RU2299831C2 - Method of rescue and raising of vessels and rescue complex for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rescue of distressed vessels; raising of sunken vessels.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes delivery of ship raising and rescue complex, assembly and mounting of complex components, sealing-up of distressed vessel hull, dewatering of vessel and raising of her. In raising the distressed vessel, raising force is created by means of inflatable elastic envelopes; pressure of gas contained in these envelopes is adjusted depending on the outside pressure. Evacuation of people may be started simultaneously with delivery of elastic inflatable envelopes. Rescue complex includes multi-hulled rescue ship equipped with propellers of two types; rescue ship has compartments for rescue equipment and beams for securing the winches, ropes and block systems. Hulls-floats of rescue ship are filled with elastic inflatable envelopes. Rescue equipment includes mobile escape locks and elastic reinforced hoses with coupling units, life rafts, boats, ring life buoys, hot-water immersion suits and sets of inflatable envelopes. Rescue ship control system includes unit for controllable delivery of gas to elastic envelopes.

EFFECT: guaranteed rescue and raising of distressed vessels from any depth under any weather conditions.

19 cl, 28 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the rescue of ships in distress, and, in addition, can be used to lift sunken objects.

Methods and means of rescue and lifting of ships are known from the book of A. I. Figichev et al. “Rescue and ship-raising means.” L., Sudostroenie, 1979. Rescue equipment can include large rescue boats, circles, rafts and boats At the same time, the designs of reliable primary means of rescue, allowing people to stay on the water for a long time, are not sufficiently developed.

Rescue equipment also includes means for repairing damage to the hull of a salvage ship, such as wooden corks and wedges, soft, semi-rigid and hard plasters, as well as pneumatic plasters. Emergency sealing of holes with the help of these tools is complex and time-consuming.

Containers, chambers, cuttings and other pop-up devices are known from the above source. However, the placement of cameras in submarines causes certain difficulties. Fixed lock chambers are also known. The lack of folding and mobile lock chambers with unified and standardized docking nodes, inlet and outlet openings is the main drawback of existing technical solutions in this area.

In addition, the book describes artificial overalls with artificial heating, which use electric power or warm water supplied through a hose for heating, which complicates and complicates the design of the wetsuit.

The lifting method in the aforementioned source is characterized by fastening the pontoons of the main group as close to the hull of the vessel being salvaged and peeling off the tear-off pontoons, blown primarily, not far from the surface of the water. Over the extremities of the vessel to be lifted, lifting means are installed.

This method is very time-consuming and requires a long time to deliver the necessary equipment to the accident site.

From patent RU 2249533 C2, 04/10/2005, a method for raising sunken submarines is known, including sealing the hull of a salvaged ship and releasing a salvaged ship from water, after which the salvage ship is lifted.

In addition, from the patent RU 2250845 C2, April 27, 2005, a rescue trimaran winged aircraft is known that contains a multihull rescue vessel equipped with two types of propulsion and includes compartments for accommodating rescue equipment, as well as beams for attaching winches, cables and block systems.

The disadvantages of the known method and device are: a long time for the delivery of rescue equipment to the accident site; incomplete set of rescue equipment; problematic use of the method and the ekranoplane in stormy weather, the difficulty of managing a rescue ship; limited weather conditions during take-off and landing ekranoplan.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to create a rescue method and a complex that implements it, combining all possible means of rescue, provided they are quickly and simultaneously delivered to the accident site.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the provision of guaranteed salvage and recovery of vessels that have crashed at any depth and in any weather conditions, by creating means to ensure quick, controlled delivery and placement of flexible shells to the salvaged object, as well as creating means for safe, controlled lifting. The inclusion of a full range of rescue equipment in the life-saving equipment package. The compactness and lightness of the entire complex for salvation as a whole and its individual parts, as well as the simplicity of bringing the complex to its working position.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of rescue and recovery of ships, including sealing the hull of the salvaged vessel and releasing the salvaged vessel from the water, as well as raising the salvaged vessel, is supplemented by the following operations: they deliver the complex for salvage and lifting the vessels to a specified place, assemble and assemble the parts complex, delivered using a mobile lock chamber to the salvage ship inflatable flexible shells, enter them into the salvage ship and / or fix them on the outside of the salvage hull the bottom, sealing the hull of the salvage vessel and freeing the salvage vessel from water by inflating flexible shells, when lifting the salvage vessel create additional lifting force using ropes with grippers or pontoons attached to the grips or ropes to the rescue and salvage vessel, the gas pressure in the flexible shells are regulated depending on the pressure of the external environment.

Additionally, the claimed technical result is also achieved by the fact that

simultaneously with the delivery of inflatable flexible shells to the salvage ship, people in the salvage facility are evacuated, providing communication between the premises of the salvage ship and with the external environment using mobile lock chambers;

the roll and trim of the rescued vessel during lifting is regulated by means of flexible inflatable shells fixed to its hull;

as pontoons use flexible inflatable shells;

pontoons and flexible inflatable shells are held in underwater position using rods mounted on a rescue vessel;

as a gas source, sublimating substance is used, loaded inside the shells immediately before immersion.

In addition, the claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the complex for rescue and recovery of ships, including a multihull rescue vessel equipped with propulsion of two types, and including compartments for placement of rescue equipment, as well as beams for attaching winches, cables and block systems, additionally includes hulls -floats for the rescue vessel, between which the central hull carrying the payload is movably mounted, while the hull-floats are equipped with screw propellers and are filled with flexible over shells, and the central hull is equipped with a pulsed jet propulsion device, while the compartments for rescue equipment are made in the central case, as the rescue equipment in the compartments there are mobile lock chambers and flexible reinforced hoses with docking units, life rafts, boats, circles, heated diving suits and sets of inflatable shells, beams for attaching winches, cables and block systems are placed on float bodies with the possibility of attaching grippers to the cables for lifting vessel or mobile lock chambers, the control system of the rescue ship is supplemented by a device for controlled gas supply to flexible shells.

In particular, the claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that

the rescue ship is made in the form of a catamaran, trimaran or polymaran;

hulls of a rescue vessel are made in the shape of a ball or a cylindrical shape;

a set of flexible inflatable shells includes shells for lifting the rescued vessel, shells for displacing water from flooded compartments, shells for eliminating a leak, shells for breathing;

the mobile lock chamber contains a rigid frame made of ribs, made with the possibility of folding, on which a panel of elastic material is fixed, which provides tightness, as well as a hermetically sealed entrance and exit for docking with any salvage object;

the lifeboat is made in the form of elastic hulls fixed along the perimeter in two rows and filled with flexible inflatable shells, a hollow hull communicated by the lower part with the external environment and placed in the center of the boat, while the hollow hull has openings for draining water, which are closed on the inside by valves, in the upper part of the hollow hull, a folding mast with a sail made of waterproof material is fixed, forming the roof of the lifeboat when folding the mast;

docking nodes are made in the form of a docking cable with a winch or pin and a gripping device with the ability to connect to the object to be saved directly through a flexible armored sleeve or through a mobile lock chamber;

the heated wetsuit is made of a multilayer material, the layers of which are arranged as follows: the outer layer is of a microporous hydrophobic material, the outer surface of which is covered with tape or fiber elements from piezoelectric material; a layer of conductive fabric; a layer of elastic piezomaterial, a film of dielectric, a layer of elastic piezomaterial, while the surface of the layers have a certain roughness;

heated wetsuit contains a folding helmet, transparent on the front side, made of waterproof material collected in an accordion with the help of a folding frame, as well as a bib collar made of flexible inflatable shells;

flexible inflatable membranes contain an excess of gas-forming substances and are made with a valve for venting excess gas;

flexible inflatable shells for breathing are used as bags for breathing, while they are filled with a breathing gas mixture, equipped with a fitting for connecting to a breathing mask or suit and equipped with regulators for individual and total flow of components of the gas mixture, made in such a way that the total flow controller is installed after individual flow controller settings;

the grips for lifting the salvage vessel are equipped with clamps for the positions of the ends of the grips and interchangeable nozzles for preparatory operations;

sensors for determining the pressure difference are made in the form of a sealed vessel filled with liquid, the end sides of which are arranged to be placed in adjacent compartments or media and have a set of impermeable membranes of different elasticity, changing their shape at different pressure drops.

Examples of the implementation of the claimed method and device are illustrated by the following figures:

Figure 1, 21, 22. Scheme of the rescue catamaran.

Figure 2. Flexible shell to eliminate holes on the rescue ship.

Figure 3, 4. Embodiments of the housing of the mobile lock chamber.

Figure 5. Diagram of a single hull rescue vessel.

6-10. Devices to facilitate mooring and docking of rescue and rescue vessels.

11. Inflatable shells for changing the spatial position of the rescue vessel.

12-16. Capture

Fig. 17-20. Multihull rescue ship.

FIG. 21, 22. Pontoons.

Fig.23. Liferaft.

Fig.24-26. Lifeboat.

Fig.27. Lifebuoy.

Fig.28. Differential pressure sensor.

The multihull rescue vessel (Fig. 1) is equipped with lifting equipment: on the float hulls there are beams for attaching winches 5, ropes 6 and block systems 7 with the possibility of attachment to gripper cables 8 for lifting the rescue vessel or mobile lock chambers.

Catamaran, trimaran or polymaran (Figs. 17-20) include hollow float bodies 1, between which there is a habitable and payload central body 3. Float bodies are equipped with screw propellers 2. Screw propellers with large blades made of durable, light material, in water they work like propellers, and, once in the air, they can work like propellers. In addition, the hollow hull-floats 1 are divided inside by partitions and filled with inflatable flexible shells 4, which will ensure unsinkability of the rescue vessel in case of holes. The increase in the number of body-floats provides an increase in stability and carrying capacity. The inhabited central hull 3 of a multihull vessel must be equipped with a pulsed jet propulsion device, providing the necessary position of the rescue vessel in space.

Inside the central building 3 there are compartments for accommodating mobile lock chambers and flexible reinforced hoses with standardized docking units, liferafts, boats, circles, wetsuits and flexible inflatable shells.

The hull of a multihull vessel can have any streamlined shape, in particular, a cylindrical shape (Fig. 18) or a ball shape (19-20).

The stability of rescue vessels and apparatuses of the proposed design in stormy weather is due to the ability of a rescue vessel to roll from one float hull 1 to another while maintaining the vertical position of the central hull 3 due to the displacement of its center of gravity relative to the geometric center and the possibility of rotation around the axis.

When transporting a rescue vessel, non-inflated and compactly placed float hulls adjoin the central hull. The weight of the inflatable elements of the ship is small. This design provides transportation of the rescue vessel in the folded state with all equipment using aviation. In this case, rescue equipment can be stacked inside the central building or separately from it. Upon transition to the working position of the body-floats, expanded by inflating flexible shells placed inside them, there may be 1, 2 orders of magnitude more than the volume of the inhabited body.

To establish communication with the rescue vessel, mobile lock cameras are used to deliver rescue equipment and equipment to the latter. Such cameras can have a rigid, folding frame made of ribs, and an elastic panel sealed on the frame (Figs. 3, 4), as well as a hermetically sealed inlet and outlet for docking the interior of the salvage ship with each other, as well as for docking with unified docking station with any salvage facility. The body of the lock chamber ensures its folding with an accordion or in one plane. The immersion of the mobile lock chambers is carried out in the folded or operational state using a cable connected to the winch, while to facilitate immersion, the lock chambers may contain ballast or be filled with water. The lifting of the lock chambers is carried out using a cable and a winch or by inflating flexible shells located in a mobile lock chamber.

The unified docking unit includes: a docking cable (Figs. 8-10) or a pin and a gripper (Figs. 7, 9). In addition, the rescue vessel is provided with flexible reinforced sleeves for communications and delivery of people and goods.

When docking with a salvage facility, alignment of the heel and trim of the salvage and salvage ships is necessary. To change the heel and trim of the rescue and rescue vessel, as well as the mobile lock chamber, when docking, environmentally friendly ballast weights can be used, for example, an aqueous mixture with metal elements of complex configuration, in addition, at least two flexible inflatable shells located along the perimeter of the object, the roll and trim of which must be changed. At the same time, flexible inflatable shells are located around the perimeter of the object, taking into account the location of its longitudinal and transverse axes.

When connecting, it is also necessary to ensure equal pressures between the joined objects. To determine the pressure difference between the compartments, it is convenient to use the sensor shown in Fig. 28. Such a sensor is a sealed vessel 9 in the form of a cylinder or parallelepiped filled with a liquid, the end sides of which are located in adjacent compartments and have a set of impermeable impermeable membranes 10 that change their shape at different pressure drops.

Using mobile lock chambers, flexible inflatable shells are delivered to the rescue vessel. The sets of flexible inflatable shells include shells for lifting the rescue vessel, shells for displacing water from the flooded compartments, shells for eliminating the leak, and shells for breathing.

The shells for breathing are equipped with a fitting for connecting to a breathing mask. The shell may be filled with oxygen or a breathing mixture. To create the necessary ratio of gas components, depending on the depth and speed of immersion or ascent, you can use the regulators of the individual or total flow rate of the gas mixture, which are equipped with manual and automatic installation in the selected operating position. To provide the vessel to be saved with air for several days, it is convenient to use a pump with a manual or automatic drive for pumping air through a solution with an alkaline agent.

Flexible inflatable shells for fastening on the hull of the vessel can be delivered to the salvage object along with the grips for lifting the vessel and attached to them, or to the guide cable. In this case, solid carbon dioxide charged into flexible shells before being immersed can be used as a gas source.

Shells for the elimination of holes (figure 2) are a durable shock-absorbing shell 11, containing inside the inflatable shell 12 with gas sources triggered by a remote signal. When eliminating a leak, the shell using the stop 13 is held in a hole, a signal is generated that initiates a gas formation reaction. When filled with gas, the shell forms a bulge on both sides of the hull 14 of the rescue vessel, sealing it.

When placing flexible inflatable shells inside the salvage vessel, the volume of the salvage vessel necessary for lifting, which is free from water, shall be taken into account. The additional volume can be freed by bleeding off the excess volume of gas from the flexible shells.

Inside the salvage vessel, flexible inflatable shells are placed, if possible, in all rooms, in places free from the installation of ship equipment and communications. For example, they are fixed indoors using adhesive means in the space between the frames on the free parts of the housing wall. During transportation and placement in the folded state, the inflatable shells are protected from damage by rigid or elastic nets or curtains that automatically expand and fold when inflatable flexible membranes are inflated.

To maintain the buoyancy of the vessel with strong internal damage, flexible inflatable shells are attached to the supporting structures of the vessel, for example frames.

To create additional lifting force, grips are used (Figs. 12-16), connected by a cable system with block systems and winches (Figs. 1, 5, 21, 22), as well as the pontoons shown in Figs. 21, 22. the beams on the rescue vessel are led out on both sides of the latter. The pontoons are equipped with a system of blocks 7, the ends of the lifting cables are connected to the winches 5. The pontoons, which are lowered down, allow you to adjust the lifting force. Pontoons can be made in the form of flexible inflatable shells, interconnected or enclosed in a network, or be a rigid body or elastic body filled with flexible inflatable shells with autonomous gas sources.

To save effort on the winch, the pontoons can be held in an underwater position using rods 15 mounted on a rescue vessel.

The tongs-grippers 8 (Fig. 12) for lifting the salvage vessel are equipped with a latch 16 that does not allow the ends of the grips 8 to diverge when lifting the vessel.

Captures 8 are installed in those places where violation of the integrity of the hull of the rescued vessel does not lead to damage to important systems and equipment. Parts of the grips are collected before diving or after diving in depth. After assembling the grippers, their end parts are bred to the required distance and fix this position with emphasis. To grasp the hull of the salvage ship, the emphasis is removed. At the end parts of the grippers, replaceable nozzles are fixed: rollers to ensure sliding; hydraulic trunks, soil pumps, exciting, cutting, snacking manipulators and other tools.

When conducting rescue operations at a depth, heated wetsuits and vests with folding helmets and inflatable shells are used. Such wetsuits and vests are made of multilayer material. The layers are arranged as follows: an outer layer of microporous hydrophobic material, the outer surface of which is covered with tape or fiber elements from a piezomaterial; a layer of conductive fabric, for example, of resistive filamentary materials or a film of composite materials; a layer of elastic piezomaterial, a film of dielectric, a layer of elastic piezomaterial. The surface of the layers made with roughness, for example, subjected to rough processing and have a significant coefficient of friction.

The formation of heat in the layers of a wetsuit or vest occurs as follows: the movement of water or air, as well as the movement of the human body provides mechanical movement of the elements and layers of the piezomaterial, the generated EMF in the layer of the electrically conductive medium forms an electric current that turns into heat.

The wetsuit also contains a bib collar, consisting of several inflatable shells, and a foldable helmet that is transparent on the front side. The helmet is made of lightweight waterproof elastic material, mounted on a rigid, folding accordion frame. In case of severe shock, the bib collar automatically inflates and the helmet closes automatically.

In addition, when conducting rescue operations, life rafts are used (Fig. 23), boats (Figs. 24-26) and circles (Fig. 27), the elastic hollow hulls of which are inside divided into separate sections by partitions 17. Inside each section are placed flexible inflatable membranes 4. The reliability of the said rescue equipment increases in proportion to the number of inflatable membranes.

Figures 24-26 show a boat with elastic hulls 18 located at two levels around the perimeter and filled with inflatable shells 4. In the center of the boat is a hollow hull 19, communicated in the lower part with the external environment, i.e. with a water surface. At the estimated height in the housing, a series of holes 20 for draining water closed by check valves are made. If water enters the boat, it will drain through openings in the hollow hull. The upper part of the hollow hull ends with a folding mast 21, which consists of elements that, when folded and secured to the sides of the boat, form the edges of the tent. A mast is placed on the mast, which can be mounted on a folded mast like a tent.

The claimed group of inventions differs from the known in the prior art in that the multihull rescue vessel and all its equipment necessary for rescue operations can be delivered to the accident site by any cargo vehicle, for example, an airplane. That will ensure fast and safe delivery of the complex of all rescue equipment at the same time. Installation and inflation of parts of the rescue complex is carried out on water. Parts of a multi-hull ship are delivered to the scene of the accident in containers when folded. It is advisable to use a parachute to launch the unclosable central hull of a rescue vessel.

If necessary, a multihull rescue vessel approaches the scene of the accident. Two-way communication is established with the salvage ship via docking. Why are mobile lock chambers and flexible reinforced sleeves used? In the tanks of the mobile lock chambers, inflatable flexible shells are delivered to the salvage vessel, which are placed inside the salvage vessel and fixed to its hull from the outside. Sealing the hull of the salvage ship and freeing the salvage ship from water is carried out by inflating flexible shells, and also, in particular, bleeding off excess gas from the shells located inside the salvage facility is used. Such shells have a valve for bleeding gas, the gas source, which is located inside such a shell, is designed to produce a gas volume several times higher than the volume required to fill the shell. Raise the rescue vessel by inflating flexible shells mounted on its hull. If necessary, additional lifting force is created using cables with grips or pontoons attached to grips or cables to the rescue and rescue vessel.

Thus, the rescue tools described above provide a phased, controlled recovery of the damaged ship.

Claims (19)

1. A method of rescue and lifting of ships, including sealing the hull of the salvaged ship and releasing the salvaged ship from water, after which the salvage ship is lifted, characterized in that the complex is delivered to rescue and hoist the ships to a specified place, assembly and installation of parts of the complex are carried out, delivered using a movable lock chamber on the salvage vessel, inflatable flexible shells, introduce them into the salvage vessel and / or fix them on the outside of the salvage ship hull, seal the hull of the salvage ship and the salvage vessel is freed from the water by inflating flexible shells; when lifting the salvage vessel, additional lifting force is created using ropes with grippers or pontoons attached to grips or ropes - to the salvage and salvage vessel, the gas pressure in flexible shells is regulated depending on the pressure the external environment. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at the same time as the delivery of the inflatable flexible shells to the salvaged ship, people in the salvaged facility are evacuated, providing communication between the premises of the salvaged ship and with the external environment using mobile lock chambers. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the roll and trim of the rescued vessel during lifting is controlled by means of flexible inflatable shells fixed to its hull. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the pontoons use flexible inflatable shells. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pontoons and flexible inflatable shells are held in underwater position using rods mounted on a rescue vessel. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sublimating substance loaded inside the shells immediately before immersion is used as a gas source. 7. A complex for rescue and recovery of ships, including a multihull rescue vessel equipped with two types of propulsion and including compartments for accommodating rescue equipment, as well as beams for attaching winches, cables and block systems, characterized in that the rescue vessel contains float hulls, between with which the central body carrying the payload is movably mounted, while the float bodies are equipped with screw propellers and are filled with flexible inflatable shells, and the central body is equipped with a pulse rea with a propulsion device, while the compartments for rescue equipment are made in the central building, as the rescue equipment in the compartments there are mobile lock chambers and flexible reinforced hoses with docking units, life rafts, dinghies, circles, heated diving suits, sensors for determining the pressure difference and sets of inflatable shells, beams for attaching winches, cables and block systems are placed on float hulls with the possibility of attachment to gripper cables for lifting a salvage vessel or edvizhnyh lock chambers, rescue vessel control system supplemented with a device for controlled supply of gas to the flexible membrane. 8. The complex according to claim 7, characterized in that the rescue vessel is made in the form of a catamaran, trimaran or polymaran. 9. The complex according to claim 7, characterized in that the hull of the rescue vessel is made in the form of a ball or a cylindrical shape. 10. The complex according to claim 7, characterized in that the set of flexible inflatable shells includes shells for lifting the rescue vessel, shells for displacing water from the flooded compartments, shells for eliminating the leak, shells for breathing. 11. The complex according to claim 7, characterized in that the mobile lock chamber contains a rigid frame made of ribs, made with the possibility of folding, on which a panel of elastic material is fixed, which provides tightness, as well as a hermetically sealed entrance and exit for docking with any salvage object . 12. The complex according to claim 7, characterized in that the lifeboat is made in the form of elastic hulls, fixed along the perimeter in two rows and filled with flexible inflatable shells, a hollow hull communicated by the lower part with the external environment and placed in the center of the boat, while the hollow hull it has openings for draining water, which are closed on the inside by valves, a folding mast with a sail made of waterproof material is fixed in the upper part of the hollow hull, forming the roof of the lifeboat when folding the mast. 13. The complex according to claim 7, characterized in that the docking nodes are made in the form of a docking cable with a winch or pin and a gripping device with the ability to connect to the object to be saved directly through a flexible armored sleeve or through a mobile lock chamber. 14. The complex according to claim 7, characterized in that the heated wetsuit is made of a multilayer material, the layers of which are arranged as follows: the outer layer is of microporous hydrophobic material, the outer surface of which is covered with tape or fiber elements from piezoelectric material, a layer of electrically conductive fabric, a layer of elastic piezomaterial, a film of a dielectric, a layer of elastic piezomaterial, while the surface of the layers have a certain roughness. 15. The complex according to 14, characterized in that the heated wetsuit contains a folding helmet, transparent on the front side, made of waterproof material collected in an accordion with the help of a folding frame, as well as a bib collar made of flexible inflatable shells. 16. The complex according to claim 7, characterized in that the flexible inflatable shells contain an excessive amount of gas-forming substances and are made with a valve to vent excess gas. 17. The complex according to claim 10, characterized in that the flexible inflatable shells for breathing are used as bags for breathing, while they are filled with a breathing gas mixture, equipped with a fitting for connecting to a breathing mask or suit and are equipped with regulators for individual and total flow of gas components mixtures made in such a way that the total flow controller is installed after installing the individual flow controller. 18. The complex according to claim 7, characterized in that the grips for lifting the salvage vessel are equipped with clamps for the position of the ends of the grips and interchangeable nozzles for preparatory operations. 19. The complex according to claim 7, characterized in that the sensors for determining the pressure difference are made in the form of a sealed vessel filled with liquid, the end sides of which are arranged to be placed in adjacent compartments or environments and have a set of impermeable impermeable membranes that change their shape at various pressure differences.

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