RU2305204C2 - Method of control of wind power-generating plant (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of control of wind power-generating plants with horizontal axis of rotation of windwheel self-orientating to wind. According to proposed method of control of wind power-generating plant including synchronous turning of windwheel blades relative to plane of windwheel rotation within the range of angles from designed minimum angle φ₀ to wind vane angler φ_wv and holding of blades of windwheel at setting angle φ at which rotation of windwheel is stabilized within the range of nominal angular velocity of working duty ω_min ≤ ω_nom ≤ ω_max and also switching ON/OFF of load of wind power-generating plant and/or brake of wind wheel, at speeding up of windwheel by wind stream, orientation of blades of windwheel is carried out with preliminarily set angular velocity of blade turning relative to their longitudinal axes γ from angle φ_wv > φ to angle φ_wv < φ and time t_s of speeding up of windwheel to preset

angular velocity ω₀ ≤ ω_nom is recorded or angular velocity of speeding up of windwheel ω_s≤ ω_nom within set time t₀ is recorded and then values of t_s or ω_s are compared with preliminarily set threshold value t_s ^thr or ω_s ^thr at t_s ^thr or ω_s ^thr, rotation of windwheel is raised to angular velocity ω_max, and is connected with change of windwheel into range of nominal stabilized angular velocity ω_nom of working duty and at t_s<t_s ^thr or ω_s>ω_s ^thr, windwheel is stopped by changing blades to angle φ_wv and switch on load and/or brake, and simultaneously timer is switched to preliminarily set delay time t_d and at end of t_d, brake and load are switched off and windwheel is set to speeding up duty. When windwheel reaches angular velocity ω<ω_min at working duty, windwheel blades are turned with preliminarily set angular velocity of turning γ from angle φ to φ₀ until windwheel reaches ω_nom at preservation of condition ω<ω_min and then load is switched off, and blades of windwheel are set at angle 10^°<φ<50^°. When windwheel reaches angular velocity of ω≥ω_max at working duty, blades of windwheel are turned with preliminary set angular velocity of turning γ from angle φ to φ_wv until windwheel reaches ω_nom at preservation of condition ω>ω_max then brake of windwheel is applied and timer is switched on to provide preliminary set delay time t_d, at end of said period t_d brake and load are switched odd and windwheel is to speeding up duty.

EFFECT: provision of self-contained unattended operation of wind power-generating plant.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to wind power (including wind power) installations (wind turbines) with a horizontal axis of rotation of the wind wheel (VK) self-orienting in the wind, and more specifically, to methods for controlling such wind turbines.

Known methods of controlling a wind turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation of the VK. For example, in the so-called “Low-speed” wind turbines have gained control methods (regulation) by removing the wind wheel from under the wind pressure created by the air flow on additional surfaces - side plans; or pressure on the VK, the axis of rotation of which is offset (eccentrically located) relative to the vertical axis of its rotation in the wind. The wind wheel returns to its initial position, for example, by the force of a spring. Forced stop VK is, for example, through a system of cables with a winch. In most so-called “High-speed” VK control is carried out by rotating the blade or its end part relative to the longitudinal axis, for example, due to the combined action of the air flow pressure on it and the moment of its centrifugal forces (including the balancing load of the blade), under the action of the centrifugal regulator, etc. .P. - see, for example, “The Great Soviet Encyclopedia”, M., Publishing House “Soviet Encyclopedia”, 1971, v. 4, pages 590-594.

Known wind turbine "Growian-1" (Germany) with a horizontal self-orienting axis of rotation of the VK, the closest analogue (prototype), the control system (SU) of which provides synchronous orientation (rotation) of the blades of the wind wheel relative to the plane of rotation in the range of angles from the structurally minimum (φ _o ) to vane (φ _f ) - in the mode of promotion, working (power generating) or shutdown of VC; The control system also ensures that the VK blades are brought out to an installation (close to optimal) angle (φ) at which the VK rotation is stabilized in the range of the nominal angular speed of the operating mode (18.5 rpm ± 15% for the Growian-1 wind turbine), except In addition, the SU carries on / off the load of wind turbines and / or VK brakes - see, for example, Yu.M. Golodnov, AV Pikovsky “Generators for wind, small hydraulic and tidal power plants”, M., VINITI, 1992 pg. 51-55.

However, the wind turbine control method is the closest analogue implemented by the Growian-1 wind turbine control system, optimized for parallel operation with the power grid. When the wind turbine is operating in stand-alone mode, when strict coordination of the current / voltage / phase parameters with parallel network parameters is not required, but high reliability is required for automatic (uninhabited) operation of the wind turbine, the structure of the control system and the hardware-software implementation of the wind turbine control method implemented on the closest analogue is, on the one hand, unreasonably oversized and cumbersome (by the criterion of "cost-effectiveness"), on the other hand, insufficient for a fully autonomous automatic operation (including multiple storm weathering with subsequent automatic restart and exit to the regular power generating mode; automatic self-diagnostics, including with the possibility of reconfiguration of the key wind turbine units; application of optimal filtering of accelerating VC parameters taking into account wind gusts, etc. .).

The aim of the invention is the creation of a method of controlling a wind turbine, providing its autonomous automatic (unmanned) operation when using wind turbines directly as a wind speed sensor.

или

, при t_p≥

или ω_р≤

доводят вращение ВК до угловой скорости ω_max и включают нагрузку - с переходом ВК в диапазон номинальной стабилизируемой угловой скорости ω_ном рабочего режима, а при t_р<

или ω_p>

останавливают ВК посредством перевода лопастей на угол φ_ф и включения нагрузки и/или тормоза, при этом одновременно включают таймер на предварительно установленное время задержки t_з, а по окончании t_з выключают тормоз, нагрузку и вновь переводят ВК в режим раскрутки.This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of controlling a wind power installation with a horizontal axis of rotation of the wind wheel self-orienting along the wind, including synchronous orientation (rotation) of the VK blades relative to the plane of its rotation in the range of angles from the structurally minimum φ _о to the vane φ _f (in the spin mode, working or stopping the VK), as well as holding the VK blades at the installation angle φ, at which the rotation of the VK is stabilized in the range of the nominal angular speed of the operating mode φ _min ≤ω _nom ≤ω _max , as well as turning on / off the load of wind turbines and / or VK brakes, - when spinning VK from the wind flow, VK blades are oriented (with a pre-set constant or variable angular speed of rotation of the blades relative to their longitudinal axes γ) from the angle φ _ф > φ to the angle φ _o <φ, in this case, fix the time t _{p of} VC acceleration to a given control angular velocity ω _o ≤ω _nom or for a given control time t ₀ fix the angular acceleration speed of VC ω _p ≤ω _nom , then compare the value of t _p or ω _p with their pre-installed by horny meaning

or

, for t _p ≥

or ω _p ≤

bring the VK rotation to the angular velocity ω _max and turn on the load - with the transition of the VK to the range of the nominal stabilized angular velocity ω _{nom of the} operating mode, and at t _p <

or ω _p >

they stop the VK by transferring the blades to the angle φ _f and turning on the load and / or brake, while simultaneously turning on the timer for a pre-set delay time t _s , and at the end of t _s turn off the brake, load and put the VK back into spin mode.

When the operating mode decreases ω _nom below ω _min (when the wind wheel reaches an angular velocity ω <ω _min ), the VK blades turn with a pre-set constant or variable angular speed of this turn γ from angle φ to φ _o until the wind wheel reaches ω _nom , and while maintaining the condition ω <ω _{min, the} load is further turned off, and the VK blades are fixed at an angle of 10 ° ≤φ≤50 °.

With an increase in the operating mode ω _prefecture more ω _max (reaching wind wheel angular speed ω> ω _max) is carried reversal vanes VC - with a preset angular speed of rotation γ - the angle φ to φ _f until the EC ω _prefecture, while preserving conditions ω> ω _max then turn on the VK brake, as well as a timer for a pre-set delay time t _s , while at the end of t _{s the} brake and load are turned off and the VK is again put into the spin mode.

In addition, they additionally introduce a brake lock, which in the event of a malfunction prohibits the promotion of VK at the end of t _s .

In addition, additional light and / or radio beacons (indicator devices) are introduced, signaling a load failure, and / or brake, and / or synchronous orientation of the blades (blades turning device), and / or turning on / off the spin mode, or working, or stop (braking) VK wind turbine.

The drawing shows a structural diagram of a wind turbine, SU which implements the proposed control method. Designations accepted:

1 - VK blade,

2 - device synchronous rotation of the blades in the range of angles from φ _f to φ _about

3 - power transmission of torque from VK to the load,

4 - safety / compensating coupling,

5 - load

6 - brake

7 - control device

8 - timer

9 - speed sensor VK,

10 - line command-information communication,

11 - signaling device (beacon),

12 is a power source.

The operation of wind turbines for this control method is as follows. When the wind turbine is initially set to normal operation (or an autonomous automatic restart of the wind turbine according to the timer), the blades of pos. 1 VK are installed in the vane position (at the angle φ _f ) by means of the synchronous reversal device pos. 2 by the command of the control device pos. 7. After that, turn off the load pos.5 and / or the brake pos.6 - if they were turned on - and carry out with a pre-installed (a priori) constant or variable angular velocity γ simultaneous translation (rotation) of the blades pos 1 VK from the vane position φ _f to the position of the structurally minimal (“antifluger”) angle φ _о . This mode provides for the use of a wind turbine of a wind turbine as a wind speed sensor (with “ideal” filtering of wind gusts for each specific VC).

At the same time, in the process of spinning the wind wheel from the wind flow, the following is recorded:

or the time t _{p of} accelerating the VC to a predetermined a priori control angular velocity ω _о ≤ω _nom ,

or the angular acceleration speed of the VK ω _p ≤ω _nom for a given control time t ₀ .

или

(осуществляется управляющим устройством поз.7). При t_p≥

или ω_р≤

(что соответствует нештормовой скорости ветра) доводят вращение ВК - посредством дальнейшего разворота лопастей поз.1 с предварительно установленной постоянной или переменной угловой скоростью этого разворота γ - до угловой скорости ω_max (задается априори) и включают нагрузку поз.5. При этом - за счет перераспределения кинетического момента ВК на нагрузку поз.5 - угловая скорость вращения ветроколеса уменьшается до значения ω_min≤ω_ном≤ω_max (контроль - по датчику оборотов поз.9 ВК). Управляющее устройство поз.7 поддерживает данный рабочий режим. При этом при уменьшении скорости ветрового потока и достижении ветроколесом угловой скорости ω<ω_min производится разворот лопастей поз.1 ВК (с заданной угловой скоростью γ) от текущего значения установочного угла φ доφ_o (в пределе) - до достижения ветроколесом номинальной угловой скорости ω_ном. При этом, если сохраняется ω<ω_min, нагрузку поз.5 далее выключают, а лопасти ВК фиксируют на угле 10°≤φ≤50° (угол наивыгоднейшей раскрутки ненагруженного ВК из штилевого состояния).Monitoring t _p - timer pos. 8, ω _p - speed sensor pos. 9. Next, the value of t _p or ω _{p is} compared with their pre-set threshold value

or

(carried out by the control device pos.7). For t _p ≥

or ω _p ≤

(which corresponds to a non-storm wind speed), bring the VK rotation - by further turning the blades pos.1 with a pre-set constant or variable angular velocity of this rotation γ - to the angular velocity ω _max (a priori) and turn on the load pos.5. In this case, due to the redistribution of the kinetic moment of the VC to the load pos.5 - the angular speed of rotation of the wind wheel decreases to the value ω _min ≤ω _nom ≤ω _max (control - according to the speed sensor pos.9 VK). The control device pos.7 supports this operating mode. In this case, when the wind flow velocity decreases and the angular speed reaches the angular velocity ω <ω _min , the blades of pos. 1 VK rotate (with the given angular velocity γ) from the current value of the installation angle φ to φ _o (in the limit) until the wind wheel reaches the nominal angular velocity ω _nom . In this case, if ω <ω _{min is} maintained, the load pos.5 is then turned off, and the VK blades are fixed at an angle of 10 ° ≤φ≤50 ° (the angle of the most favorable spin-up of an unloaded VK from a calm state).

Accordingly, with an increase in the wind flow velocity and reaching the angular velocity ω> ω _max in the operating mode of the wind wheel, the blades pos.1 VK are turned (with a given angular velocity of their rotation γ) from the current value of the installation angle φ to φ _ф (in the limit) - until the wind wheel reaches the nominal angular velocity ω _nom . Moreover, while maintaining the condition ω> ω _max (for example, at the angles φ≈φ _f -Δ, where Δ = 3-25 °) - turn on the brake pos.6 VK and at the same time the timer pos.8 (for a pre-set delay time t _s ) . At the end of t _s - turn off the brake pos.6, load pos.5 and again put the VK in the spin mode (i.e., they carry out autonomous automatic restart of the wind turbine).

As additional stages of protection for wind turbines, the SU during operation according to the specified method can enter the brake lock pos.6, which in the event of its malfunction prohibits the promotion of VK, including at the end of t _s .

In addition, light and / or radio beacons (indicator devices) pos. 11, signaling, for example, about load failure pos. 5, and / or brakes pos. 6, and / or blades reversal devices pos. 2 (which leads to the impossibility of synchronous orientation of the blades pos.1), and / or to enable (or turn off) the promotion mode, or working, or braking (stop) VK.

Within the framework of the wind turbine structural diagram shown in the drawing, it is assumed that the VC and the target load, item 5 (including gearboxes, multipliers, drives, etc.) are traditional for installations of this type (with the horizontal axis of rotation of the VK rotating self-orientating in the wind) item) through a power transmission pos. 3 (with safety / compensating couplings pos. 4), as well as a control device pos. 7 with terminal devices pos. 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 through command-information communication lines pos. .10; in this case, the power supply to all consumers is provided from a specialized source of pos.12, for example, an electric generator (inertial flywheels, electric batteries, photoelectric converters - solar panels, etc. can also be used as duplicate power supplies of pos.12).

The proposed technical solution - a method of controlling a wind power installation - when it is implemented on a wind turbine with a horizontal axis of rotation of the VC self-orienting in the wind (which, according to various estimates, make up from 85 to 91% of the modern wind turbine fleet) will allow for its autonomous automatic (unmanned) operation, which relevant for regions with low population density and / or low qualifications of attracted attendants. At the same time, the use of a wind turbine of a wind turbine as a wind speed sensor (which provides an almost “ideal” filtering of wind gusts for a particular VK) allows us to switch to a software and hardware implementation of a wind turbine, which is more preferable by the criterion of “cost - efficiency”.

Claims (10)

1. A method of controlling a wind energy installation (WEC) with a horizontal axis of rotation of the wind wheel (VK) self-orienting along the wind, including synchronous orientation of the blades of the wind wheel relative to the plane of its rotation in the range of angles from the structurally minimum φ _о to the weather vane φ _f in the mode of spinning, working or stopping VK , retention blades VC on the installation angle φ, at which stabilize the rotation of the VC in the range of the nominal operating mode the angular velocity ω _min ≤ω _prefecture ≤ω _max, on / off load the wind turbine and / whether the brake VC, characterized in that during spinup VC from the incoming wind flow turning vanes VC produces a preset constant or variable angular velocity γ the angle φ _f> φ to an angle φ _about <φ, wherein the fixed time t _p disperse EC to set control angular velocity ω _o ≤ω _nom , then compare the value of t _p with its pre-set threshold value

, for t _p ≥

the rotation of the VK is brought to the angular velocity ω _max and the load is switched on, with the transition of the VK to the range of the nominal stabilized angular velocity ω _{nom of the} operating mode, and at t _p <

they stop the VK by transferring the blades to the angle φ _f and turning on the load and / or brake, while simultaneously turning on the timer for a pre-set delay time t _s , and at the end of t _s turn off the brake, load and put the VK back into spin mode. 2. The control method of wind turbines according to claim 1, characterized in that when the VC is reached in the operating mode, the angular velocity ω <ω _min , the VC blades are turned with a pre-set angular velocity γ from the angle φ to φ _о until the VC ω _nom reaches, but when preserving ω <ω _min, then the load is turned off, and the VK blades are fixed at an angle of 10 ° ≤φ≤50 °. 3. The control method of a wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that when the VC is reached in the operating mode, the angular velocity ω> ω _{max is} carried out by turning the VC blades with a pre-set angular velocity γ from the angle φ to φ _f until the VC ω _nom reaches, keeping ω> ω _max , then turn on the VK brake, as well as a timer for a pre-set delay time t _s , while at the end of t _{s the} brake, load are turned off and the VC is again put into the spin mode. 4. The wind turbine control method according to claim 1, characterized in that the additionally introduced lock brakes, which in case of malfunction prohibits promotion VC at the end _of t. 5. The method of controlling a wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that light and / or beacons are additionally introduced, signaling a load failure and / or brake, and / or synchronous orientation of the blades, and / or turning on / off the spin mode, or working , or stop VK. 6. A method of controlling a wind power installation (WEC) with a horizontal axis of rotation of the wind wheel (VK) self-orienting along the wind, including synchronous orientation of the blades of the wind wheel relative to the plane of its rotation in the range of angles from the structurally minimum φ _о to the weather vane φ _f in the mode of spinning, working or stopping VK , retention blades VC on the installation angle φ, at which stabilize the rotation of the VC in the range of the nominal operating mode the angular velocity ω _min ≤ω _prefecture ≤ω _max, on / off load the wind turbine and / whether the brake VC, characterized in that during spinup VC from the incoming wind flow turning vanes VC produces a preset constant or variable angular velocity γ the angle φ _f> φ to an angle φ _about <φ, wherein for the predetermined control time t _o is fixed VK angular acceleration speed ω _p ≤ω _nom , then compare the value of ω _p with a pre-set threshold value

, for ω _p ≤

the rotation of the VK is brought to the angular velocity ω _max and the load is switched on, with the transition of the VK to the range of the nominal stabilized angular velocity ω _{nom of the} operating mode, and when ω _p >

stop the VC by transferring the blades to an angle φ _f and including loads and / or brakes, at the same time turn on the timer for a pre-set delay time t _s , and at the end of t _s turn off the brake, load and put the VC back into the spin mode. 7. The method of controlling a wind turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that when the VC is reached in the operating mode, the angular velocity ω <ω _min , the VC blades are rotated with a pre-set angular velocity γ from the angle φ to φ _о until the VC ω _nom reaches, but when maintaining ω <ω _min , then turn off the load, and the VK blades are fixed at an angle of 10 ° ≤φ≤50 °. 8. The control method of a wind turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that when the VC is reached in the operating mode, the angular velocity ω> ω _max , the VC blades are rotated with the angular velocity γ pre-set from the angle φ to φ _f until the VC ω _nom reaches, keeping ω> ω _max , then turn on the VK brake, as well as a timer for a pre-set delay time t _s , while at the end of t _{s the} brake, load are turned off and the VC is again put into the spin mode. 9. A method of controlling a wind turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that the additionally introduced lock brakes, which in case of malfunction prohibits promotion VC at the end _of t. 10. The control method of wind turbines according to claim 6, characterized in that they additionally introduce light and / or radio beacons signaling a load failure and / or brake and / or synchronous orientation of the blades, and / or turning on / off the spin mode, or working , or stop VK.