PE in the form of a garland from gas turbines is installed between abutments on the banks and connected through special transmission systems (SPV) of rotation to electric generators or hydro generators (GG) located in the buildings of power plants (ES), thus forming BGGES.

Figure 3 shows a plan of a non-pressure garland hydroelectric power station.

It is built on the steep steep banks of the river. The banks 7, “dressed” in reinforced concrete coverings, have niches 8 in which moving power blocks (PSB) 9 SPV are located, having kinematic connections with PE 5 and electric generators or hydrogenerators 13 located in buildings of ES 11. PE has several GT 5, the shafts of which are connected by a cross (flexible) connection 6. In addition, there is a connection between them through flexible hoses for supplying compressed air to the hollow containers of the bearing shaft-cylinders 3 (not shown in Fig. 3). PE at its ends is connected to PSB 9 on opposite banks 7. To compensate for the forces during fast currents, cable ties 16 attached to the abutments 7 and tension compensators 20 in FIG. 4, attached to the PSB body, connected to the shafts by PE joints, can be used their rotation. Electric generators or hydrogenerators 13 are installed on ES 11 and 11a. At the input of each GG there are multipliers 14 with the calculated transmission coefficient of rotation. If several PEs operate on one powerful GG: A, B and C, then an adder (differential with inverse function) 12 and overrunning clutches 26 are used. If the GGs have different rotation speeds with their pathogens, it is possible to connect them separately to the corresponding PE . In Fig. 3, two homogeneous GGs having different rotational speeds with their pathogens are connected by their working shafts to separate PEs: E and G, and their pathogens (low-power) are connected to one common PE - F. For their own needs, ESs can have their PEs and GG (D figure 3) on both sides of the river, providing energy to all parts of BGGES and workshops 15.

Environmentally friendly PE at the same time require the same attitude. Therefore, it is advisable to build a BGGES upstream of settlements, protecting them with nets 17.

The rotation transmission system (SPV) should carry out its functions at any PE positions. Figure 4 shows the scheme of PSPV. It consists of a bunch of telescopic shafts 10, at the ends of which there are nodes of gear systems with intersecting axes 18. Moreover, the upper node 18 is rigidly connected to the GG through the multiplier 14 (possibly also the overrunning clutch 26 of Fig. 3), and the lower node 18 located in the movable power unit 9, is connected on the one hand to the PE through a controlled clutch 21, and on the other hand to the movement mechanism 22.

The mobile power unit (PSB) 9 serves to establish the PE to the depth necessary for operation or navigation needs, to raise it to the surface for prevention, repair or replacement, as well as to compensate for all power loads created by the river flow on the PE. PSB 9 is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, mounted vertically, with rollers 19, allowing it to move along the guides inside the niche 8. The length of the PSB should be such that, when fully immersed to the required depth, its upper edge rises above the surface of the water. PSB is watertight. At the bottom of it is attached a gear system assembly 18, the input shaft of which is connected to the PE 5 shaft through connection 6 and a controlled clutch 21 located inside the PSB case. At the output, the PSB is connected to the lower shaft 10 of the telescopic bundle of SPV shafts, and on the other, to the movement mechanism 22, the device of which is shown in View A of Fig. 4.

The movement mechanism (MP) is necessary for the movement of the PSB along the guides inside the niche 8. It consists of three controlled clutches 21, 21a and 21b, two gears 24, a worm pair 25 and two external gears 23 on the sides of the PSB, included meshing with gear racks (not shown) fixed inside the niche 8. The MP is activated by connecting the coupling 21 and one of the mutually exclusive couplings 21a or 21b. Then the rotation from the PE is transmitted to the worm pair 25 and to the gears 23 mounted on the axis of the worm wheel. Depending on which of the couplings 21a or 21b will be connected, the worm pair will rotate clockwise or counterclockwise and the PSB will move down or up along the recess 8. With the help of the MP, the PSB together with the PS can go down for a short time, passing a large vessel over PE without stopping the operating mode of PE. Also, PSB together with PE can be raised to the surface for the mooring of PE with PSB. Of course, in all such operations, the synchronization of PSB movements at both ends of the PE should be observed.

Hydroturbines in PE under the action of the flow may be at some angle to the front of the flow. To increase their efficiency, GT can be used with blades-semicylinders placed at a certain angle to the generatrix of the bearing shaft-cylinder. This is shown in PE G.

Tidal power plants with PE of this design differ from river ones only onshore abutments. They can be natural: fjords, bays and other depressions and overhangs of land, and artificial in the form of embankments, piers, trestles and other structures. The efficiency of PE will be higher if, using PSB, the water level is monitored while holding PE at the surface or in another section with the highest flow rate.

The principle of operation of the HHPP is as follows. The water flow acting on the open blades half-cylinders GT makes them rotate. The rotation is transmitted through the clutch 21, the lower node of the transmission system 18 to the PSB, a bunch of telescopic shafts SPV 10 and the upper node of the gear system 18 to the multiplier 14 and the hydrogenerator 13 in the ES 11.

BGGES of this design will find the widest application on large rivers of the Far East, Siberia, the European part and in the tidal zones of our country. BGGES environmentally friendly and cheap in construction can provide uninterrupted power supply to cities and coastal villages, large and small industrial enterprises located in remote places, without long power lines.

Claims (1)

A non-pressure garland hydroelectric power station for using the energy of river and tide flows, containing an energy converter that directly converts the energy of the translational motion of the water flow into kinetic energy of rotation and consisting of one or more hydraulic turbines connected in series into a garland, each of which is made in the form of a hollow bearing shaft-cylinder with conical fairings on the bases, to which the blades-semicylinders are attached along the generatrix of the cylinder or at an angle to it in such a way then the bearing shaft-cylinder fits into the inner ends of the blades-semicylinders, and their outer ends, tightened together in several places by narrow hoop rings, form a multi-vane cylinder, characterized in that hollow ballast containers in the form of cylindrical rings are placed on the ends of the cylinder in the form of hollow volume belts of cylindrical shape, rigidly connected with the ends of the upper parts of the blades-semicylinders, but not completely covering the ends of the turbine, in which the ballast is placed to ensure a neutral the volatility of the turbine and which, together with the capacity in the hollow part of the bearing shaft-cylinder and a ballast placed inside it, adjustable externally, allow the hydroturbine to float to the surface of the water or immerse completely in water without disturbing its rotation and communication with neighboring hydroturbines in the garland of the energy converter and communication of the energy converter itself with a movable power unit located in a niche on the shore, with the help of which the energy converter is installed at the required depth and transmission is carried out rotation through transmission systems and connection mechanisms from the energy converter to the generators located on the shore, as well as to the movement mechanism located in the movable power unit and carrying out its movement down and up the niche.

Images