RU2298206C1 - System for checking safety of nuclear power plant on sunken craft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: checking nuclear reactor for safety to detect potential danger of radiation impact on human beings and environment.

SUBSTANCE: proposed system has water-tight deepwater submersible apparatus incorporating measuring and recording pieces of equipment, as well as gamma-ray detection unit in separate water-tight deepwater capsule. In addition, system incorporates water-tight deepwater container accommodating electric signal switching unit, neutron radiation detection units, nuclear reactor temperature transducers, end-position sensors of reactivity-compensating elements and emergency protection rods, and water sensors for locations of neutron- and gamma-radiation detection units. Each neutron-radiation detection unit and each of mentioned sensors are placed in separate water-tight deepwater capsule and coupled with electric signal switching unit disposed in water-tight deepwater container, with measuring equipment, and with data recording, processing, and transmitting system.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability of system and of data on condition of nuclear reactor under test.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of measurement technology and relates to determining the safe state of a nuclear reactor (subcritical or not) and measuring the density of gamma radiation fluxes and neutron fluxes inside a sunken object in order to assess the state of safety barriers of reactor facilities that determine the potential danger of radiation exposure to personnel involved in works, and possible radioactive pollution of the environment caused by the work.

A known system for monitoring the safe state of a nuclear power plant (NPP) on a sunken object, including a gamma-ray submersible spectrometer and a deep-sea descent vehicle (see "Oceanological research and underwater work at the site of the death of the Komsomolets nuclear submarine, Moscow, publishing house" Nauka, 1996), adopted as a prototype. An immersion gamma radiation spectrometer consists of a gamma radiation detection unit in a separate deep-water sealed capsule with a sealed cable outlet and a meter th recording apparatus and placed in a sealed deep descent apparatus connected to the detecting unit of gamma radiation through regular hermetic terminal and the connector.

However, this complex does not allow to unambiguously determine the state of the reactors (they are muffled or operating at power) and the state of the safety barriers of the reactor installations, as it is located outside the sunken object. In this case, the level of gamma radiation and its spectrum, measured by a gamma spectrometer, strongly depend on the distance from the source of radioactivity to the gamma radiation detection unit due to the good absorption of gamma rays in water. Making measurements difficult also is the fact that all points at which measurements of informative parameters can be taken are located in inaccessible places when the sunken object is on the seabed. In addition, the specified device, in principle, does not provide information about the position of the working bodies of reactivity compensation and emergency protection and, accordingly, the depth of the subcriticality of the reactor. Also, the specified device does not allow to obtain information during the lifting, transportation and docking of the sunken object.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the reliability and reliability of obtaining information about the state of nuclear power plants in order to reduce risk during emergency rescue operations, lifting, transporting and docking of a sunken object.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed complex is supplemented with a deep-water sealed container, in which there is a switching unit for electrical signals, having a sealed terminal with a sealed connector for complex testing of equipment, neutron radiation detection units, temperature sensors for measuring the nuclear reactor, sensors for the final position of the working compensation elements reactivity and emergency protection rods, water sensors in the area of the blocks are detected I neutron and gamma radiation. Moreover, each neutron radiation detecting unit and each of the aforementioned sensors are each enclosed in a separate deep-sealed sealed capsule and connected through sealed leads and sealed connectors to an electrical signal switching unit located in a deep-sealed sealed container, which through sealed connectors and sealed leads in a deep-sealed sealed container, housing the sunken object and the deep-sea descent vehicle is connected with those located in the deep-sea hermetic descent vehicle ate instrumented and connected with it the system of registration, processing and transmitting information. Moreover, each deep-sealed sealed capsule and deep-sealed sealed container are placed in protective devices to protect against fire and from large static and dynamic loads and are placed on a sunken object. The deep-water descent vehicle is made with the possibility of manual and automatic connection with a sealed connector on the body of the sunken object to receive electrical signals from the switching unit, as well as with the possibility of transmitting information received from the sunken object to the receiving devices of emergency services and with the possibility of controlling its measurement equipment and system for the collection, registration, processing and transmission of information by these emergency services.

In addition, a deep-water sealed descent vehicle is mounted on the object and connected to a sealed connector on the body of the sunken object.

The introduction of a deep-water sealed container located inside a sunken object in which an electrical signal switching unit is located, as well as its placement and each deep-water sealed capsule in protective devices to protect them from fire, large static and dynamic loads, can dramatically increase the survivability of electronic and electrical equipment in in case of flooding of the object at great depths and the occurrence of adverse factors in case of fire, in a collision with other objects mi, impact on the ground and explosions of various devices.

The equipment of the container with a sealed terminal with a sealed connector allows for the comprehensive testing of equipment during the operation of the facility.

The introduction of additional means of measuring the neutron flux density and the temperature of the reactor into the control complex makes it possible to more reliably determine the state of the reactor (operating at power or shut off), since the probability of simultaneous failure of all measuring instruments for a common reason is reduced due to different measurement principles, and the inclusion means of determining the final position of reactivity compensation and emergency protection bodies allows us to estimate the value of subcriticality, which is extremely important for Nation prediction reactor behavior, introduction of the sensors in the presence of water above the area of location sensors and detection units of neutron and gamma radiation allows to introduce the corrections for attenuation of ionizing radiation due to absorption in water.

The system of registration, processing and transmission of information allows you to interrogate all measuring instruments, make the necessary calculations, determine the degree of depressurization of the shells of the fuel elements and the primary circuit of the reactor installation, as well as the arrival of the working reactive compensation bodies and emergency protection rods to the lowest position and transmit the received information to reception emergency rescue services devices.

The implementation of a deep-sea descent vehicle, taking into account the possibility of fixing it on a sunken object and replacing it, makes it possible to carry out measurements during its lifting, transportation and docking, and the registration, processing and transmission of information to receivers located on ships of emergency services allows monitoring the status of nuclear power plants at all stages of emergency rescue operations.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a set of monitoring the safe state of a nuclear power plant at a sunken facility.

The complex includes a deep-water sealed descent apparatus 1, located outside the sunken object 2, located inside the object 2, a deep-water sealed container 3, in which the electrical signal switching unit 4 is located. Outside of the deep-water sealed container 3, 4 gamma detection units connected to the electrical signal switching unit are located radiation 5, neutron radiation detection units 6, temperature measuring sensors 7 of a nuclear reactor, sensors of the final position of working bodies reactivity compensation devices and emergency protection rods 8, water presence sensors 9 in the area of the aforementioned detection units 5, 6 (one detection unit 5, 6 and one sensor 7, 8, 9 are shown). Depending on the type of object, the required number of sensors may be different. Each detection unit 5, 6 and each sensor 7, 8, 9 are placed in a separate deep-water sealed capsule 10 with a sealed terminal 11 and connected to the switching unit of the electrical signals 4 using electric cables 12 through sealed connectors 13 and sealed inlets 14 in the deep-water sealed housing container 3. The switching unit of electrical signals 4 using an electric cable 15 through a sealed terminal 16 in the housing of a deep-sea sealed container 3 and a sealed connector 17, through sealed connectors 18 and sealed the output 19 in the body of the object 2, as well as through the sealed connector 20 and the sealed input 21 in the body of the deep-sea descent apparatus 1 is connected to the measuring equipment 22 associated with the system 23 of registration, processing and transmission of information. The switching unit of the electrical signals 4 is also connected through a sealed terminal 24 with a sealed connector 25 for a comprehensive check of the equipment.

Each deep-water sealed capsule 10 and deep-water sealed container 3 are placed in protective devices (not shown) to protect against fire and large static and dynamic loads.

Protective devices for protecting deep-water sealed capsules 10 and a deep-water sealed container 3 from fire of large static and dynamic loads are not shown in the drawing.

A complex for monitoring the safe state of a nuclear power plant at a sunken facility works as follows. After determining the location of the sunken object, a deep-water descent vehicle, in manual or automatic mode, is connected to the airtight connector 18 outside the body of the sunken object 2. At the command of the emergency services, the measuring equipment 22 and the system for recording, processing and transmitting information 23 are turned on, which, in accordance with the specified algorithm the work begins to produce a survey of the measuring equipment 22, register the information received, process it and transmit it to the emergency services.

If the deep-water sealed descent apparatus 1 is mounted on the body of the object 2, then in accordance with the operating instructions of the measuring equipment 22 and the system for recording, processing and transmitting information 23 through the sealed connector 25, a periodic comprehensive check of the equipment is performed.

Claims (2)

1. A complex for monitoring the safe state of a nuclear power plant at a sunken object, including a deep-water sealed descent apparatus, an immersion gamma-ray spectrometer, consisting of a gamma-radiation detection unit in a separate deep-water sealed capsule with a sealed cable outlet, and placed in a deep-water sealed descent apparatus, having regular sealed leads and connectors, measuring and recording equipment, characterized in that it is supplemented by a deep-water sealed to an installer in which an electrical signal switching unit is located, having a sealed terminal with a sealed connector for complex testing of equipment, neutron radiation detection units, temperature sensors for measuring a nuclear reactor, end position sensors for reactive compensation devices and emergency protection rods, water presence sensors in the area of location blocks for detecting neutron and gamma radiation, each block for detecting neutron radiation and each of the above The sensors are each enclosed in a separate deep-sealed sealed capsule and connected through sealed leads and sealed connectors to an electrical signal switching unit located in a deep-sealed sealed container, which is connected through sealed connectors and sealed leads in a deep-water sealed container, the body of the sunken object and the deep-sea descent device to those placed in deep-water sealed descent apparatus with measuring equipment and a recording system connected to it, processing and information transfer, each deep-sealed capsule and deep-sealed sealed container are placed in protective devices to protect against fire and from large static and dynamic loads and placed on a sunken object, and the deep-sea descent vehicle is made with the possibility of manual and automatic connection with a sealed connector on the body of the sunken object to receive electrical signals from the switching unit, as well as with the possibility of transmitting information received from the sunken object to the receiving device the emergency services, and to control its instrumentation and recording system, information processing and transmission of these rescue services. 2. The complex control of the safe state of a nuclear power plant on a sunken object according to claim 1, characterized in that the deep-water sealed descent vehicle is mounted on the object and connected to a tight connector on the body of the sunken object.