RU2296284C2 - Horizontal heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: temperature control of rooms being under a heat exchanger.

SUBSTANCE: the horizontal heat exchanger recovering the water heat in the winter time, combining the functions of a coating and a roofing, having partitions carrying steel strings and exterior walls of rammed earth, a coating of two layers of transparent film placed on the strings, the second layer is perforated by holes passing through air bubbles for formation of a bubbly ice covering the water poured on the coating from the bottom of water reservoirs, a spouting chute, as well as a transparent film vapor seal placed under the heat exchanger, and a stack of several layers of transparent thin film.

EFFECT: provided protection of translucent components against ozone, solar and wind destruction and against fire, simplified and made cheaper penetration of the solar energy under the roofing, adjusted rational use of the heat-transfer medium and rain water.

1 dwg

Description

The proposed heat exchanger can be used for temperature control of the rooms located under it, where the heat exchanger performs the functions of coating, roof and light lamps.

The heat exchanger is transparent and transmits sunlight for heating. Between the massive exterior walls of the rammed soil or mud brick premises, prestressed steel strings are stretched, resting on internal partitions. A transparent carrier film with a small layer of waste water from the bottom of the reservoirs is pressed against steel strings. Under the film with strings, air space is created by attaching to the walls and partitions a transparent vapor barrier film with a thermal insulation bag made of transparent films with air layers. The water circulating on the film does not allow low or high outdoor temperatures to penetrate into the space between the carrier film and the thermal insulation bag, preventing the room from reaching zero temperature (freezing points of water). From early spring and autumn, solar radiation entering the room is the main heating factor. In winter, without artificial heating, the temperature of the waste water circulating between the carrier film and the bubbly ice created under the ice crust will remain in the room.

An analogue of the invention is a greenhouse - a heat exchanger developed by the Poltava Institute of Civil Engineering, where the heat of waste water and solar radiation, penetrating into the greenhouse through a hub through optical fibers, and translucent elements installed on the coating with holes are used for heating greenhouses (SU 1454313 A1, 30.01. 1989).

In the invention, automation has been widely used to supply water to the roof and compressed air under translucent elements. In the hot season, waste water through pipelines through nozzles is sprayed on the roof and cools the greenhouse.

Waste water can clog nozzles and requires periodic cleaning. And the water circulating on the roof will cool the greenhouse without spraying it on the roof. Excessive automation increases the risk of failure of the entire heating system. Automation and the supply of solar energy to the greenhouse through optical fibers is unnecessarily complicated and requires considerable labor and material costs during construction and operation. The water on the roof in winter is not isolated from frost, which requires an increase in the cost of waste water. Translucent elements from flexible transparent materials with their tops protrude above the water layer and are subjected to wind, ozone and solar destruction.

The aim of the invention is the introduction of new technology and the elimination of the above disadvantages of the analogue:

- protect translucent elements from ozone, solar and wind damage and from fire;

- to simplify and reduce the cost of penetration of solar energy under the roof;

- adjust the rational use of coolant and rainwater.

The goals are achieved in a horizontal heat exchanger that utilizes water heat in winter, combining the functions of a coating and a roof, and according to the invention, the heat exchanger comprises partitions carrying steel strings and external walls of rammed earth, a coating of two layers of transparent film laid on the strings, the second layer is perforated with holes that allow air bubbles to form bubble ice that covers the water that is poured onto the coating from the bottom of the reservoirs, a water discharge tray, and a heat exchanger disposed under the transparent film, and a vapor barrier package of several layers of transparent thin films.

Thus, the objectives of the invention are achieved:

- by circulating the heat or coolant throughout the roof - a horizontal heat exchanger;

- by arranging grooves covered with mesh bags with crumbs of heat-insulating materials in places where the coolant is drained from one level to another, and when draining waste waste water from the heat exchanger, protection against freezing and cooling of the water raised to the groove is achieved;

- by tipping on anywhere in the heat exchanger conical baskets sheathed with transparent films or plates, protection of places reserved for brighter lighting from snow drift is achieved;

- by injecting air bubbles under the ice crust in the winter, it is possible to create bubble ice on the coolant, which protects the coolant from cooling;

- by lighting the room through a transparent heat exchanger, the external walls are freed from the need to cut through the window openings in them and make it possible to build external walls from cheaper materials such as compacted soil or mud brick.

The physical properties of snow and ice to transmit radiation energy are known. In the Barents Sea, in winter, covered with four-meter ice and a thick layer of snow, unicellular diatom plants develop in the richly fertilized bottom waters of the Gulf Stream, raised here under ice under ice (Even in river waters under the ice, the fish sees the lure of a fisherman.)

Water chilled to +4 degrees drowns, and chilled below floats and turns into ice. Even in thin streams, the water exfoliates and does not freeze. So in the most severe frosts, the water from the bottom of reservoirs and rivers will have a positive temperature.

The drawing shows a horizontal heat exchanger, where prestressed steel strings 2 are mounted on a wall of rammed soil 1, supported by internal partitions 3. Two layers of film are laid on the strings 2. The carrier film 4 is pressed against the strings 2 with a small layer of water 5 and this is fixed to the roof. The second perforated film 6 in winter serves to deliver 7 air bubbles under the ice crust to form bubble ice 8. Strips of a film of small width 9 are welded to the films 4 and 6, forming communication lines on the coating. On such lines it will be possible to transport all kinds of components such as salt water for melting snow on the roof, compressed air for breaking open bubble air when released from it in the spring thaw. On the communication line 9 to the places of the steps of the roof at different levels under the pressure of water, you can pump vertical walls 10 with grooves 11 to discharge water from one level of the roof to another. The grooves 11 are formed by pressing vertical walls 10 with a strap 12 from a film to films 4 and 6, are insulated with mesh bags 13 filled with crumbs of heat-insulating materials that insulate thin streams of water in the grooves in winter.

The operation of a horizontal transparent heat exchanger can be carried out even with a small difference in the temperatures of the outdoor air and the coolant. The lighting of the rooms under the transparent heat exchanger is not tied to the windows of the exterior walls. The area of land with free space between the houses allocated for the construction of a five-story building is equivalent in terms of usable area to the construction under the proposed horizontal heat exchanger. All rooms under the heat exchanger can be illuminated by the sun during the whole day. The coating from a horizontal heat exchanger is several times lighter than reinforced concrete coatings and allows you to build load-bearing partitions from cheaper materials such as mud bricks or gypsum panels. During the construction of facilities with explosive production with such light coatings during an explosion, the walls separating neighboring workshops do not destroy the force of the explosion will be directed towards the least resistance to the coating. In case of earthquakes and other extreme situations, the coating can only be threatened by a rupture of the carrier film with a downpour into the room of water or bubble ice with a density of snow.

Under the proposed heat exchanger, houses such as American plywood houses can be placed, but with plasterboard walls and a roof with lighting in front of windows to protect bubbly ice 8 from snow drifts by conical baskets 14 wrapped in transparent film or glazed.

Under the strings 2 and the vapor barrier film 15, air space is left to accommodate the film ventilation sleeves 16. In order to maintain heat from solar heating, a packet of films 17 of transparent thin films with air gaps is stretched over the vapor barrier 15. The preliminary tension of the steel strings 2 is achieved by tightening the strings by the loop 18 and is fixed on the washer 19 by flattening the tube 20.

Claims (1)

A horizontal heat exchanger that utilizes the heat of water in winter, combining the functions of a coating and a roof, characterized in that the heat exchanger contains partitions carrying steel strings and external walls of rammed earth, a coating of two layers of transparent film laid on the strings, the second layer being perforated openings that allow air bubbles to form bubbly ice, which covers the water that is poured onto the coating from the bottom of the reservoirs, the water discharge tray, and also the prozra located under the heat exchanger a clear film vapor barrier and a package of several layers of a transparent thin film.