RU2304547C2 - Device for arrangement of cargoes in aircraft and landing them - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for arrangement of cargoes in aircraft and landing them.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device is provided with unit for increase of volume of pallet accumulator reservoir, unit for locking the pallets before landing position in form of elastic rod located along aircraft longitudinal axis. Joint of one end of this rod is located in front section of cargo compartment and joint of other end is located behind bend of rod in front of landing position in rear section of cargo compartment. Rod is provided with freely moving rings used for connecting it with pallets.

EFFECT: ease of locking the pallets.

5 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the equipment of aircraft, and in particular to means of placing cargo on an aircraft (LA) and their landing from the aircraft.

Most effectively, the invention can be used for parachute-free landing of bulk cargo at low altitudes from transport aircraft, for example, of the IL-76 type.

There are various devices and devices for landing cargo from aircraft.

Known lifting device in the form of longitudinal beams on the ceiling of the cargo compartment of an aircraft, used to move cargo packages from storage bins to the landing position located above the cargo ramp. (US patent No. 3371891, according to CL B64D 1/08, 1968)

The device provides sequential separation of goods connected by cables, without the need for launching chutes and traditional roller tracks.

A device for placing on the aircraft and landing piece goods (mines or shells), including means for pushing goods out of pallets, where these goods are stored in trays, means for separating goods from trays during landing and means for connecting pallets to each other and to the aircraft (US patent No. 4161301 according to B64D 1/08, 1979)

A device for storing and landing cargo from an aircraft or other vehicle is known, in which the goods are laid on a modular structure assembled from pallets (pallets) having detachable devices for communicating with the vehicle. (WO No. 8805398, according to CL B64D 1/08, 1988)

In the known invention, the loads are fixed (with ties) in trays on pallets, with the possibility of moving goods under gravity, after releasing the trays from the links with the pallets, to the landing position, where these loads, in turn, are separated by devices from the connection with the trays and dumped , for example, from an airplane.

The above devices are most suitable for landing individual and large enough cargoes, but they can not be used in the case of bulk and small cargo in a bag and similar containers.

Known packaging for use in means of strapdown landing of small and bulk cargoes, such as food, medicine, building materials, etc. (RU patent No. 2014248 according to CL B64D 1/08 1994)

The known design for saving cargo (package) upon landing consists of an outer packaging shell in the form of a truncated pyramid, cushioning, cargo shells and calibration ties (tearing cords, braids).

A disadvantage of the known design is its complexity and high cost (it is advisable to use it for small batches of landing cargo).

It should also be noted that a number of known devices for parachute-free landing allows for the irretrievable loss of pallets and similar means, which, when performing a large number of flights, significantly reduces the efficiency of this method of landing.

The closest technical solution to the proposed solution is a device for placing cargo on an aircraft and landing from it, containing pallets for storing goods that are placed on roller tracks and installed in the side guides of the cargo compartment with the ability to move under the action of the horizontal component of gravity and / or inertial force along the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, means of securing the fixation of cargo on pallets, devices for fixing under donors from longitudinal movement, giving, when they are opened, the ability to move pallets with cargoes to the landing position, as well as a means for securing pallets before the landing position and a capacity for accumulating pallets after landing the cargo (patent RU No. 2093424 according to class B64D 1 / 08, 1997)

Airborne cargo in a known design is due to the forces arising from the cabling of aircraft (with an angle of 10 ° -12 °).

In this known device, each means for securing the stacking of goods on pallets is made in the form of a grid formed by annular and radial flexible rods, one end of each radial rod connected to an annular flexible rod, and the other end made in the form of a loop connected by a pin to another loop fixed to the pallet, with a guide mounted above the pallets, connected with a flexible halyard to all the studs to ensure that they are removed from the hinges before the landing position.

The known device allows the reuse of pallets and nets for securing cargo, which reduces the cost of airborne cargo.

However, the disadvantages of this device for the placement and landing of goods are:

- the complexity of the design of the means of securing the stacking of goods on pallets;

- the possibility, after disconnecting the cargo securing net on the pallet at the time of landing, of the dropping of individual bags of cargo from stacking in front of the pallet drives, which may prevent the dropping of cargo from subsequent pallets;

- the difficulty of securing pallets in front of the landing position (the presence of four flexible flexible rods on each side), which must be reconnected from the empty pallets after dropping the cargo onto the pallets from which the cargo should be dropped in the next aircraft approach. This operation complicates the actions of the crew in flight, requires special attention and considerable time, which generally increases flight time and, accordingly, the cost of cargo delivery;

- limited storage capacity, as it is designed for 4 pallets on each side, which reduces the maximum amount of cargo dropped during one LA entry and does not allow to reduce the required number of landing calls and the total flight time.

The problems solved by the invention are the creation of a device in which it would be possible to simplify the design of means for securing pallets in front of the landing position and means for placing cargo on the aircraft and to drop them from the aircraft, increasing the reliability and ease of use of these funds, which would result in an increase in economic the effectiveness of parachute cargo landing.

The technical result in the present invention is achieved by creating a device for placing goods on the aircraft and landing from it, containing pallets for stacking goods, which are placed on roller tracks and installed in the side guides of the cargo compartment with the ability to move under the action of the horizontal component of gravity and / or inertial force along the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, means of securing the fixation of cargo stacking on pallets, devices for fixing the pallet in from longitudinal movement, giving, when they are opened, the ability to move pallets with cargoes to the landing position, as well as means for securing pallets before the landing position and a capacity for accumulating pallets after landing the cargo, which according to the invention is equipped with means for increasing the volume of the storage capacity, wherein the means for fixing the pallets in front of the landing position is made in the form of a single flexible flexible rod located along the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, both ends of which th are connected to the aircraft, while the connection point of one end of this thrust is located in front of the cargo compartment, and the other after bending the thrust in front of the landing position, in the rear of the cargo compartment, and freely moving rings are placed on this thrust for connection with pallets.

The invention is characterized in that the means of increasing the capacity of the drive is made in the form of inclined supports mounted on a ramp and placed under the roller tracks.

The invention is characterized in that the number of moving rings is equal to the number of pallets placed along the longitudinal axis of the aircraft.

An indication of the "inertial force" for moving cargo to the landing position provides for the possibility of aircraft performing the appropriate maneuvers (in particular, with acceleration due to afterburning of engines during cabling) during cargo dumping.

The proposed tool for securing pallets in front of the landing position, instead of four flexible rods according to the prototype, allows you to attach all the pallets to one brake rod even at the stage of their placement in the aircraft before placing cargo on them.

The invention is characterized in that each of these means for securing the stacking of goods on pallets contains at least a pair of longitudinal ties that encircle the stack in vertical planes, connected to each other on top of the stack and separated from each other from the bottom of the stack, while the ties are made in in the form of two closed flexible connections placed in planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft.

In order to prevent lateral displacement and spreading of the stacks, protruding elements are made on the pallets in their lower part.

In the above set of features, the term “stacking” means a package, stack, stack, stack, etc. - depending on the type of goods placed on the pallet.

According to the invention, the means for securing cargo stackings on pallets — in the form of two or more couplers (bands or rods) encircling the stack — are not connected to pallets and other aircraft structural elements (at least at the time of landing) and are disconnected from each other from the bottom of the stack .

Such a simplified, compared with the prototype grid, design of these tools is possible because the friction force of the cargo stacking on the surface of the pallet is approximately twice the force acting on the cargo when the aircraft is cabling (10-12 °) during the landing of the cargo, which ensures a stable laying position on the pallet in the longitudinal direction until the pallet brakes before the landing position. The stable position of the laying in the transverse direction is promoted by protruding elements (longitudinal stiffeners) of the pallets.

To prevent displacement of the cargo stacking relative to the pallet in other phases of the flight, regular aircraft chains are additionally used to fix the cargo in the compartment, which is removed immediately before the landing of the cargo group.

The proposed means for fixing the stacks also ensure their reliable, after dumping, separation into separate cargo units (preferably bags with cargo), which guarantees their safety during landing.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the following detailed description of an example of its implementation and drawings, where

figure 1 - cargo pallet of the proposed device (top view);

figure 2 is the same (bottom view);

figure 3 - a device for securing goods on a pallet (front view);

figure 4 is the same (top view);

5 is a tool for fixing pallets at the landing position;

6 is a diagram of the aircraft loading pallets with cargo;

7 is a view aa in figure 6;

Fig - outdoor equipment of the cargo compartment of the aircraft (plan view);

Fig.9 - outdoor equipment of the cargo ramp with pallets in the drive (plan view);

figure 10 - view BB in Fig;

11 is an example of a device for fixing pallets from longitudinal movement;

Fig.12 is a view of CC in Fig.11.

A device for placing and landing loads contains pallets 1 (Figs. 1-5) for storing goods 2. Each pallet 1 is preferably made of plywood 18 mm thick and has protruding elements on its upper side, for example, three longitudinal stiffeners 3 made from plywood of the same thickness. Two holes 4 are made on one transverse side of the pallet 1, in which the ends of the flexible rod 5 are fixed, having a carbine 6 on the other end. Two metal strips 7 are fixed on the lower side of the pallet 1.

The device includes (Fig. 4) means 8 for securing the fixation of cargo stackings on pallets. Each such tool 8 contains at least a couple of ties 9 (closed flexible connections: rods, tapes, cables, etc.), encircling the laying in vertical or close to them planes (at the time of loading the aircraft) and connected to each other over laying, for example, with one transverse flexible connection 10. The ties are preferably placed in planes parallel or close to parallel to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft.

The device includes devices for fixing pallets from longitudinal movement, which, when they are opened, make it possible to move pallets with goods to the landing position. 7-10 shows the corresponding floor equipment designed to accommodate pallets 1 with cargo 2 in the cargo compartment of the aircraft and ensure their directional movement along the compartment during loading and landing. The equipment is easily removable and contains (Fig. 8) central 11 and lateral 12 guide rails, on which roller tracks 14 are mounted with rolling pin 13 for rolling pallets on them.

The upper shelves and vertical walls of both parallel rails 11 and 12 serve as guides for pallets 1 when they move along the cargo compartment during loading and landing of goods, and in flight hold pallets with cargo from lateral and vertical movements.

In the front in the direction of flight part of the guide rails 11, 12 are fixed two stops 15 to limit the movement of the first loading pallets 1 towards the cockpit. At the ends of the guide rails at the beginning of the cargo compartment and on the ramp there are catchers 16 (Figs. 8-9) that ensure reliable entry of pallets 1 into the guide rails 11 and 12 when the pallets move from the cargo compartment to the ramp and back.

The device includes detachable devices 17 located on the side guide rails 12, designed to fix pallets from longitudinal movement in the guide rails 11, 12. As devices 17, locks for securing pallets can be used, an example of which is given in FIG. 11. Locks can be opened using files 16.

The device also includes means for fixing the pallets 1 in front of the landing position, ensuring the entry of pallets 1 into the drives 18 (5, 9) located behind the roller tracks 14 on the edge of the ramp.

This tool (Fig.8-9) is made in the form of an elastic flexible rod 19, one end of which is connected to the mooring unit 20 on the floor of the plane, and the other end of the rod 19, stretched to the drive 18 and after bending back, is connected to the mooring unit 21. The place of inflection of the flexible rod 19 is located in front of the drive 18 at a distance that provides braking of the pallet 1 in the drive 18 and, after its release, pressing against the end of the roller track 14.

On each flexible rod 19 of the left and right sides there are thirteen rings 22, to which pallets 1 are connected using carabiners 6. Flexible rods 19 are made of nylon tape.

The tool for fixing the pallets 1 in the drive 18 includes an inclined stand 23 (Fig. 5), which is mounted under the roller track 14. The stand increases the threshold height of the drive 18 and, accordingly, its capacity, acting as a stop during the reverse movement of the tray I after dropping from him load package 2 due to the tension of the flexible rod 19.

The device also contains regular chains 24 for additional fastening of pallets with cargoes to the floor of the aircraft before landing and tilted cargo ramp 25 (Fig.6).

During operation, the proposed device operates as follows.

Before loading the aircraft, all pallets 1 are placed in it. For this, each pallet 1 is mounted on a ramp 25 on the roller track 14 between the guide rails 11, 12 directly in front of the drive 18, and then manually push it into the cargo compartment of the aircraft until it stops and fix it with one of the devices 17. Thus, on an airplane, 12 pallets are placed on each side of the cargo compartment and one pallets on a ramp.

Each pallet 1 located on the plane is loaded with cargo in bags (or nets) weighing 1250-1500 kg, after having previously placed two rods 9 on the pallet along the line of the roller track 14, symmetrically distributing the ends of the rods 9 relative to the middle of the pallet 1. After the bags stacked on a pallet 1, their stack is pulled together by longitudinal rods 9, which are connected by nodes. Then the rods 9 are interconnected over the stack with a short rod 10, which ensures the stability of the stack of goods 2 in the transverse direction.

After loading all pallets 1 with cargo 2, the navigator determines the number of pallets from which the cargo is dumped, in each aircraft approach, based on the capacity of the drive 18 and the length of the cargo reception zone 2 in the landing area. Each group of pallets 1 with cargo 2 in one approach of the aircraft for landing is attached to the floor of the aircraft using standard chains 24.

To the device 17 of the first, in the order of dropping, the pallet is connected to the halyard 26 (Fig. 11) for the operator to manually open the lock when dropping the goods. The fixtures 17 of the next pallets in this series are connected with halyards (not shown), each to a pallet in front of the exit from the cargo compartment. Then close the hatch of the cargo compartment of the aircraft.

On the direct flight section to the landing zone, the ramp opens at the command of the navigator and the operator removes the chain 24 for securing pallets 1 with cargo 2 of the first series from the ramp side.

When approaching the landing area at the calculated point, the aircraft commander, on the command of the navigator, transfers the aircraft from horizontal flight to cabling mode with an angle of 10 ° -12 °. At the command of the navigator, the port and starboard operators open with the help of 26 files the fixtures 17 of the first pallets 1 at the exit, and they begin to move under the action of a component of gravity (and, possibly, inertia).

The opening of the fixtures 17 following in this series of pallets 1 occurs after the tension of the halyards connecting the fixtures 17 of these pallets 1 with the first pallets 1 at the exit, at the beginning of the movement of the latter.

At the moment of the descent of the pallet 1 with the stack of goods 2 from the last roller of the roller track 14, the tension of the flexible rod 19 occurs, which leads to the braking of the pallet 1, which "falls" into the drive 18, and the stack of goods 2 is dumped from the plane. Free pallet 1 under the action of the tension force of the flexible rod 19 moves in the opposite direction, abuts against the end face of the inclined stand 23 (Fig. 5) of the roller track 14 and remains in the drive 18.

The dumping of cargo packages 2 from the following pallets 1 takes place in a similar way. The accumulation of pallets 1 occurs in the drive 18.

To compensate for the angle of inclination of the stands 23 under the roller track 14 on the ramp 25 (Fig. 5), this ramp, when opened before landing, drops below the required angle.

The stacking dropped from the pallet 1 breaks up into separate loads 2 (for example, bags), since the ties 9, not being connected to each other from the bottom, diverge and no longer hold the loads in the stacking. This is facilitated by high-speed air pressure. Weights 2, in comparison with their compact stack or package, more efficiently "parachute" and experience less shock loads upon landing (since when laying the upper bags would create an additional load on the lower ones).

After dumping the first series of goods 2 from pallets 1, the operator closes the hatch of the cargo compartment, pallets 1 are removed from the drive 18 and fixed vertically to the sides of the aircraft.

The next series of pallets 1 with goods 2 are freed from additional circuits 24, rolled to the ramp, fixed with fixtures 17 and connected to them opening hinges, as for the previous series of goods.

The dropping of loads 2 from subsequent pallets 1 is similar to dropping of loads 2 of the first series.

Thus, the proposed device is distinguished by its simplicity of design, a significant reduction in the time of fastening of goods on a pallet and, as a result, the loading time of the aircraft. Eliminates the need to reconnect the rods to pallets in flight after each approach of the aircraft to the landing of cargoes, the reliability of the crew's work is facilitated and increased, and flight time is reduced.

The proposed device allows to increase the capacity of the drive pallets and, as a result, the required maximum possible amount of dumped cargo in one run of the aircraft, as well as the ability to increase the thickness and, therefore, the strength of the pallets. This increases the resource of pallets and the ability to perform a larger number of shipments than the cost of cargo delivery decreases.

The invention was tested and revealed that it can be effectively implemented in an aircraft, which is, for example, the Il-76 transport plane, which drops cargo from altitudes of 200-250 m at flight speeds of 280-300 km / h. Loads were various bulk solids (grain, cereals, etc.) in triple bags or other loads in containers, ensuring their safety during landing.

Claims (5)

1. A device for placing cargo on the aircraft and landing from it, containing pallets for storing goods that are placed on roller tracks and installed in the side guides of the cargo compartment with the possibility of movement under the action of the horizontal component of gravity and / or inertial force along the longitudinal axis the aircraft, means for securing the stacking of goods on pallets, devices for securing pallets from longitudinal movement, which, when opened, give the opportunity to placing pallets with cargoes at the landing position, as well as means for securing pallets before the landing position and the capacity of the pallets storage device after dropping cargo from them, characterized in that it is provided with means for increasing the volume of the capacity of the pallets storage device, while the means for fixing pallets before the landing position is made in the form of a single flexible flexible rod, placed along the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, both ends of which are connected to the aircraft, while the junction of one the end of this rod is located in the front of the cargo compartment, and the other after bending the rod in front of the landing position, in the rear of the cargo compartment, and freely connected rings are placed on this rod to connect to pallets. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of increasing the capacity of the drive is made in the form of inclined supports mounted on a ramp and placed under the roller tracks. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of moving rings is equal to the number of pallets placed along the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each of these means for securing the stacking of goods on pallets contains at least a pair of longitudinal couplers encircling the stack in vertical planes connected to each other on top of the stack and separated from each other from below laying, while the ties are made in the form of two closed flexible connections placed in planes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. 5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that protruding elements are made on the pallets to prevent lateral displacement and creep of the stacks in their lower part.

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