RU2298423C2 - Method for protecting of worker during repair and construction, restoration and prophylactic works on vertical surface of buildings and constructions, and protective apparatus for performing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus - protective system is used for performing rescue and other works during which works worker has to move over vertical surface. Employment of protective apparatus - protective system allows works to be provided on buildings and constructions of any configuration. Method involves performing of repairing-constructional and other works on vertical surface of buildings or constructions, during which worker is fixed on vertical surface of buildings and constructions by means of protecting apparatus - worker protective system. Apparatus has metal construction fixed on worker's belt and consisting of lowering and raising units connected in series-parallel with one another, said units being secured on worker's hands and legs and connected with flexible cables. In case two or three cables are employed, these cables are passed through said units and fixed in upper part of buildings or constructions. In case four cables are available, these cables are secured with their one ends within metal construction and are passed with their other ends through pulleys mounted in upper part of building or construction, are then directed back into metal construction to further pass through its braking and triggering units controlled by means of change switches-distributors to be wound onto drums mounted under worker's protective system.

EFFECT: wider operational capabilities and enhanced reliability in operation.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction during minor repair and construction, installation, restoration and maintenance work on the facades of residential and industrial buildings, as well as on various high-rise buildings using climbing equipment. This device can also be used when performing rescue and other work related to moving along the vertical surface of buildings and structures.

The strength characteristics of climbing equipment, the ability to organize a workplace for performing local work in a relatively short period of time: perform selective sealing, repair a section of a drainpipe, plaster a collapsed portion of a cornice, mount an antenna and ventilation, and wash glass; the use of flexible cables to insure a worker is indispensable.

This method is indispensable where it is impossible to use lifting machines and mechanisms, which in many situations are disadvantageous to use due to considerable financial and organizational costs, significant time costs for preparatory work: installation of scaffolding, lifting machines and mechanisms, and other auxiliary equipment, which also require considerable costs for their operation and storage, and repair.

The first sources of information on the use of flexible cables (ropes) to perform work on vertical surfaces using climbing equipment were newspapers covering the construction of the Naryn, Sayano - Shushinskaya, Toktogul and Zeya hydroelectric stations, which talked about the different works that climbers performed, since there are no other techniques and methods to apply in those conditions was impossible.

An attempt was made in the book by A. Martynov on the possibility of using climbing equipment and climbing equipment in the production of works "Industrial mountaineering", a series of "School of mountaineering", 2001, "SportAcademPress."

However, there is no information on the methods of insurance for a worker using climbing equipment when carrying out various construction, installation, repair and construction, restoration and maintenance works on buildings and structures of various configurations and designs. Only the strength characteristics of some objects used by climbers, and those methods and techniques that climbers and climbers use in the mountains, are considered.

At the first stages of the work carried out with the use of climbing equipment, they did not require high qualifications from the worker, and the movement of the worker along the safety ropes was mainly from top to bottom (see "Industrial Mountaineering" - Toolkit, 1990, "Physical Culture and Sports", Management of Mountain Climbing VDFSO of trade unions of UMTS "Elbrus", p. 104, chap. V). The cables were tied in the upper part of buildings and structures, and the worker, going either to the roof or to the highest point of any structure, fixed on the cable and descended along it to the place of work.

Over time, the work that had to be carried out using climbing equipment and climbing equipment became more complicated, and during their execution it was necessary to move not only from top to bottom, but also in all directions of the surface of the vertical section of a building or structure with various configurations and designs, performing the required technology, and these works had to be carried out at a relatively high altitude using fairly sophisticated tools and equipment.

There was a need to create a safety system with which the worker can perform work, not only going down the flexible cables, but also moving with their help to any side along the vertical surface of buildings and structures of various configurations and designs.

A device for moving and insurance in the manufacture of construction, installation, restoration and maintenance work on the vertical surface of buildings and structures using a flexible cable (SU 1038450 A, 08/30/1983).

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of funds for its use in the production of work on the surface of buildings and structures with different configurations, as well as the need for additional labor costs for installing the device and performing work with its use.

Despite the fact that the organization of worker insurance has become more complicated, practice has shown that the technical result achieved by implementing the proposed insurance device in a certain way is to provide the ability to perform work cheaper and faster than using not only traditional lifting machines and mechanisms, but also in the case of providing the simplest descent of the worker on flexible cables. This device allows for work taking into account the configuration of buildings and structures.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the method of insurance of the worker in the repair, construction, restoration, installation and maintenance work on the vertical surface of buildings and structures, according to which, the worker is located on the vertical surface of buildings and structures using a device for insurance - the worker’s safety system, including a fixed on the belt of the worker, a metal structure consisting of series-parallel connected launch and lifting units, finding hanging on the arms and legs of the worker and connected with flexible cables, in the presence of two or three cables they pass through these nodes and are fixed in the upper part of buildings or structures, and in the presence of four cables they are fixed with their ends to metal structures, and others pass through blocks mounted in the upper part of buildings or structures are returned back to the metal structure and pass through its brake and trigger assemblies, controlled by switches - distributors, with the possibility of winding on drums, mounted nye under a safety system working.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of possible configurations of buildings; figure 2 - the method of location of the safety system on the building in the form of a truncated pyramid; figure 3 is a functional diagram of the metal structure of the device; figure 4 is a schematic representation of a change in the position of a worker using a device on a building with a truncated pyramid configuration.

Schematically, all modern buildings and structures on which various works are carried out can be represented in the form of four main figures: a prism, a cylinder, a cone or a pyramid.

Depending on the change in the position of these figures and the ratio of the dimensions of the base and height (Fig. 1), a different approach to the performance of certain works is required, the organization of worker insurance is changed by changing the number of elements used in the device — the safety system of the proposed method.

Next will be described the configuration of buildings and structures in the form of a truncated cone, in which the area of the lower base is less than the upper (figure 2). It is with this configuration of buildings or structures that the device is used with all its main components and elements.

Practice has identified four main cases of using the safety system, when not only a change in the configuration of buildings and structures, but also a change in the ratio of their geometric dimensions. Consider these cases.

Case 1. The easiest when organizing insurance on buildings or structures that are a cone or a pyramid, where the linear dimensions of the height are significantly larger than the linear dimensions of the bases, that is: Нб≫Lб.

In this case, the device - the safety system contains, as a rule, two flexible cables and they are enough to move in order to be at any point on the surface of a building or structure with the above configuration.

Case 2 (next in complexity). Organization of insurance on buildings or structures, which are figures of a rectangular prism or cylinder, where the height of the building or structure varies in the interval: 0 <On <MS; and the length exceeds the MSH value: La> MSH, La≫Ha - the horizontal dimensions of the building are significantly larger than the vertical ones, where: MSH is the installation step limited by the length of the cables used, the maximum permissible length of which is MSH = 100 m.

Case 3. Nb> MS; Lb <MS; and Lb≪Nb.

In the second and third cases, when performing work, from the organization of worker insurance from 2 to 4 flexible cables are used.

Case 4 (the most difficult when organizing insurance). Buildings or structures are figures of a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid, with the upper base in area larger than the lower base.

This case is described in detail below. In this case, the worker, as a rule, when organizing insurance uses four flexible cables using all the components of the device.

The implementation of the method begins from the moment the worker prepares the device - a safety system, which, with its flexible cables, entangles, like a web, one or another configuration of a building or structure so that a worker with increased reliability and minimal time costs can get to the places of this or that type of repair - construction, installation, restoration and maintenance work on the vertical surface of buildings and structures.

The beginning of the organization of insurance is to tie the safety device in the upper part of the structure, schematically depicted in figure 2, at points 1 and 3, chosen by the worker so that the worker had the opportunity to be at any point where it is necessary to carry out the planned work, on the entire vertical the surface of a building or structure, covered by borders formed by vertical lines drawn from points 1 and 3 down and a horizontal drawn through the same points.

Between points 1 and 3, a horizontal cable 4 is pulled along which the block slides, and another safety cable 4 is hung vertically down from point 2 from it, on which the worker hangs during work.

From points 1 and 3 to the metal structure 5, mounted on the worker, there are also two cables 4, which regulate the position of the worker over the entire vertical surface of the building or structure by moving these cables through the metal structure 5 located on the worker (Fig. 3).

The movement of the cables 4 through the metalwork 5, located on the worker, depends on the desire of the worker to get to one point or another on the vertical surface of the building or structure.

The case is considered when a worker has to use all the nodes of the presented device for insurance, when a worker needs to move from point 5 ₁ (Fig. 4), located in the lower part of the building, to point 5 ₂ , located in the upper part and at some shift to the right. The worker, moving his right hand and right foot along the cable 4, going to block 3, loading it, pulls this cable through Cx-PU in the metal structure 5, mounted on the belt, and does the same with his left hand and left foot along the vertical cable 4, going to block 2, in the hands and feet of the worker, they grasp - lifting units (Cx-PU) included in the safety system, changing, as necessary, the load on the cables from hand to belt. With the help of switches - distributors 5.3, the corresponding cables pass through (Cx-PU) metal structures, the worker moves up to the right.

Depending on what point on the vertical surface of the building or structure it is necessary for the worker, the workers in the metal structure 5 (Fig. 2), mounted on it, are installed in the working position on one or another cable (Fig. 3) or grasping - lifting units (Cx-PU), allowing you to move up the cable, or trigger - clamping nodes (Cn-ZU), allowing movement down the cable.

The metal structure mounted on the worker (Fig. 3) is a series-parallel connection of gripping-lifting units (Cx-PU) 5.2 and trigger-clamping units (Cn-ZU) 5.1, into which you can insert three cables simultaneously passing through the blocks 1, 2 and 3 (figure 2). Depending on what point the worker needs to move to and under what conditions the work is carried out, a corresponding combination of Cx-PU and Sp-ZU is created in the metal structure using the 5.3 switch-distributors, and it is supplemented with 5.4 drums for cable assembly.

When moving down, the working scheme is simplified: in the hands and feet of the worker there is no CX-PU, and only Sp-ZU nodes work on the belt of the worker, and in this case only two cables are used.

In case 1, when a schematic figure of a building or structure is a cone with a peak in the upper part (for example, a pipe, church, ...) with a sharp peak, the number of cables can be no more than two.

In cases 2, 3, 4, when the schematic figure of the building is a truncated pyramid or cone, a cylinder or prism and the upper part of the building is not small in length or width, then four cables are used.

The length of the cables used for work on buildings and structures can allow for one-time assembly of the device - a safety system to carry out work on a vertical surface area of up to 10,000 square meters. m

Using the device - a safety system according to the working scheme in figure 3, the restoration and restoration of the church complex in 1998 on the street. Varvarka at the hotel "Russia", and in 2001 - the new building of the General Post Office and many other buildings and structures.

Claims (2)

1. A method of insurance of a worker in the repair, construction, restoration, installation and maintenance work on the vertical surface of buildings and structures, characterized in that the worker is located on the vertical surface of buildings and structures through a device for insurance - the worker’s safety system, including a worker secured to the belt metal construction, consisting of series - parallel connected launch and lifting units located on the arms and legs of the worker, and connected with bending and cables, in the presence of two or three cables, they pass through the indicated nodes and are fixed in the upper part of buildings or structures, and in the presence of four cables, they are fixed at one end with metal structures, and others pass through the blocks mounted in the upper part of the buildings or structures, return back to the metal structure and pass through its brake and trigger units, controlled by switches - distributors, with the possibility of winding onto drums mounted under the worker’s safety system. 2. A device for insurance - a worker’s safety system in the repair, construction, installation, restoration and maintenance work on the vertical surface of buildings and structures, including a flexible cable, characterized in that it includes a metal structure fixed to the worker’s belt, consisting of series-connected parallel-connected launching devices and lifting units located on the arms and legs of the worker, and connected with flexible cables, in the presence of two or three cables they pass through these nodes and are fixed in the upper part of buildings or structures, and if there are four cables, they are fixed at one end with metal structures, and with the other they pass through blocks mounted in the upper part of buildings or structures, return to the metal structure and pass through its brake and trigger assemblies controlled by switches - dispensers, with the possibility of winding on drums mounted under the worker’s safety system.

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