RU2297265C2 - Doll carcass - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: doll carcass design, in particular, manufacture of wide range of souvenir and playing dolls.

SUBSTANCE: doll carcass has neck section, shoulder section, spine section, pelvis section, arm and leg sections, said sections being connected with one another. Arm and leg sections are defined by three members movably connected with one another, shoulder, forearm, hand and thigh, shin, foot, respectively. Sections are made from metal wire, with at least neck and shoulder sections, spine and pelvis sections being made from interwoven wires defining loops at peripheral ends of neck, shoulder and pelvis sections. Arm section members, that is, shoulder, forearm, hand, and leg section members, that is, thigh, shin, foot are provided with loops at their ends. Said loops are movably connected with one another and with shoulder and pelvis sections, respectively, through movable "loop-in- loop" connection to form shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee, hip and talocrural joints at conventional articulation zones. Doll carcass of such design allows motions of individual's musculoskeletal system to be fully simulated.

EFFECT: increased entertaining effect due to the possibility of full simulation of human motions, and wider range of dolls.

17 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the design of the doll’s frame and can be used in the manufacture of a wide range of souvenir and play dolls in a variety of costumes and hats.

Dolls with moving arms, legs and heads have long been known, primarily as children's toys, but also as collectibles. These types of dolls were usually made from plastic or other hard material. Due to the structure of the connection between the parts of the doll’s body, or directly within the limbs, such as the elbow or knee, these types of known dolls have limited ranges of movement, position or position. Accordingly, they cannot model many typical actions or positions of real people in everyday life. For example, for many dolls, it is impossible to simulate the real movement of a living person — crossed legs, a bend at the waist, or movements of the hands covering the face or chest. Accordingly, while these types of dolls have reached various degrees of development, the inconvenience remains regarding their limited ranges of movement and position.

Known hinged design of the doll’s frame (US Pat. No. 6074270, claimed 14.08.1998, publ. 13.0.2000), containing a T-shaped element forming the shoulder parts and the spine of the skeleton frame, the corner element forming the hip parts of the frame and pivotally connected to the lower the end of the spine of the T-shaped element, a cylindrical element forming the head part of the frame and pivotally connected to the upper extension of the T-shaped element, and limbs, each of which consists of two rectangular elements, pivotally connected to a friend with a friend. One element of each pair is pivotally connected to the ends of the shoulder parts of the T-shaped element and to the ends of the corner element, respectively. Each node of the articulated connection of the elements of the skeleton-shaped frame is formed by a connecting element consisting of two spherical elements connected by means of a radial bridge and hemispherical cavities made on the end parts of the connected elements.

The disadvantage is the limited flexibility of the hinge structure forming the doll’s frame. In addition, it is a complex device in technological design, requiring special equipment for the manufacture of frame parts, it is difficult for individual execution, for example, at home, it is cost-effective only in mass execution, which is not applicable, for example, for the manufacture of copyrighted dolls in a single copy .

Typically, for the manufacture of individual dolls, a frame made of metal wire is used.

Known doll frame (magazine "Puppet master", No. 3 (5), summer 2004, p. 28), made of several pieces of metal wire, interconnected using insulation tape. Among the shortcomings, it can be noted that this frame and in general frames of this type, firstly, are intended mainly for a static doll, that is, the pose of the doll is given by the author during manufacture and does not primarily change in the future. The bending of the spine, arms and legs in places of conditional joints is carried out only due to the flexibility of the wire. The flexibility of the wire (metal) is of utmost importance, and with prolonged bending and bending, there is the possibility of failure of the frame due to a broken wire. A finished doll with such a frame when bending the wire in the places of the conditional joints does not look quite natural, that is, there is no anatomical similarity to the human body, in addition, the wire does not always bend in the right place, most often bends above or below the anatomical location of the joint. In frames of this type, it is practically impossible to give parts of the doll's frame rotational and rotational movements. Dolls with this frame are not recommended for use in dynamic games, as this can damage the frame due to a broken wire.

The closest analogue adopted for the prototype is the doll’s frame (US Pat. No. 6494763, claimed March 30, 2001, publ. December 17, 2002), which has many sections that are movable relative to each other, interconnected by means of hinged connecting elements that enable the doll adopting a wide variety of positions, including the positions of real people in real life. The joints have sufficient resistance to movement through friction or a stopper, which keeps parts of the doll's body in predetermined positions.

Among the drawbacks of the frame, it can be noted that it is a complex device in technological execution, it seems difficult to perform in individual conditions, it requires expensive materials and expensive technological equipment for the production of dolls. The frame is cost-effective only in mass production, which is not applicable for the manufacture of designer dolls in a single copy. In addition, hinges under adverse circumstances can be broken without the possibility of recovery.

The problem to which this invention is directed is to create a skeleton for a doll with mechanical strength, flexibility, maximally repeating the functions of the musculoskeletal system of a person, fully simulating the movement of the human body, with sufficient resistance to movement to fix parts of the doll's body in predetermined positions, with using inexpensive material, tools and technology that does not require sophisticated equipment, which will allow even in individual conditions to produce and gotovlenie frames for dolls for any purpose (play, art, etc.) kind of growth and in any quantity.

To solve the problem, the doll’s frame, which includes the neck section, the shoulder section, the vertebral column section, the pelvis section, the arm sections containing the shoulder, forearm, hand, leg sections containing the thigh, lower leg, foot, according to the invention, is made of metal wires, and at least the cervical, shoulder sections, sections of the spinal column and pelvis are made of braided wires with the formation of loops at the peripheral ends of the sections of the cervical, shoulder and pelvic.

The metal wire sections are insulated.

The sections of the arms and sections of the legs are formed by three elements, respectively, the shoulder, forearm, hand and hip, lower leg, foot with loops at the ends connected to each other and, respectively, with the section of the shoulder and pelvis through the connection “loop into the loop”, forming in the places of the conditional joints the shoulder , elbow, carpal, knee, hip and ankle joints.

The loop-to-loop connection of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip and ankle joints is made in the form of closed rings passing through each other.

The loop-to-loop connection of the knee joint is made by closing the loop of the lower part of the thigh in the loop of the upper part of the tibia, made elongated and bent by half to form two parallel loops and one loop perpendicular to them. The lower end of the thigh at the start point of the bend of the thigh loop is passed between two parallel loops of the upper leg, and the loop formed on it is passed through one of the parallel loops of the upper leg, covering both parallel loops of the leg, passing in front of the leg, is passed through the second parallel loop of the upper parts of the tibia leading up to the point of start of the bend of the thigh loop located between parallel loops of the tibia, to limit forward bending of the knee joint to a non-physiological position.

The foot is made of one piece of wire and is formed by three loops, namely the loop forming the heel, the loop forming the foot, and the loop forming the stopper preventing the ankle from being bent forward to the non-physiological position, while all three loops are bent in mutually perpendicular planes.

The loop of the foot forming the heel is made in the vertical plane with the transition to the loop forming the foot made in the horizontal plane, the length of which corresponds to the length of the foot. At the point of transition of the heel loop to the loop of the foot, a loop is made - a stopper by bending the wire vertically upwards in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the foot and the plane of the heel, covering the front of the heel loop, preventing the foot from bending forward to a non-physiological position.

The loop-to-loop connection of the ankle joint is made by closing the loop at the lower end of the tibia into a loop forming the heel of the foot.

The shoulder section and / or the pelvic section, and / or the forearm of the arm section are connected to the arm section of the arm and / or thigh, and / or the hand, respectively, by means of an adapter.

The adapter is made in spiral-like coils, with the formation at one end of the loop closed in the loop section of the shoulder and / or pelvis, and / or forearm section of the arm, at the other end of the loop closed in the loop of the shoulder section of the arm and / or hip, and / or brushes.

The adapter can be made with the formation at one end of the turn, equipped with washers, closed in the loop section of the shoulder and / or section of the pelvis, and / or forearm section of the hand, and the loop passes between the washers, at the other end - loop closed in the loop of the shoulder section of the hand and / or hips and / or hands.

The spinal column section and / or neck section is provided with an articulation containing at least one S-shaped link.

The section of the spinal column and / or the neck section is made in the form of a rigid rod formed by coils of wire that are tightly adjacent to each other.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents the frame of the doll, General view.

Figure 2 is the same side view,

Figure 3 - knee joint, view A,

Figure 4 - ankle joint in the elongated toe position,

Figure 5 presents the frame of the doll with the maximum degree of mobility, General view.

Figure 6 is the same side view.

The doll’s frame (Figs. 1-4) contains a neck section 1 woven from one piece of wire, a shoulder section 2, a vertebral column section 3, a pelvis section 4 and elements of the hand sections woven from different pieces of wire - shoulder 5, forearm 6, wrist 7, elements of the foot sections - thigh 8, lower leg 9, foot 10.

Sections of the frame and elements of sections of the frame are movably interconnected by means of loops made at the peripheral ends of the sections, and the elements of the sections are a loop-to-loop connection with the formation of shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee, hip, and ankle joints in the joints.

The loop-to-loop connection of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip and ankle joints is made in the form of closed rings passing through each other.

The shoulder section 2 is connected to the shoulder 5 by the shoulder joint formed by loops 11 and 12 passing through each other. The shoulder 5 is connected to the forearm 6 by the elbow joint formed by loops 13 and 14 passing through each other. The forearm 6 is connected to the wrist 7 by the carpal joint formed by each other through loops 15 and 16. A section of the pelvis 4 is connected to the hip 8 by a hip joint formed by loops 17 and 18 passing through each other.

The knee joint is formed by a loop 19, the lower part of the thigh 8 and the loop of the upper part of the lower leg 9, made elongated and bent twice to form two parallel loops 20, 21 and one loop 22 perpendicular to them. At the same time, an open loop is formed on the lower segment of the wire forming the thigh 8, the open end of which passes between two parallel loops 20 and 21 of the upper part of the lower leg 9, passes through one of the parallel loops 20, passes in front of the lower leg 9, covers both parallel loops 20 , 21, is passed through the loop 21 and brought to the point of start of the bend of the loop 19 of the lower part of the thigh 8, where it is compressed, thereby providing a lock against bending of the knee joint to a non-physiological position.

The foot 10, made of one piece of wire, is formed by three loops, namely the loop 23 forming the heel, the loop 24 forming the foot, and the loop 25 forming the stopper preventing the ankle from being bent forward to the lower leg in a non-physiological position. Moreover, all three loops are bent in mutually perpendicular planes.

A piece of wire forming a foot 10 is bent at one end in a vertical plane into a loop 23, an open loop of a shin 9 enters this loop and is tightened, forming an ankle joint. The other end of the wire, which is a continuation of the loop 23 in the horizontal plane and perpendicular to it, forms a loop 24, the length of which corresponds to the length of the foot. The narrow part of the loop 24 is located at the bottom of the loop 23. Next, the wire bends vertically upward in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop 24, bends vertically downward, passing in front of the loop 23, covering its front part, forming a stopper loop 25, which passes before the ankle joint and prevents the articulation from bending to a non-physiological position, forward to the lower leg.

The volume of motion characterizes the limiting range of motion of the doll’s frame elements relative to each other during the operation of the doll.

The range of motion of the arm in the shoulder joint is in the vertical plane, left - right angle α = 190 °, in the vertical plane, up and down angle Δ = 270 °, in the horizontal plane back and forth is an angle of 350 °.

The range of motion of the arm in the elbow joint is in the vertical plane, left and right angle β = 300 °, in the vertical plane, up and down angle ε = 330 °, in the horizontal plane back and forth angle 350 °.

The range of motion of the hand in the wrist joint is in the vertical plane, left and right angle λ = 300 °, in the vertical plane, up and down angle μ = 330 °, in the horizontal plane back and forth angle 350 °.

The volume of movement of the leg in the hip joint is in the vertical plane, left-right angle γ = 300 °, in the vertical plane, up and down angle φ = 290 °, in the horizontal plane back and forth angle 350 °.

The range of motion of the leg in the knee joint is an angle ω = 150 °.

The range of motion of the leg in the ankle joint is π = 180 °, with an elongated toe τ = 220 °.

In figures 5 and 6 presents the doll frame with a maximum degree of mobility.

In order to increase the mobility and flexibility of the doll in the neck and spine, the neck section and the spinal column section can be equipped with an articulation with an S-shaped link.

The flexible neck section 27 represents one S-shaped link. The number of links may vary depending on the size of the doll. The lower link is included in the loop 28 of the shoulder section 2. The flexible section of the neck allows the doll to bend its head forward, backward, left, right.

The flexible section of the spinal column 29 represents three S-shaped links interconnected. The number of links may vary depending on the size of the doll. The upper link 30 is included in the loop 31 of the shoulder section 2, and the lower 32 in the loop 33 of the section of the pelvis 4. The vertebral joint allows the doll to bend forward, straighten back, bend to the right and left, and rotate the shoulder girdle relative to the pelvic section.

In order to increase the range of motion of the sections of the arms, legs and hands, the doll’s frame is also equipped with adapters connecting the shoulder section with the arm sections, the pelvis section with the leg sections and the arm section with the hands. Adapters can be made in spiral-like coils with a loop at the end, with the formation at one end of the coil equipped with washers, and at the other - loops. All adapters are interchangeable. The choice depends on the modification of the doll.

The pelvic section 4 is connected to the hip 8 by means of an adapter 34 made of spiral-shaped turns, with the formation at one end of the coil closed in the loop 17 of the pelvis section 4, at the other end - of the loop 35 closed in the loop 18 of the leg section.

This adapter can also be used in the connection of the shoulder section and the arm section, as well as in the connection of the forearm and hand.

A section of the shoulder 2 is connected to the section of the arm by means of an adapter 36 formed to form, at one end of the turn, provided with washers 37, closed in the loop 11 of the section of the shoulder 2 passing between the washers 37. At the other end, a loop 38 is formed, closed in the loop 12 of the shoulder 5.

Similarly, in the above example, the forearm is connected to the hand using an adapter with washers. It is also possible to use this adapter in the connection of the pelvis section and the leg section. Washers are made mainly of metal (tin) or a material similar to it in physical properties, for example textolite, and usually round. When choosing the diameter of the washer, the subsequent skin tightening of the frame and the diameter of the adjacent loop of the connection are taken into account to avoid bulging the edges of the washer and form the doll’s body closest to the human body.

This adapter, in comparison with an adapter with spiral-shaped coils, firstly, has smaller dimensions, which suggests using it in more miniature dolls while maintaining the same freedom of movement or when creating female frames in the connection of the shoulder section and arm section to create a more miniature shoulder girdle in comparison with the pelvis, secondly, the presence of washers helps to reduce friction between the hinges of the frame, which gives the frame elements an additional degree of freedom.

When installing any of the adapters, the volume of movement of the frame elements relative to each other increases. In addition to increasing the rotation angles of the frame elements, it becomes possible to perform circular motions in arbitrary directions.

The volume of movement of the arm in the shoulder joint in the vertical plane, left-right, is an angle α = 280 °, in the vertical plane, up and down angle Δ = 360 °, in the horizontal plane, back and forth is an angle of 360 °. Also, as mentioned above, it becomes possible to perform circular motions.

The range of motion of the hand in the wrist joint is in the vertical plane, left-right angle λ = 300 °, in the vertical plane, up and down angle μ = 330 °. Adding an adapter allows the brush to rotate around the conditional axis of the arm 360 ° to the left and right.

The volume of movement of the leg in the hip joint is in the vertical plane, left and right angle γ = 330 °, in the vertical plane, up and down angle φ = 360 °, in the horizontal plane, back and forth angle 360 °. Rotational movements are also possible.

The inventive doll frame may have various modifications.

For the manufacture of doll frames, any metal wire of various diameters is used. In the given examples of specific applications, the frame is made of copper wire with a diameter of 1.5 mm in PVC insulation. The presence of insulation providing friction contributes to a greater degree of fixation of the frame in the required poses. In the manufacture of a wire frame without insulation, the fixing of the wire frame can be achieved in various ways, for example, by harder (tighter) pressing the parts of the connection to each other, by using different gaskets in the moving parts of the connections, by coating the wire with sealant at the junction of the sections , as well as in the manufacture of the doll’s body by casting in the mold into which the frame is placed, and the mold is filled with silicone or another polymer.

To make the doll’s frame, the most simple and accessible tools are used, such as pliers, round-nose pliers, thin-nose pliers, nippers, scissors, metal scissors, etc.

The shaping of the doll’s body in the shape of a human figure is made of a soft and elastic material that covers the wire frame completely, from all sides, which gives the doll an artistic look.

The choice of methods for covering the frame and the materials used depends on the type of doll. The following is one example of a doll carcass skin.

The finished frame is covered with synthetic winterizer (it can be cotton, or with a material similar to it, which, if loose, will allow the formation of volumes of any size), forming anatomical details according to the floor of the future doll. When the body is formed in this way, then the sculptural parts of the doll are performed. The hands and head are molded manually. In the part of the head where it should connect to the body, a cavity is left, into which the neck part of the finished body is then inserted. Self-hardening plastic can be used for stucco parts. You can use any plastic or make porcelain or clay castings that will be attached to the finished body of the doll.

The inventive doll frame in comparison with the prototype has the following advantages:

1. The frame allows you to almost completely simulate the movement of the musculoskeletal system of a person.

2. It is easy to manufacture.

3. The use of inexpensive and affordable materials, tools and technology that does not require special technological equipment allows even in individual conditions to produce frames for dolls of various modifications, of any height and in any quantity.

4. The frame in comparison with the prototype has greater mechanical strength. Such a frame is almost impossible to break. Any deformation associated, for example, with improper transportation or mechanical shock, can be restored without affecting the performance of the frame.

5. This frame in comparison with the prototype has greater flexibility.

6. The constructive combination of sections among themselves can be diverse, which allows you to make a doll of any kind with any degree of mobility, from absolutely motionless to a doll with a maximum degree of mobility, for example, a gymnast doll or a ballerina doll.

7. The movable joints have sufficient resistance to movement through friction or stopper, which ensures the fixation of parts of the doll's body in predetermined positions.

8. This frame can be used for the manufacture of both art, author's dolls, and dolls intended for dynamic games.

9. The introduction of the manufacture of such a framework into the curriculum of various children's institutions focused on the development of children's creativity can contribute both to instilling manual skills and the child’s learning about the structure of the human body.

Claims (17)

1. The doll’s frame, including a neck section, a shoulder section, a vertebral column section, a pelvic section, an arm section, a leg section, the arm sections and leg sections are formed by three movably interconnected elements, respectively, the shoulder, forearm, hand and hip , shin, foot, characterized in that the sections are made of metal wire, and at least the cervical, shoulder sections, sections of the spinal column and pelvis are made of braided wires with the formation of loops at the peripheral ends of the sections and shoulder, and pelvic, while the elements of the arm section — the shoulder, forearm, hand, and the elements of the leg section — the thigh, lower leg, foot, are made with loops at the ends, movably connected to each other and, respectively, with the shoulder and pelvis section through the movable “loop in loop ”, forming in the places of conditional joints the shoulder, elbow, carpal, knee, hip and ankle joints. 2. The doll frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal wire sections are provided with insulation. 3. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the loop-to-loop connection of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip and ankle joints is made in the form of closed rings passing through each other. 4. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the knee-to-loop connection is made by closing the loop of the lower thigh in the loop of the upper part of the lower leg, elongated and bent twice to form two parallel loops and one loop perpendicular to them, In this case, the lower end of the thigh at the beginning of the bend of the thigh loop is passed between two parallel loops of the upper tibia, and the loop formed on the lower thigh is passed through one of the parallel loops of the upper tibia, covering parallel hinge tibia, passing in front shin, is passed through a second loop parallel to the top of the tibia with summing to start point bending thigh hinges situated between the parallel loops tibia, to limit bending of the knee joint in a non-physiological position. 5. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the foot is made of one piece of wire and is formed by three loops, namely the loop forming the heel, the loop forming the foot and the loop forming the stopper preventing the ankle from being bent forward to the lower leg in non-physiological position, while all three loops are bent in mutually perpendicular planes. 6. The doll’s frame according to claim 5, characterized in that the foot loop forming the heel is made in a vertical plane with a transition to the loop forming the foot made in the horizontal plane, the length of which corresponds to the length of the foot, at the transition point of the loop forming the heel in the loop forming the foot, the loop forming the stopper is made by bending the wire vertically upward in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the foot loop and the plane of the heel loop, covering the front of the heel loop, preventing the foot from being forward bent to the lower leg in a non-physiological position. 7. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the ankle-loop connection is made by closing the loop at the lower end of the lower leg into a loop forming the heel of the foot. 8. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the shoulder section is connected to the shoulder by means of an adapter made in spiral-like turns, with the formation of loops on one end of the turn. 9. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the shoulder section is connected to the shoulder by means of an adapter made with the formation at one end of the turn, equipped with washers, at the other end - loops. 10. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the pelvic section is connected to the hip by means of an adapter made in spiral-like turns, with the formation of loops at one end of the turn and at the other end. 11. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the pelvic section is connected to the hip by means of an adapter made with the formation at one end of the turn, equipped with washers, at the other end - loops. 12. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the forearm of the hand section is connected to the hand by means of an adapter made in spiral-like turns, with the formation of loops on one end of the turn. 13. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the forearm of the hand section is connected to the hand by means of an adapter made with the formation at one end of the turn, equipped with washers, at the other end - loops. 14. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the spinal column section is provided with an articulation containing at least one S-shaped link. 15. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the spinal column section is made in the form of a rigid rod formed by coils of wire tightly adjacent to each other. 16. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the neck section is provided with an articulation containing at least one S-shaped link. 17. The doll’s frame according to claim 1, characterized in that the neck section is made in the form of a rigid rod formed by coils of wire tightly adjacent to each other.

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