RU2301342C1 - Device for suppressing dust and gas during mass explosions in strip-pit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry, possible use for overcoming dust and gases at explosive operations during open extraction of mineral resource deposits.

SUBSTANCE: in accordance to method, along perimeter of internal benches of one or several quarry shelves, pipelines are positioned, while pipeline of lower shelf is connected to pipeline of higher shelf via wells, forming a hydraulic system, which is connected to draining system of strip-pit. Pipeline of each shelf is provided with one or several water curtain generators, each one of which is made in form of chamber with gas-dynamic generator positioned in it on one side and convergent-divergent nozzle positioned in it on the other side and coaxially placed in output pipe with chamber diffuser. Chamber is connected to inter-tubular hollow of hydraulic system of shelf, upon which generator is installed. For creating local sectors of water curtains, diffuser is made mobile. Described device creates water curtains with volume from 10⁴ to 10⁶ m³ with dust and gas suppression degree of about 97-98%, with 30-40% reduced capital costs in comparison to systems which contain powerful ventilators and reactive engines.

EFFECT: increased efficiency.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used to combat dust and gases in blasting operations in the open development of mineral deposits.

A device for combating a dust and gas cloud during blasting on the ledges of the quarry, containing a pipe filled with dust and gas-suppressing liquid, and located in the tube explosive charge and detonating cord [1].

The disadvantage of this device is the low dust and gas suppression efficiency due to the limited amount of water contained in the pipe and the low degree of dispersion of water.

A device for dust and gas suppression during mass explosions in the quarry, containing a main pipeline connected at one end to a tank mounted on the surface and filled with water, and the other end through the supply piping to the generators of the water curtains [2]. This device is taken by us as a prototype.

However, this device also has a low dust and gas suppression efficiency for the same reason - a limited amount of water contained in a tank installed on the surface.

The objective of the invention is to increase the degree of dust and gas suppression by increasing the volume of sprayed liquid and the overlap area of the dust and gas cloud in open works, as well as by increasing the degree of dispersion of the liquid.

This is achieved by the fact that in the device for dust and gas suppression during mass explosions in a quarry containing pipelines and generators of water curtains connected to the pipelines, the pipelines are placed on one or more benches along the perimeter of their inner berms, while the pipeline of the underlying ledge is connected to the pipeline of the overlying ledge by wells, forming a hydraulic system, which is in communication with the drainage system of the quarry, and the pipeline of each step is equipped with one or more water generators for ec. In addition, each generator of the water curtain is made in the form of a chamber, inside of which a gas-dynamic generator is installed on one side and a Loval nozzle coaxially placed in the outlet pipe with a chamber diffuser on the opposite side, while the chamber is in communication with the in-pipe cavity of the hydraulic ledge system on which there is a water curtain generator. To create local sectors of the water curtains, the diffuser of the outlet pipe of the chamber is mounted with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal and transverse axes of the chamber.

Figure 1 shows the technological layout of the equipment in the context.

Figure 2 shows the technological layout of the equipment in the plan.

Figures 3 and 4 show generators creating large and local water curtains.

On the horizontal surface of one or several ledges 1, 2, 3 along the perimeter of their inner berms are pipelines 4, 5, 6. The number of benches equipped with pipelines depends on the volume of blasting. In this case, the pipeline of the underlying ledge is connected to the pipeline of the overlying ledge by means of wells 7, forming a hydraulic system. This hydraulic system is communicated through channel 8 with the drainage system 9 of the quarry (see figure 1). On each ledge of the quarry with installed pipelines, one or more generators of water curtains 10 are located, located relative to each other at a distance at which the water curtains formed by the generators overlap the dust and gas cloud (see figure 2). Each generator of the water curtain is made in the form of a chamber 11, inside of which a gas-dynamic generator 12 is installed on one side, and a Laval nozzle 13 coaxially placed in the outlet pipe 14 with a chamber diffuser 15 on the opposite side (see Fig. 3). In this case, the inner cavity of the chamber is in communication with the in-tube cavity A of the hydraulic system of the ledge, on which the generator of the air curtain is located. This design provides the creation of large sectors of water curtains. For local sectors of the water curtains, the outlet pipe diffuser 15 is mounted rotatably around the longitudinal and transverse axes of the chamber by means of, for example, a corrugation 16 fixed in a predetermined position by means of a locking device 17 (see FIG. 4).

As a gas-dynamic generator can be used powder pressure accumulators PAD. The inclusion of generators of water curtains is carried out in accordance with the program of drilling and blasting operations by initiating PAD. Filling the hydraulic system with water from the drainage system of the quarry is carried out using pumps installed in the drainage workings (not shown).

The device operates as follows.

First, the hydraulic system is filled with water from the drainage system of the quarry by means of pumps. The presence of a single hydraulic system connected to the drainage system of the quarry allows you to provide the necessary amount of discharged water to block the dust and gas cloud in all areas of the quarry for a given volume of mass explosions. Placing pipelines with generators of water curtains on one or several ledges along the perimeter of their inner berms provides any given parameters of water curtains with minimal energy consumption. Then, in accordance with the program and the procedure for the production of a mass explosion at a quarry, the initiation sequence of hydrodynamic generators 12 is determined, depending on their distance to the blown blocks, the predicted volume of the dust and gas cloud and the response time of the generators of the water curtains. During supersonic gas flow through the Laval nozzle 13 in the outlet pipe 14 of the chamber of each generator of the water curtain, the water is ejected from the in-pipe cavity A of the hydraulic ledge system on which the water curtain generator is located and dispersed. The ability to rotate the outlet pipe of the camera allows you to create water curtains of various spatial parameters. The described device provides a flow rate of finely dispersed water of at least 0.25 kg / m ^{3 of} dusty air, creates water curtains with a volume of 10 ⁴ to 10 ⁶ m ³ with a dust and gas suppression degree of the order of 97-98% with a reduction in capital costs of 30-40% compared to systems containing powerful fans and jet engines.

Information sources

1. USSR author's certificate No. 1726752 according to class. E21F 5/00 from 02.22.89.

2. Ventilation and dust and gas suppression in the atmosphere of quarries. Konorev M.M., Nesterov G.F. Yekaterinburg, 2000, p. 205-206 (prototype).

Claims (3)

1. Device for dust and gas suppression during mass explosions in a quarry, containing pipelines and generators of water curtains connected to pipelines, characterized in that the pipelines are placed on one or more benches along the perimeter of their inner berms, while the pipeline of the underlying ledge is connected to the pipeline of the overlying ledge by wells, forming a hydraulic system that communicates with the drainage system of the quarry, and the pipeline of each step is equipped with one or more generators of water curtains . 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each generator of the water curtain is made in the form of a chamber, inside of which a gas-dynamic generator is installed on one side, and a Laval nozzle coaxially placed in the outlet pipe with a chamber diffuser on the opposite side, the camera being communicated with an in-pipe cavity of the hydraulic system of the ledge, on which the generator of the water curtain is located. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the outlet pipe diffuser is mounted to rotate around the longitudinal and transverse axes of the chamber.

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