RU2039860C1 - Device for cooling of building ground base and its protection from corrosion caused by atmospheric precipitation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: device has air ducts with plenum and exhaust standpipes at its ends. Plenum standpipes are located round the building and painted white, and provided with caps protecting them from precipitation, wind catchers and devices for their opening and closing. Exhaust standpipes are located inside building and brought out through roof to atmosphere. They are fastened to building walls and communicated with building natural ventilation pipes, and provided with caps protecting them from precipitation, deflectors, wind catchers and devices for their opening and closing. Section of exhaust standpipes brought out to atmosphere is painted black. Air ducts are combined under building into chamber. Chamber is opened from below and covered from atop with heat insulating foundation floor of building. Suspended inside chamber is horizontal partition separating air current. Channels beyond the building are made of layers of nontransparent glass-reinforced plastic or plastic material fastened to frame. Air spaces are formed between layers. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of construction and operation of villages, cities, various objects and can be used to protect soils and foundations of structures in areas of various sizes and configurations from the thermal, erosive and chemical effects of precipitation, for intra-year stabilization and lowering the temperature of extended massifs of soil below average annual air temperature, creating or maintaining permafrost in temperate and polar climates without the expense of artificial energy sources.

Known liquid, vapor-liquid and air coolers of natural environments and objects [1]
The general disadvantage of vapor-liquid (PZHOU) and liquid soil coolers (ZhOU) is the locality of action and low economic efficiency due to the high energy intensity and material consumption. In addition, these plants are not environmentally friendly. Air cooling units (HEU) are environmentally friendly, but in the proposed options are technically ineffective, because in their structural embodiments and inventions all the mechanisms leading to the maximum use of resources for soil cooling have not been used. Forced ventilation with the help of various mechanical devices does not give any noticeable effect in comparison with HEU, which is established experimentally. This is due to the peculiarities of heat transfer between the atmosphere and the body with a rough surface: at any velocity of gas flowing around such a body, there is a boundary layer with slow-moving air in which the temperature gradients remain almost constant.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is the foundation of structures erected on permafrost soils, which includes a pillow of bulk material with air ducts placed in it pipes, each of which is made at the ends with inlet and higher in height exhaust risers, located respectively around the building and internal with roof outlet to atmosphere [2]
The disadvantage of this device is the absence of a year-round cooling cycle. In the summer, a cushion of porous material is a heat conductor, since it is not thermally insulated, and therefore the cooling effect is sharply reduced and can be reduced to zero. In addition, all factors for constant air circulation in one direction were not used, including building heat, and the contact area of pipes with soils is small.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of soil cooling throughout the year, to increase the stability of the temperature regime of soils under cyclic climate variations or man-made impacts and to exclude the thermal, mechanical and chemical effects of atmospheric precipitation on soils.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for cooling and anti-erosion protection of the soil from atmospheric precipitation of the soil base of buildings, including air ducts, each of which is made at the ends with the supply and exceeding the last in height exhaust risers located respectively around the building and inside it with a conclusion through the roof to the atmosphere, the channels are combined under the building into a continuous chamber open from below and blocked from above by a thermally insulated basement of the building, inside of which horizontally zmeschena suspended by rods struerazdelitelnaya thin partition with a central opening. Outside the building, the channels are formed by a coating of racks and horizontal beams fixed on the frame from layers of opaque, mainly white, smooth or shaped fiberglass or plastic with the formation of air layers between the layers and are made of sections open from below. Exhaust risers are attached to the walls of the building and communicated with pipes for natural ventilation installed in the building, the upper end of which is led into the hole formed in the exhaust risers above the upper ceiling of the building. Exhaust risers are equipped with rain hoods, deflectors, jet ring grips for directing air jets upwards and automatic rotary devices for opening and closing exhaust risers operating in winter and summer and in the area removed from the building, which are operated by natural resources, are painted black. Supply air risers are equipped with rain hoods, ring annular wind grips for directing air downward and automatic turning devices for opening and closing supply air risers, which are open and closed in winter and summer, using natural resources and are painted white.

 In FIG. 1 shows a device for cooling and anti-erosion protection from atmospheric precipitation of the soil base of buildings; in FIG. 2, section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 rotary locking mechanism.

 A device for cooling and anti-erosion protection from atmospheric precipitation of the soil base of buildings includes air ducts located respectively around the building and inside it, which are combined into a continuous chamber open from below and blocked from above by a thermally insulated basement of the building, outside the building, the chamber is covered by a screen-coating 1 from opaque predominantly white, smooth or profiled fiberglass or plastic with the formation of air layers between the layers 2. Coating azmescheno on a frame 3 to which the gain for the middle part of the rack 4 are attached by fasteners 5.

 The channels are made of open bottom sections. The top of the channel of each section outside the building should be curved towards the middle and have a groove 6 for drainage of liquid atmospheric precipitation through it. Overflow channels are arranged at the edges of the section along the long axis with the discharge of the chamber dimensions to create a continuous flow of water outside the area protected from precipitation. In the middle part of the side surfaces of the section, elements 8 are arranged for their connection and tight fit to each other.

 Along the short axes of the sections, one suction rectangular channel is arranged on one of the edges in the form of a vertical part of the screen, at the top of which inside on a horizontal rod 9 there is a lid-valve 10, which is located vertically in winter, which allows air intake, and in summer, the opening of the suction channel overlaps horizontally this valve cover. This is done manually or with an automatic swivel attached to the narrow wall of the suction channel. A round pipe 12 of white material with slots for an annular pressure head tapering to the inner wall of the wind gripper 13, directing the downward air stream, is mounted above the lower part of the suction rectangular channel by means of a fastener 11. Above the pipe 12 on thin racks 14 hang the lid 15 to protect against atmospheric precipitation. That part of the suction pipe, on which there are pressure head windbreaks with pipes down, should always be above the snow surface.

 The air outlet part of the multilayer continuous horizontal screen in the form of a rectangular hole is located under the center of the building 19 with the pile base 25, and then goes under the basement with a heat-insulating layer 20.

 Round rectangular pipes 16 made of black material with slots for installing annular wind grippers 17, directing the air flow upward under the pressure of the wind with the help of narrowing tubes, are obligatorily placed on rectangular air pipes. Round air exhaust pipes end with deflectors 18.

 In order to reach the center of the site with circulating air and remove ground heat under the building under the building, a jumper 21 is made of any airtight material, which is held by pendants 27 attached to the basement.

 Air leaves the underground in the form of flat pipes up to the ceiling of the last floor (the number of which is determined by calculation) and is additionally heated from the walls of the building. The vertical part of the screen pipes along the walls of the building is fastened with bolts-ties 28 and rests on piles 24.1 and 24.2.

 From the premises of the building, through the system of natural exhaust ventilation 22, warm air enters the upper part of the screen-vent through the opening under the ceiling of the upper floor 23, creating additional traction to existing mechanisms. A black pipe 16 is installed above the common opening of the exhaust duct from the screen and the building’s natural ventilation, ending in the deflector 18. This gives another draft for air through the screen and underground under the building. Thanks to such a multifactor mechanism in winter, continuous directional air circulation is provided with a temperature equal to the temperature of the surface atmosphere at the inlet.

In summer, both the inlet and outlet air channels are blocked by partitions 10 due to the action of the automatic rotary device. Calculations and experiments show that, under such a system of heat transfer and heat protection foundation soils average temperature is 3-5 ^{° C} lower than the average annual air temperature, and the seasonal downtime is reduced to 0.3-0.5 m.

 Since such an effect is achieved, in particular, due to the exclusion of air ventilation under the screen in the summer, we give a description of an automatic rotary device operating at the expense of natural resources.

 The automatic rotary device consists of a hydrophobic material with a broadening in the upper part 29, filled with water 30, the reserves of which are replenished from the atmosphere during the warm period. In the cylinder of the calculated length is a piston 31 with small holes 32 on the side for the influx of water under it. Below the piston there is a limiter in the form of a thickening of the wall 33, which does not allow the tightening springs 34 to precipitate it below a predetermined level. The piston 31 is connected through a hinge with a stiff vertical rod 35, which in turn is connected with a movable up and to the right (left) horizontal stiff rod 36 having stops 37. The horizontal movable rod 36 is rigidly connected to the tightening springs 34, which are rigidly fixed to the other end frame 38. In the upper part of the frame there are holes 39 for free movement up-down and left-right of the rod 37.

 The rod 35 through a hinge device is connected to a lever 42, rigidly mounted on the bolt 41, which is also pivotally connected with the long arm 32 to the bolt 32, which is embedded tightly into the valve cover 9.

 The bolt 32 exits from the suction channel or the air outlet channel through the hole 43 through which it moves for a year. The entire rotary device is attached to the exhaust or inlet ducts with bolts 40.

 In the summer period, the position of all working parts of the rotary device is indicated by a solid line, in winter by a broken line.

 The device operates as follows.

 After freezing of water 30 in the cylinder 29, the ice expands and occupies a larger volume due to the lack of communication with the walls of the cylinder. Due to the hydrophobicity of the material of the cylinder 29, the piston 31 is moved to the upper position, and after it through the system of the rod 35 and the lever 42, and the bolt 32, the valve cover 10 is in a vertical position, allowing air to flow freely under the screen 1. In summer, the ice melts, due to whereby the springs 34 return the piston 31 and the entire rotary device system to the summer state, when the cover-valve is in a horizontal position and closes the opening of the suction and air outlet channels. Evaporated water by the end of summer again fills the entire cylinder and the cycle repeats again. Excess water that has accumulated above the piston is pushed out of the cylinder during freezing and falls down. The proposed technical solutions can ensure the sustainable operation of buildings and structures in the temperate and polar climatic zones, where they are designed according to the first principle in the field of permafrost, or with their help it is possible to create artificial permafrost and transfer the functioning of natural and technogenic landscapes from the regime thawing of soils in the mode of occurrence of perennial stable permafrost soils. In connection with the observed and possible climate warming, the invention can find the widest application.

 The economic effect in this case will amount to many millions of convertible currencies, since the invention is purely environmentally friendly, relatively technologically advanced for manufacturing, does not require artificial energy sources during operation, although the effects of the proposed devices can be measured for decades without repair due to the use of materials resistant to destruction.

Claims (1)

 DEVICE FOR COOLING AND ANTI-EROSION PROTECTION AGAINST ATMOSPHERIC SEDIMENTS OF THE GROUND GROUND OF BUILDINGS, including air ducts, each of which is made at the ends with the supply and exceeding the last in height exhaust risers placed respectively around the building and inside it, with the outlet through the roof to the atmosphere that the channels are combined under the building into a continuous chamber open from below and blocked from above by a thermally insulated basement of the building, inside of which a suspended by means of thin rods, a jet separating partition with a central hole, and outside the building, the channels are formed by a coating of racks and horizontal beams coated with layers of opaque, mainly white, smooth or profiled fiberglass or plastic, forming air layers between the layers and made of sections open from the bottom, and exhaust risers are attached to the walls of the building and communicated with pipes for natural ventilation installed in the building, the upper end of which is wound up into the hole formed in the exhaust risers above the upper floor of the building, while the exhaust risers are equipped with protective caps against ingress of precipitation, deflectors, jet ring wind grips for directing air jets up and automatic rotary devices for opening and closing the exhaust risers, acting due to natural resources, respectively, in winter in summer and in the area removed from the building, they are painted black, and the supply pipes are equipped with protective caps against rainfall, jet vetrozahvatami rotating arm for directing air jets downwards and acting from natural resources automatic rotary devices for opening and closing the air supply risers in winter and summer, and painted white.

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