RU2299535C1 - Rotary tillage tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment which may be used for removal of non-standard parts of licorice such as black head in mass extraction of licorice raw material.

SUBSTANCE: rotary tillage tool has knife drum mounted on horizontal rotating shaft and equipped with disks having circumferentially secured knives. Each knife is positioned so as to be moved between adjacent disks. Knife is made U-shaped and fixed with its vertical strips on disk. Horizontal blade is deflected from generatrix surface of knife drum by an angle of 5-15 deg. Horizontal blades of knives in each section between adjacent disks are spaced apart from axis of rotating shaft of drum by distances differing from one another. Front and rear parts of vertical strips and horizontal blades are fitted with continuous cutting edges sharpened at an angle of 18-21 deg. Vertical strips and horizontal blade of each knife are made in the form of integral part.

EFFECT: improved quality of cut of licorice root in removal of black head and reduced consumption of manual work for sorting out of raw licorice roots into standard and non-standard parts.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage implements with rotary working bodies, and can be used to remove non-marketed parts of licorice (karabash) in the mass production of licorice and harvesting planting material in the form of cuttings of 4-5 years of age for phytomelioration of obstructed lands .

A rotary tool for processing soil on slopes is known, containing teeth mounted on a longitudinally horizontal shaft, in which, in order to improve the quality of soil processing and reduce energy consumption, the teeth are located on the shaft along a helical line, and the distance from the toe of the teeth to the axis of rotation of the shaft increases along the process flow and is determined by the formula Ri = Rmax-H (ni) / n, while the tooth grip width decreases during the process and is determined by the formula bi = 1.2 ^{n + 1-i} × bmax., where Ri is the distance from sock to the axis of rotation of the shaft of the i-tooth; Rmax is the distance from the sock to the axis of rotation of the shaft of the last tooth; N - the length of the working part of the tooth; n is the number of teeth on the shaft; i is the number of the tooth; bi is the width of the i-tooth; bmax - the width of the first tooth; the angle between adjacent teeth is 30-90 ° (SU, copyright certificate No. 1376956 A1, M. class. ⁴ А01В 33/04. Rotary implements for tillage on slopes (V.D. Demyanov, V.N. Gneev, B. M. Milman (USSR) .- Application No. 4147322 / 30-15; Stated 09/30/1986; Publish. 02.29.1988, Bull. No. 8).

The described rotary gun in licorice thickets does not provide cutting of Karabash from licorice roots, because shafts with teeth are placed in longitudinally vertical planes.

Such a rotary tillage implement is known, including a horizontal drum made of discs that are interconnected by rods with loosening teeth, while the teeth of the previous shaft are arranged in a checkerboard pattern with respect to the teeth of the next, in order to improve the quality of leveling the soil surface, each of the rods installed additional teeth, each of which is located between two main with angular displacement relative to them, while the diameter of the circle drawn through the tops of the cutting edges of the additional teeth are smaller than the diameter of the same circle of the main teeth (SU, copyright certificate No. 1042629 A, M. class ³ A01B 21/02; A01B 35/28. Rotary tillage implement (V.V. Trufanov, V.A. Yuzbashev, Yu.A. Kuznetsov and others of the USSR) .- Application No. 3407015 / 30-15; Stated January 11, 1982; Published September 23, 1983, Bull. No. 35).

The disadvantages of the described tool in relation to the problem being solved - the extraction of licorice raw materials and the removal of non-marketed parts of licorice (Karabash) - include poor cutting quality and high energy consumption.

The closest analogue to the claimed object is a rotary tillage implement containing disks mounted on a horizontal axis, in which, in order to improve the quality of soil cultivation, each of the disks is equipped with knives fixed along its perimeter, each of which has the shape of a trapezium, facing a smaller base to the disk , and is located at an angle to the plane of rotation of the disk (SU, copyright certificate No. 1535395 A1, M. class. ⁵ АВВ 21/04. Rotary tillage implement (A.N. Koperin (USSR). - Application No. 4406083 / 30-15; Stated 04/19/1 988; Publ. 15.01.1990, Bull. No. 2).

The disadvantages of the described tool, adopted as the closest analogue, include low productivity, low quality cut of the apical parts of licorice roots and high energy consumption.

The essence of the claimed invention.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to reduce the cost of manual labor and time for sorting freshly extracted roots and rhizomes of licorice as licorice and to reduce labor costs for removing non-commodity parts from them.

The technical result is an increase in productivity and cut quality.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known rotary tillage implement containing a knife drum mounted on a horizontal axis of rotation with disks and knives fixed around the perimeter of the disks, according to the invention, each knife equipped with the ability to reinstall between adjacent disks is given a U-shape, vertical the shelves the knife is mounted on the disks, and its horizontal blade is deviated from the generatrix of the surface of the knife drum by an angle of 5 ... 15 °, while the horizontal parts of the blades on ments in each section between adjacent disks mounted different distance from the rotational axis of the cutter drum; front and back parts of vertical shelves and horizontal blades are equipped with continuous cutting edges; sharpening blades at an angle of 18 ... 21 °; vertical shelves and horizontal blade are made as a single part.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a rotary tillage implement, plan view.

In Fig.2 - view A in Fig.1, a fragment of a knife drum with knives U-shaped, placed in sections between adjacent disks along intermittent helical lines.

Figure 3 is a section bB in figure 2, a longitudinally-vertical section of a knife drum with differently spaced horizontal parts of the blades from the axis of rotation.

Figure 4 - section bb in figure 3, a section of a vertical shelf of a U-shaped knife with cutting edges on the front and back of the blades.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

A rotary tillage implement contains a frame 1, support wheels 2 and 3, a bevel gear 4, a telescopic driveshaft 5, an intermediate shaft 6, an on-board cylindrical gear 7 and a knife drum 8. The knife drum 8 is mounted on the frame 1 on a horizontal axis of rotation 9 perpendicular to the direction of movement Vn guns. Disks 10 are fixed on the knife drum 8 with a predetermined pitch, and knives 11 are fixed along their perimeter. Each knife 11 is given a U-shape. Knives 11 are provided with the ability to reinstall between adjacent disks 10. Vertical shelves 12 and 13 knife 11 is mounted on a pair of adjacent disks 10. The horizontal blade 14 of the knife 11 is deviated from the generatrix 15 of the surface of the knife drum 8 by an angle η = 5 ... 15 ° (see figure 2). The vertical shelves 12 and 13 and the horizontal blade 14 of the U-shaped knife 11 are made as a single part from a structural steel strip with a section t _n = 6 ... 8 × L ¹ _n = 80 mm (see figure 4). Material - Steel 65. The front and rear parts of the vertical shelves 12 and 13 and the horizontal blade 14 of each knife 11 are provided with continuous cutting edges 16 and 17 (see figure 4). The cutting edges 16 and 17 are formed by sharpening the upper strip of the knife blank 11 at an angle i = 18 ... 21 °. The cutting edges 16 of the shelves 12 are deviated from the radii of the knife drum 8 by an angle β = 30 ° (see figure 3). The cutting edges 16 of the shelves 13 are deviated from the radii of the knife drum 8 by an angle of 180 ° - β. The horizontal parts of the blades 14, located between adjacent disks 10 of the knife drum 8, are mounted differently from the axis of rotation 9 of the knife drum 8: Rk> Rk ₁ > Rk ₂ > Rk ₃ . This allows for layer-by-layer cutting of the turf layer together with licorice gum in the layer hmax. Each knife 11 cuts chips with a thickness of (hmax-hi) / z, where Z is the number of knives 11 between adjacent disks 10. The described arrangement of the knives 11 on the disks 10 provides a rear angle ε = 3 ... 7 ° (see figure 3) in the interaction of the horizontal blade 14 with the roots and Karabash licorice. When the angular velocity ω of the knife drum 8 is equal to 35 s ^-1 and the translational speed of the gun Vn = 0.85 m / s (λ = 11), a high quality cut of licorice roots is ensured.

Rotary tillage tool works as follows.

Licorice overhead shoots are mowed either with KDN-2.1 disk mowers and raked into rolls, or with KPP-1.5B mowers, and the cutting of plants is distributed over the surface of the mown strip. In the wake of the mowers there is a rotary tillage implement in an aggregate with a wheel tractor of draft class 0.9, or 1.4. When the power take-off shaft is turned on, the telescopic driveshaft 5 transmits torque to the gears of the bevel gear 4. Further, the power is transmitted by the intermediate shaft 6 to the gears of the final drive 7. The output shaft of the final drive 7 is kinematically connected with the shaft of the knife drum 8.

With the offensive movement of Vn of the frame 1 and the rotation of the axis 9 of the knife drum 8 with an angular speed ω, each cutting edge 16 of the blade 14 of the knife 11 cuts off chips of variable cross-section from top to bottom in the turf layer. Due to the placement of knives 11 with radii of distances from the axis of rotation 9 on Rk, Rk ₁ , Rk ₂ , Rk ₃ there is a layer-by-layer cutting of stubble, mortmass, licorice stems, Karabash from the top of the licorice. This achieves both a reduction in energy consumption and a high quality shear cut on the apical parts of licorice roots.

Claims (3)

1. Rotary tillage implement containing a knife drum mounted on a horizontal axis of rotation with disks and knives fixed around the perimeter of the disks, characterized in that each knife, equipped with the ability to reinstall between adjacent disks, is made in a U-shape, and the knife is mounted on disks with vertical shelves and its horizontal blade is deviated from the generatrix of the surface of the knife drum by an angle of 5 ... 15 °, while the horizontal blades of knives in each section between adjacent disks are mounted differently from the axis of rotation of the knife drum. 2. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the front and rear parts of the vertical shelves and horizontal blades are equipped with continuous cutting edges with sharpening the blades at an angle of 18 ... 21 °. 3. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical shelves and the horizontal blade of each knife are made in the form of a single part.

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