RU2296837C2 - Method for construction of foundation carrying heavy loads - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction, particularly to erect bridge piers, high buildings, cottages, underground garages and so on.

SUBSTANCE: method for building structure foundation construction by form installation and concreting thereof involves excavating pit having 1-5 m depth; installing cylindrical outer and inner forms, wherein outer form has lower widened part of 5 cm-5 m height, projecting for 1-10 cm and terminating with sharp metal or reinforced concrete tip, inner form has lower widened part with height of not less than outer foundation diameter and with projection located in bottom part thereof; forming concrete body between the forms, wherein as concrete body and form sink in ground under their gravity ground is removed from inner form part at pit bottom; pouring concrete in body interior up to height equal to inner form widening to create lock; arranging embedded members in upper lock part during lock forming for further column erection; filling space around concrete body with earth and compacting thereof by vibratory drilling method. Method for pier foundation erection involves lowering concrete body, preferably shaped as tube, on water body bottom, wherein outer tube surface has lower widened part of 5 cm-5 m height, projecting for 1-10 cm and terminating with sharp metal or reinforced concrete tip, inner tube surface has lower widened part with height of not less than inner tube diameter; removing ground from inner tube part on water body bottom as body sinks in ground under body gravity; connecting the body with screw piles driven in ground from outer body side after body immersion for design depth; pouring concrete inside the body up to height corresponding to widened part height to create lock and arranging embedded members for further column forming in upper body part.

EFFECT: increased ready foundation load-bearing capacity and reliability under high loads applied thereto.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of supports for bridges, high-rise buildings, cottages, underground garages, etc.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of installing the foundation, including the installation of formwork, reinforcement and concreting (patent RU No. 2131496, Cl. E 02 D 20 / 054,1999) / 1 /.

The disadvantages of this method is the use of the obtained foundation only for the construction of underground structures and the inability to use it for the construction of structures that create large loads on the foundation, for example bridges, high-rise buildings, etc.

The technical result, the achievement of which the present invention is directed, is to increase the bearing capacity and reliability of the foundation when exposed to heavy loads.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of installing the foundation under heavy loads, including the installation of formwork and concreting, according to the invention, a foundation pit is excavated 1-5 m deep, cylindrical outer and inner formwork are installed along the edge of the pit, the outer formwork has an expanding section in the lower part height from 5 cm to 5 m and a protrusion width of 1-10 cm, ending with a sharp cylindrical metal tip, the inner formwork in the lower part also has an extension of height n more than one outer diameter of the foundation, and a protrusion is located in the lower part of the extension, a concrete product is formed between the formwork, while as the product with the formwork is lowered into the ground under its own weight, the soil is removed from the inner part of the formwork at the bottom of the foundation pit, after deepening the product to a predetermined depth of the inner part of the product is poured concrete to the height of the expansion of the inner formwork to obtain a castle, when concreting the castle in the upper part, mortgage elements for columns are installed, then from the outside Our products fill the soil and compact the soil around the concrete product with vibration damping.

A concrete product can be formed as follows: reinforcement is installed between the formwork, after installing the reinforcement, concrete is poured continuously from above into the formwork at a speed of 10-15 cm / h, and as the product is lowered into the ground, sections of metal reinforcement are added between the formwork.

The outer formwork may be provided with an external waterproofing coating.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the method of installing the foundation under heavy loads, mainly supports for the bridge, the concrete product in the form of a pipe is lowered to the bottom of the reservoir, the outer surface of the pipe in the lower part has an expanding section with a height of 5 cm to 5 m and a protrusion width of 1 -10 cm, ending with a sharp cylindrical metal or reinforced concrete tip, the inner surface of the pipe in the lower part also has an extension of no more than one outer diameter of the foundation, while the pipe is lowered into the cat lovan, as the product is lowered into the ground under its own weight, the soil is removed from the inside of the pipe at the bottom of the pit, after the product is lowered to a predetermined depth, the product is connected to screw piles screwed into the soil from the outside of the product, concrete is poured into the interior of the concrete product to a height extensions to obtain a castle; when concreting a castle, mortgage elements for columns are installed in its upper part.

The pipe can be made of concrete rings.

The pipe may be made of sections.

A protrusion may be provided at the bottom of the extension.

The method is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the foundation under heavy loads with concrete pouring between formwork.

Figure 2 shows a section of the foundation along aa.

Figure 3 shows a General view of the foundation, which is the support for the bridge.

In Fig.4 - "- an embodiment of the pipe from the rings.

In Fig.5 - "- an embodiment of a pipe from sections.

The foundation contains a cylindrical outer formwork 1 and an inner formwork 2. In the lower part of the outer formwork 1 there is an expanding section 3 with a height of 5 cm to 5 m and a protrusion width of 1-10 cm, ending with a sharp cylindrical metal or reinforced concrete tip 4 located along the entire lower surface expanding section 3 of the outer formwork 1. If necessary, the outer part of the inner formwork is treated with oil, which facilitates the excavation of the inner formwork. The inner formwork 2 in the lower part also has an extension 5 with a height of not more than one outer diameter of the foundation for placement of the lock 6. In the lower part of the expansion 5 there is a protrusion 7, made as a load balancer.

Between the formwork 1 and 2 can be installed reinforcement 8, assembled from sections 9, made in the form of a metal welded template.

Inside the annular foundation before pouring the castle can be installed screw piles 10.

The outer formwork may be provided with a waterproofing coating (not shown in the drawing).

When laying the foundation under the supports for the bridge, a reinforced concrete pipe 11 is installed at the bottom of the reservoir, the outer surface of which in the lower part has an expanding section 3 with a height of 5 cm to 5 m and a protrusion width of 1-10 cm, ending with a sharp cylindrical metal or reinforced concrete tip 4, the inner the surface of the pipe 11 in the lower part also has an extension 5 with a height of not more than one inner diameter of the pipe to accommodate the lock 6, and in the lower part of the extension 5 there is a ledge 7. From the inner part of the pipe 11 at the bottom of the pit they take out the soil, the pipe sinks into the soil under its own weight. After lowering the product to a predetermined depth, screw piles 12 are installed outside the product, the product is connected to the screw piles 12 by fasteners 13. Concrete is poured into the inner part of the foundation after pumping water to the expansion height 5 of the inner formwork to obtain the lock 6. The pipe can be made of rings 14 or sections 15.

When pouring the castle 6 in its upper part set mortgage elements 16 for columns 17.

The method is as follows.

Pre-dig a pit with a depth of 1-5 m, along the edge of the pit establish a cylindrical outer 1 and inner 2 formwork, the outer formwork 1 in the lower part has an expanding section 3 with a height of 5 cm to 5 m and a protrusion width of 1-10 cm, ending with a sharp cylindrical metal or reinforced concrete tip 4. The presence of an expanding section 5 with a sharp tip 4 facilitates the immersion of the foundation in the ground. The inner formwork 2 in the lower part also has an extension 5 with a height of not more than one outer diameter of the foundation for the subsequent pouring of concrete, forming a lock 6. When concreting, the mortgage elements for columns are installed in its upper part.

A concrete product is formed between formwork 1 and 2, while as the product with the formwork is lowered into the ground under its own weight, the soil is removed from the inside of the formwork at the bottom of the foundation pit, after deepening the product to a predetermined depth, screw piles 10 are installed into the inside of the product if necessary (application for the invention “A screw pile, a method of installing a screw pile, a device for screwing a pile and a method of tunneling in an open way using a screw pile”, Cl. E 02 D 29/00, filed with FIPS simultaneously with this application, the author Kozlovich A.V.), / 2 /, and pour concrete to a height of expansion 5 of the inner formwork 2 to obtain a lock 6. Then, from the outside of the product and into the space between the foundation and the foundation pit, fill the soil and compact it around the concrete products by vibration absorption (RU, patent No. 2236503, CL. E 02 D 3/02, 2003) / 3 /.

The concrete product when installing the foundation for ground buildings (high-rise buildings, cottages, garages) is formed as follows. Between formwork 1 and 2, reinforcement 8 is installed, made of sections 9 in the form of a metal welded template, after installing reinforcement 8, concrete is poured continuously from above into the formwork (into the space between formwork 1 and 2) at a speed of 10-15 cm / h and as it lowers products into the soil from above, between the formwork, sections 9 of metal reinforcement 8 are added, when lowering the product to a predetermined depth, concrete is poured into the product to obtain a lock 6. Before pouring the lock 6, if necessary, screw piles 10/2 / are screwed into the product.

When constructing supports for the bridge, a reinforced concrete pipe 11 is installed at the bottom of the reservoir, the outer surface of which in the lower part has an expanding section 3 of a height of 5 cm to 5 m and a protrusion width of 1-10 cm, ending with a sharp cylindrical metal or reinforced concrete tip 4, the inner surface of the pipe 11 in the lower part also has an extension 5 with a height of not more than one inner diameter of the pipe to accommodate the lock 6, and in the lower part of the extension 5 there is a protrusion 7 for the convenience of forming the castle 6.

The pipe 11 is lowered to the bottom of the reservoir, soil is taken out of the inner part of the pipe at the bottom of the reservoir, the product is lowered into the ground under its own weight. After lowering the pipe to a predetermined depth, the product is connected to screw piles 12/2 / screwed into the ground from the outside of the product to prevent ascent. The connection of the product with piles 12 is carried out using fasteners 13. Concrete is poured into the interior of the pipe to an expansion height of 5 to obtain a lock 6.

When pouring the castle 6 in its upper part set mortgage elements 16 for columns 17.

Masonry elements for columns are also installed in the method of pouring the foundation according to claim 1.

Excessive earth formed when lowering the product is constantly removed either manually or using special mechanisms. With the passage of groundwater with a surface installation of the foundation, a hole is drilled in the middle of the pit and water is pumped out.

The choice of sizes is determined by the requirements for the foundation (reliability, strength, bearing capacity), and the geological features of the soil in which the foundation is installed.

The process of continuous concreting with a speed of 10-15 cm / h with a surface installation of the foundation allows you to get a high-quality foundation without microcracks.

The proposed method of installing the foundation allows you to quickly and efficiently lay the foundation for structures that create large loads on the foundation, both during ground construction of the foundation, and when establishing the foundation in ponds during the construction of supports for bridges.

Claims (7)

1. The method of installing the foundation under heavy loads, including the installation of formwork and concreting, characterized in that they pre-dig a pit 1-5 m deep, cylindrical outer and inner formwork are installed along the edge of the pit, the outer formwork in the lower part has an expanding section with a height of 5 cm or more up to 5 m and a protrusion width of 1-10 cm, ending with a sharp cylindrical metal or reinforced concrete tip, the inner formwork in the lower part also has an extension of no more than one outer diameter f base, and a protrusion is located in the lower part of the extension, a concrete product is formed between the formwork, while as the product with the formwork is lowered into the ground under its own weight, the soil is removed from the inner part of the formwork at the bottom of the foundation pit, after the product is deepened to a predetermined depth, the interior of the product is poured concrete to the height of the expansion of the inner formwork to obtain the castle, when concreting the castle, mortgage elements for the columns are installed in its upper part, then the soil is poured from the outside of the product and They compact the soil around the concrete product with vibration damping. 2. The method of installing the foundation under heavy loads according to claim 1, characterized in that the concrete product is formed as follows: reinforcement is installed between the formwork, which is assembled from sections made in the form of a welded metal template, after installing the reinforcement, concrete is poured continuously from the top into the formwork with at a speed of 10-15 cm / h and as the product is lowered into the ground, sections of metal reinforcement are added from above between the formwork. 3. The method of installing the foundation under heavy loads according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer formwork is provided with an external waterproofing coating. 4. The method of installing the foundation under heavy loads, characterized in that when installing mainly supports for the bridge, the concrete product in the form of a pipe is lowered to the bottom of the reservoir, the outer surface of the pipe in the lower part has an expanding section with a height of 5 cm to 5 m and a protrusion width of 1- 10 cm, ending with a sharp cylindrical metal or reinforced concrete tip, the inner surface of the pipe in the lower part also has an extension of no more than one inner diameter of the pipe, while lowering the product into the ground under the soil is removed from the inside of the pipe at the bottom of the reservoir with its own weight, after lowering the product to a predetermined depth, the product is connected to screw piles screwed into the soil from the outside of the product, concrete is poured into the inside of the concrete to the expansion height to obtain a lock, when concreting the castle in the upper part of it sets mortgage elements for the columns. 5. The method of installing the foundation under heavy loads according to claim 4, characterized in that the pipe is made of concrete rings. 6. The method of installing the foundation under heavy loads according to claim 4, characterized in that the pipe is made of sections. 7. The method of installing the foundation under heavy loads according to claim 4, characterized in that a protrusion is located in the lower part of the extension.

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