RU2294634C2 - Method for cultivating of mussels in bioculture in coastal zone of northern seas - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fish industry, in particular, marine culture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cultivating mussels in coastal zone of Northern seas in rearing pond enclosure farm together with salmon family fish; forming collectors as strips of cloth 3 m long and 30 cm wide; providing lower side of strip with load having weight sufficient for dipping of collector; using constructions of floating platform of rearing pond enclosure as collector carriers; performing stationary fixing of collectors for collecting of mussels spat on outer and inner sides of platform during period of from June to September, said collectors being spaced apart from one another by distance of about 1 m; dipping collectors to 0.5-1.0 m depth from water surface; cultivating mussels settled on collectors without changing position of collectors in two or three year cycle depending on product processing plans; on termination of set cycle, harvesting mussels yield, preferably at the end of May or in June.

EFFECT: provision for biological productivity of mussels, improved quality of resultant product, substantially improved conditions for cultivation of salmons and improved ecological situation in the region of setting of rearing pond enclosures since mussels are active filtrates.

5 dwg, 10 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the fishing industry, specifically to mariculture.

The natural resources of traditional fishing facilities in the oceans have recently become increasingly limited. The lack of real opportunities to increase the catch of fishing facilities contributed to the emergence of a new direction, called aquaculture - an artificial increase in the productivity of water bodies, including marine - mariculture.

The advantages of mariculture are based on lower energy costs compared to the fishery, proximity to coastal processing complexes, lack of dependence on the raw material base, and the ability to deliver stable quality products to the markets in any season of the year.

As a result of cultivation of various objects, such conditions are created under which the collection and processing of the resulting products is cheaper than the field.

It is well known that the mussel biomass obtained on artificial substrates significantly exceeds that of natural populations at the same time.

Bivalve commercial mollusks - mussels are one of the widely cultivated objects around the world, which is explained by the comparative simplicity of their cultivation and high nutritional value of meat.

Mussels lead a sedentary lifestyle, facilitating their collection and reducing the economic costs of growing compared with mobile forms of invertebrates.

Being filtrators, they have short food chains and are capable of producing a greater amount of protein per unit area than other species with higher trophic levels.

The ability of mussels to grow on natural and artificial substrates is actively used in their cultivation.

Among mollusks, the mussel mariculture takes the first place, as it has the lowest cost and the highest yield.

One of the means used in industry for optimizing the mariculture of bivalve mollusks in order to increase their growth rate and productivity is the cultivation of mussels in polyculture.

A known method of growing mussels in biculture with White Sea kelp (Makarov, 1987. The growth of White Sea kelp sugars in biculture - kelp-mussel // Commercial algae and their use. - M .: VNIRO. S.10-15). The way is simple. On plantations of kelp, collectors with mussels are hung out and grown in one technological cycle.

The known method according to patent No. 2149541, which provides for the cultivation of mollusks in polyculture with algae and crustaceans (Pat. 2149541 of the Russian Federation, IPC ⁷ A 01 K 61/00. A method of growing hydrobionts in polyculture // Maslennikov SI, Kashin I.A. ; applicant and patentee Institute of Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - 98113210/13; application. 06.07.98; publ.

Young mollusks at least three months old are placed in cages, fixed on a rope and placed in the sea in an open water area below the boundary of the summer thermocline for collecting and growing crustacean larvae, hydrobionts are grown until the mollusk reaches commercial size, then the crustacean larvae are released into natural habitat and collection of mollusks.

In addition, streamers with seedlings of brown algae are fixed on the rope.

Cages with mollusks immediately after being placed in the sea are kept in the bottom layers of water for 3-10 days in a grouped form, after which cages are spread over the entire horizon of the water column used.

Growing in polyculture creates conditions that mimic a natural ecological niche for settling of larvae and the development of juvenile mollusks and crustaceans.

This is ensured by the creation of a temporary habitat, which is formed when cages with mollusks are placed in the aquatic environment. On cages, a primary (pioneer) fouling community develops, whose organisms serve as a substrate for sedimentation of larvae and food for young crustaceans. There are no predators in the pioneer fouling community.

Cages are shelters that allow the settling crustacean larvae to survive. The metabolites of mollusks stimulate the development of meiofauna, which are natural foods for larvae and juvenile crustaceans.

By filtering water for nutrition, reducing the concentration of suspended particles in water, mollusks improve the conditions for the existence of juveniles, facilitating the breathing of crustaceans.

Co-cultivation with algae creates an additional substrate for the sedimentation of larvae of crustaceans and mollusks and a refuge for the development of juveniles, allows you to get valuable commercial products, reducing its total cost.

Known experience in the cultivation of shellfish and fish in protected marine conditions for scientific purposes (Acc. Application Japan, NKI 8 V 331. Device for artificial breeding of fish and shellfish / Sedze Takao, Yamaguchi Deisaburo. - No. 12969-61; declared. 11.01.1961; published March 26, 1963, Fisheries, Issue 32, Japan, MPX USSR, Head Patent Office of the Republic of Poland, Riga, 1983). In the experiment, successful cultivation in polyculture of Japanese mackerel, juvenile yellow-tailed lakerda and isaki in a breeding tank with replaceable sea water and artificially created living conditions was carried out.

The experience of growing mussels in the conditions of East Murman allows us to recommend the lips of East Murman for cultivating mussels (Experience in growing mussels on Norwegian collectors in the Dalnezelenetskaya Bay. Zhuravleva NG, Zenzerov BC, Makarov MV, Pettersen V., Pakhomova N.A. (MSTU, Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lofoten company for the cultivation of mollusks, Norway / Materials of All-Russian Science and Technology Conference "Science and Education - 2003" part IV, Murmansk, 2003. - Pages 53-55).

In practice, the method of hanging mariculture is widely used. It is based on the use of carriers for artificial substrates that are constantly on the surface of the water and mounted on anchors.

This method has been improved and introduced into production as the "longlines" method.

The mussel farm in this case is a series of lines consisting of a carrier of artificial substrates (rope), fixed at its ends with anchors and supported on the surface by a series of buoys. Substrates are suspended from carrier ropes.

Using these efficient lines has the following benefits:

they are cheaper than cultivation by raft method, easier to manufacture and operate, resistant to wind and wave effects. Such lines can be placed in more open areas, where the conditions for the growth of mussels are better due to more intense water exchange.

It was found that the growth rate of mussels in the water column during cultivation is three times higher than the growth rates of juveniles in the littoral.

While maintaining the basic principles for each specific water area, certain modifications of biotechnology must be created that contribute to the optimization of the mussel mariculture in certain natural conditions.

The living conditions of mussels in the northern seas are very peculiar and in many respects differ from those for other water areas.

Significant summer heating of the surface layers of water to depths of about 30 m has a beneficial effect on the mussel population; here, in comparison with other seas, they have fewer food competitors, enemies, and parasites, which facilitates cultivation.

The negative factors include the ice regime, for example. White Sea - many months of winter water cooling down to subzero temperatures and desalination due to melting ice.

Mussel - the mollusk Mytilus edulis L., is widespread throughout the White Sea from the middle littoral to the middle sublittoral.

In coastal waters near the northeastern border of the White Sea range, mussel is found almost everywhere, but mass clusters - mussel banks - form on the littoral only in those places that are protected from the action of waves and ice movement, where there are favorable conditions for their development according to the hydrological regime and food security.

Mussels begin to spawn at a temperature of 7 ° C. The period of mussel larvae sweeping has a considerable length, since individuals of different mussel populations located at different depths sweep gametes at one time. As a result of this, the periods of sedimentation of juvenile mussels on substrates are extended.

The maximum subsidence (10-16 thousand ind. Per m per day) is preceded by the temperature (17-17.5 ° C) of water. Mussels with the help of byssus are fixedly attached to the substrate and to each other in the form of drusen, their fecundity is extremely high, they easily tolerate significant fluctuations in salinity and water temperature.

Studies have shown that in each season there is always a sufficient number of larvae in plankton to ensure complete settlement of plantation substrates.

In different habitats, the number of mussel subgenerations will not be the same, but early and late subgenerations will always be present.

This is one more advantage of organizing a mussel mariculture in the coastal zone of the northern seas, for example, on the White Sea: there is no need to create special so-called brood stocks.

Taking into account the peculiarities of the White Sea, the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation proposed an original biotechnology for mussel cultivation using the method of sliding substrates, which made it possible to regulate in depth the position of artificial substrates populated by mollusks in order to create optimal conditions for their cultivation (Kulakovsky E.E., Kunin B.L. Biological basis of mussel mariculture in the White Sea. In a series: Study of the fauna of the seas. Issue 50 (58). St. Petersburg, 2000. - P.168).

However, ten years of experience in growing mussels in the White Sea revealed a number of shortcomings in this technology. On an industrial scale, the transfer of a large number of substrates from summer to winter is almost impossible due to the high complexity of the process.

Cultivation of mussels in a monoculture has been successfully introduced into production, but in order to increase the efficiency of the work of marifermas, it is advisable to grow hydrobionts in polyculture.

The proposed method allows to increase the efficiency of the mariferm.

Preliminary experiments performed on a cage farm in recent years have shown that in the coastal zone, for example, the White Sea, mussels can be successfully cultivated in biculture with fish from the salmon family (rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon, brown trout, etc.).

Currently, rainbow trout is the most promising object of cultivation in high latitudes.

The Murmansk region has unique opportunities for the development of industrial salmon mariculture: several thousand tons of salmon trout can be grown in the lips and bays of the Barents and White Seas.

The biotechnology of seasonal trout cultivation in the White Sea coast, where the salinity of the water rarely exceeds 25%, has already been basically developed (N.K. Vorobyova, 1995).

Economic calculations have shown that a fish farm in the coastal zone of the northern seas, producing 30 tons of marketable products, can already be profitable even at fairly high prices for feed and planting material (Features of trout cultivation in the Murmansk region. Vorobyova N.K., Pestrikova L. I., Lazareva MA (PINRO) / Thesis report VIII region, scientific and practical conference "Problems of the study of rational use and protection of natural resources of the White Sea. April 16-18, 2001 Belomorsk, Republic of Karelia - pp. 203-209).

The proposed method for the cultivation of bivalve mussel mussel in biculture with fish of the salmon family is as follows.

The cultivation of mussels is carried out in the coastal zone of the northern seas on a cage farm together with fish of the salmon family. The collectors are made in the form of strips of a shared canvas 3 m long and 30 cm wide, the lower side of the delhi is supplied with a load whose weight is sufficient to deepen the collector. As carriers of collectors, designs of a floating cage platform are used, from the external and internal sides of which, from June to September, collectors for collecting mussel spate are fixed stationary at a distance of about 1 m from each other and immersed to a depth of 0.5-1.0 m from the water surface. Mussels that have settled on the collectors are cultivated without changing the position of the collectors, in a two- or three-year cycle, depending on the tasks set for processing the products, and at the end of the established cycle, a mussel crop is harvested, mainly at the end of May-June.

On a floating construction platform platform of a cage farm for growing salmon, established in the coastal zone of the sea, artificial substrates - collectors are suspended from the external and internal sides at a distance of about 1 m from each other.

The collector is a strip 3 m long and 30 cm wide, made of old shared fabric or old nylon ropes (if using new materials, they should be soaked for at least a month in sea water).

Such a size and arrangement of collectors does not violate the intensity of water exchange in trout cages.

As a burden for deepening, fairly heavy objects can be used, for example stones and other improvised materials, which are fixed on the lower end of the strip of the cutting canvas.

To create the most favorable living conditions for mollusks, the substrates are immersed to a depth of 0.5-1.0 m from the water surface and in this position are left for the entire cultivation period, which reduces the complexity of the process.

Such a depth of immersion of the collectors will be optimal in any period of cultivation of mollusks. It is taken into account that, firstly, because of the severe ice regime, there is a strong desalination of the surface layers and many months of cooling down to negative temperatures of the White Sea waters, fresh water is located in a rather large layer above sea water, practically not mixing with it, and when exposed fresh water mussels lead a passive mode of existence, which depletes them greatly, and secondly, the layer of surface water heated in summer is small - to a depth of not more than 30 m and a four-meter layer in which the mid and, will always have a temperature range (9.5-17.5 ° C), the most favorable for the nutrition and growth of mollusks. This layer is also well aerated.

The proposed depth of immersion of the collectors is optimal not only from this point of view, but also for sedimentation of the larvae, since their maximum subsidence (up to 95%) occurs in the layer from 0 to 3 m, and in the future a sufficient forage base will be provided to the larvae.

At the same time, organic substances - waste products of trout - additionally create an environment for the development of microflora and phytoplankton, increasing the "fodder" of the environment for mussels - these active filtrates, which, ultimately, increases the productivity of mussels not only compared to mussels from natural cans, but also with mussels cultivated in monoculture.

By filtering water for nutrition, reducing the concentration of suspended particles in the water, the mollusks significantly improve the living conditions of salmon (fish) and the ecological situation in the area of the installation of the farms as a whole.

Obviously, the joint cultivation of these aquatic organisms is mutually beneficial.

In addition, the design of the farm platform and its cages protect the collectors from wave action, which contributes to the preservation of the crop.

During the autumn-summer period, from 100 to 400 thousand ind. juvenile mussels. Settled mussel juveniles are cultivated without changing the position of the collectors for several years - two- and three-year cycles, depending on the goals for processing products.

In the process of cultivation, self-regulation of the number of mussels occurs.

Mussels that have settled on the collectors are not exposed to ebbs that periodically drain the littoral populations of mussels and entail a corresponding interruption in food intake. Mussels on the substrates are constantly in a warm, well-aerated layer of water, the thickness of which was taken into account when determining the sizes of collector substrates for the cultivation of mollusks.

At the age of 2 years, the mussel crop is 15 kg, 3 years - 16-20 kg of mussels from one collector 3.0 × 0.3 m in size.

Harvested mussels are harvested at the end of the established cycle, mainly at the end of May-June, before the start of spawning of mollusks, when they contain the largest amount of quality meat.

When growing mussels for food purposes, the cultivation duration does not exceed three years: at this age, mussel larger than 50 mm prevails on the collectors.

If the mussel harvest is directed for medical purposes, then the mussel can be cultivated for two years, at this age the total biomass of mussels on the collector is almost the same as the mussels of three years, but the number of marketable mussels does not exceed 10-15%.

Joint cultivation of mussels and fish of the salmon family:

- helps to increase the productivity of mussels, the meat yield with this method is higher not only in comparison with mussels from natural cans, but also with mussels cultivated in monoculture;

- Reduces by one year (three years instead of four) the period for obtaining marketable mussels for food purposes;

- contribute to improving the environmental situation in the area where trout farms are established, since mussels are active leachates;

- helps to increase the profitability of mariferm.

On photographs illustrating an example implementation of the method, are presented: in Fig. 1 - cage marifer in the Palkin Bay of the White Sea; figure 2 - collector with yearlings of mussels; figure 3-garland of mussels from the collector; figure 4 - size composition of mussels on a collector installed in 2000; figure 5 - appearance of cooked mussel meat.

An example implementation of the method.

The work was carried out in May-October 2000-2003. in the area of the PINRO cage farm in the Palkin Bay of the White Sea (Fig. 1), on which salmon were raised - rainbow trout. Collectors for collecting settling juvenile mussels (spatha) were exhibited on the farm three times: June 11, July 3 and July 30, 2000. At the same time, collectors were exhibited in 2001 and 2002.

The results achieved at the marifer farm were compared with the results obtained from the cultivation of mollusks in monoculture and in natural conditions (wild mollusks).

In total, under the platform of the cage farm, from the external and internal sides, at a distance of about 1 m from each other, 90 collectors were suspended, 30 at a time.

The collectors were sections of a used net cloth 3 m long and 30 cm wide (from old trout cages from Delhi with a mesh of the same size and the same thickness of the thread).

One side of the collector panel was fixed to the structure of the farm platform, and the load was attached to the other.

The collectors were submerged to a depth of 1.0 m from the surface of the water.

During the entire cultivation period, the position of the collectors was not changed.

In October 2003, all collectors were visually checked for subsidence of juveniles, and samples were taken from the three most typical for each batch.

The sample was a piece of lobar tissue cut from the front of the collector.

First, all settled mussel juveniles were first removed from this sample and weighed on an Sartorius PT 200 electronic precision balance accurate to the second digit. Then, in 3-4 samples, the number of juveniles was determined in 1 g, and then, by recounts, the number of juveniles was determined first on the area of the cut area, then on the area of the entire collector. A total of 10 samples were processed.

The analysis showed that on collectors suspended in June, the number of settled juveniles in some cases was on average longer than on collectors exposed in August, the sedimentation period of juveniles on a substrate is extended, juveniles are grouped in subgeneration, individuals of which differ in size ( Table 1).

The data obtained confirm that intensive subsidence of juveniles on collectors is observed throughout the summer and a stable population of their mussel juveniles averages more than 100 thousand specimens. the collector is guaranteed, so you can install the collectors from June to September. The indicated number of settled juveniles is quite sufficient for further productive cultivation of mussels, which is clearly demonstrated in figure 2.

The size and age composition of mussel settlements on artificial substrates established in 2000-2002 was studied.

The collector with mussels and the sample were weighed, sorted by size into several groups, the size and weight of mussels, the mass of raw and cooked meat and the percentage ratio of these indicators were determined.

The results of the analysis of the productivity of mussels on a collector of three years of age are presented in tables 2 and 3.

In October 2003, a crop was harvested from a collector installed in June 2000. The weight of mussels taken from a 3-meter collector was 16.2 kg. The mussels on the collector were arranged in a uniform garland, they were very clean, almost without fouling (Fig. 3).

In the sample there were 5 size groups of mussels, four of them are presented in figure 4. The largest in terms of quantity and weight (63.8%) was a commodity mussel over 50 mm in size and more than 13 g in weight (Table 2).

Harvested mussels at the age of 3 years, collected from the same collector in the spring of 2003 amounted to 14.1 kg. In the sample of mussels from this collector, three size groups were found, with the prevailing 49.3% being also commodity mussel over 50 mm in size.

The amount of raw meat in marketable mussels was the highest - more than 40%, it was in May, in October it decreased significantly (table 3).

The percentage of meat and valves in large, more than 50 mm, small less than 50 mm, mussels is approximately the same in spring and autumn.

The same pattern was revealed with the amount of boiled meat. In the spring, in comparison with autumn, mussels showed a higher mass of cusps and a lower amount of MF (table 3).

According to the results of cultivation of mussels with trout in October, the mass of meat in commercial mussels was slightly higher than in mussels obtained in monoculture (tables 3-5).

Also, the amount of raw meat in cultivated mussels was one and a half times higher than in mussels from the natural population (table 5).

Even lower raw meat yield values were obtained (Table 6) by Terentyev for wild mussels in summer and autumn (Study of the possibility of obtaining an acid hydrolyzate from White Sea mussels of mariculture. New protein products based on hydrobionts. Terentyev V.A. / Sb. . - M .: VNIRO, 1989 .-- S.150-156).

Thus, the data tables, incl. Table 7, confirm that it is most advisable to harvest a crop from a mussel plantation at the end of May-June, before the start of spawning of mollusks, when they contain the largest amount of raw and cooked (25-26%) meat (table 3, 4).

The bio-productivity of the mussels of the next age group (2+) on the collectors installed on the trout farm a year later was almost the same as in the older age group of mollusks (3+) - 14 kg from the collector (tables 8, 9, 10).

Mussels of 20-30 mm prevailed; commodity mussels weighing about 14 g were only 13%.

The mussels on the collector were evenly spaced; their flaps were clean with almost no fouling. There were very few yearlings; single specimens of juveniles 4–6 mm in size were found on byssus filaments (Table 8).

Experience confirms that mussels grew most intensively in the second year of life, their growth over the summer period reaches almost 20 mm, in subsequent years the growth rate slows down, the growth is several mm per season (table 10).

Mussels can be cultivated in a two- and three-year cycle, depending on the tasks of processing the mollusk: when growing mussels for food purposes, the cultivation duration does not exceed three years: at this age, mussel larger than 50 mm prevails on the collectors; if the mussel crop is sent for medical purposes, then the mussel can be cultivated for two years.

The cultivation of mussels together with trout made it possible to obtain additional products without material costs and thus reduce the cost of not only products obtained from mollusks, but also increase the profitability of trout farming.

The proposed method for cultivating mussels in salmon with biculture makes it possible to use marifermas more efficiently, since without the cost of creating devices (using the old netting of trout cages as collectors, and seafood using as a substrate carrier - collectors - cage farms) increased demand (figure 5).

Recently, interest in mussel mariculture has again begun to increase. There is reason to believe that in the coming years, the scale of cultivation of mussels in the White Sea may increase significantly. This is due to the great demand for mussel hydrolyzate, from which the production of expensive medications, such as midship, viramide, has been launched.

To obtain marketable mussels for food purposes, the period of their cultivation using the proposed method can be reduced by one year (three years instead of four).

Joint cultivation of these aquatic organisms favorably affects the bioproductivity of mollusks and the quality of the products obtained from them, significantly improves the conditions for salmon cultivation and the ecological situation in the area of the mariferm plant, since mussels are active filtrates.

Table 1
The number of settled juveniles depending on the timing of the installation of collectors Collector Installation Date The number of juveniles in 1 g, pcs. The total number of juveniles settled on the collector, pcs. June 11 214 391000 June 11 83 108,000 June 11 70 132,000 Average 122 208,000 July 7th 120 252000 July 7th 111 103 800 July 7th 116 186000 Average 115 180,000 July 30th 140 225,000 July 30th 78 133,000 July 30th one hundred 77000 Average 106 145,000

table 2
Size and mass composition of mussels age 3+ on a trout farm collector established in 2000 No. The size,
mm Mass g Qty,% n one 53.7
61.0-49.9 13.58
18.37-9.34 63.8 25 2 45.6
49.0-40.0 7.80
11.6-6.21 12.3 25 3 39.3
48.0-35.5 5.27
7.12-4.18 10.8 25 four 34.3
38.0-27.0 3,50
5.70-2.25 8.5 25 5 25.1
29.0-22.0 1.49
2.10-0.83 4.6 25

Table 3
Amount of raw and cooked mussel meat depending on the sampling season Sampling Date Mussel size mm The mass of mussels, g Mass of raw meat Boiled meat mass Leaf weight MF mass g % g % g % g % May 2003 51-55 12.88 6.25 41.5 - - 4.11 40,0 2.49 19.5 October 2003 51-55 13.77 4.84 35.1 3.48 25.3 4.38 31.8 4,57 33.1 May 2003 45-50 11.49 4.94 42.9 - - 3.93 34.3 2.61 22.8 October 2003 45-50 11.70 3.67 313 2.79 26.0 3.77 32,3 4.26 36,4 Table 4
The ratio of the mass of valves, raw meat and MF (intercellular fluid) in cultured mussels of different sizes, Terentyev, (1989). Size mm Mass g The mass of mussels, g Leaf weight MF mass n Sampling Date g % g % g % 58.2 14.7 3,7 25,2 4.6 31.3 6.4 43.5 5 07/10/85 58.2 17,2 5.7 33,2 5.7 33.1 5.8 33.7 5 5.10.85 43,4 7.1 2.2 31,0 2,3 32,4 2.6 36.6 four 07/10/85 44.3 7.1 2,5 35,2 2.0 28.3 2.6 36.6 6 5.10.85 30.3 2.7 0.6 33,4 0.8 29.6 1,0 37.0 6 07/10/85 31,0 3,7 1.3 35.1 1,1 29.7 1.3 35,2 5 5/10/85 Table 5
Indicators of cultivated and wild mussels (October, 2003, Palkin Bay). Sample of mussels Size g Weight mm Mass of raw meat Leaf weight MF mass Cooked meat n g % g % g % g % Cult. 54,2 13.77 4.84 35.3 4.39 31.70 4,57 34.0 3.49 39.7 fifty Wild 50.3 12.80 3.56 24.7 4.92 38.6 4.39 34.0 2.48 19.3 25 Table 6
The ratio of the mass of cusps, MF and raw meat in mussels from natural populations in different seasons of the year (Terentyev, 1989). Size mm Mass g Mass of meat Leaf weight MF mass n Sampling Date g % g % g % 45,2 12.0 2.1 17.5 5,0 41.7 4.9 40.98 8 07/10/85 37.1 7.0 1.3 18.5 2.7 38.5 3.0 43.0 9 5/10/85

Table 7
Amount of meat of cultivated mussels, depending on size and weight Size mm Mass g Mass of meat Leaf weight MF mass n g % g % g % May 61 65 19.58 9.32 47.5 5.53 28,2 4.73 24.3 10 56-60 14.97 7.59 50.6 4.78 31.3 2.78 18.1 fourteen 51-55 12.88 6.25 41.5 4.11 40,0 2.49 19.5 22 45-50 11.49 4.94 42.9 3.93 34.3 2.61 22.8 6 October 54,4 13.97 5.05 37.6 4.61 34.0 3.90 28,4 25 53.7 13.58 4.64 32.8 4.15 29.4 5.25 39.5 25 45.6 7.80 2.70 32.8 3.39 29.5 3.28 37.7 25 36.6 3.91 1.38 35.8 1.23 32.6 1.30 31.6 25

Table 8
Size and mass composition of mussels on a trout farm collector age 2+, installation 2001 No. Size mm Mass g Q-in,% n one 54,4 13.97 13.1 25 2 36.6 3.91 47.0 25 3 27.1 3.88 37.9 25 Table 9
The amount of raw and cooked meat in mussels 2+ from a collector installed on a trout farm in 2001 (October, 2003). Size mm Mass g Mass of meat Leaf weight MF mass Boiled meat mass n g % g % g % g % 54,4 13.97 5.05 37.5 4.61 34.0 3.90 28.6 3.63 26.0 25 36.6 3.91 1.38 35.8 1.23 32.6 1.30 31.6 0.80 20,4 25 Table 10
The size composition of mussels on a collector installed on a trout farm in 2002, age 1+. Sampling Date 5-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 n Number of samples PC. % PC. % PC. % PC. % June 2003 245 32.8 380 50.9 117 15.7 four 0.6 746 3 October 2003 9 2.2 62 14.9 223 53.6 122 29.3 416 2

Claims (1)

A method of cultivating a bivalve mussel mussel in biculture, characterized in that the cultivation of mussels is carried out in the coastal zone of the northern seas on a cage farm together with salmon family fish, the collectors are made in the form of strips of dividing cloth 3 m long and 30 cm wide, the lower side of the delhi is supplied with cargo , the weight of which is sufficient to deepen the collector, the design of the floating platform of the cage farm, from the external and internal sides of which from June to September, is used as collector carriers September months, collectors for collecting mussel spates are fixed stationary at a distance of about 1 m from each other and immersed to a depth of 0.5-1.0 m from the water surface, mussels settled on collectors of mussels are cultivated without changing the position of the collectors in a two- or three-year cycle depending on the tasks set for processing the products and at the end of the established cycle, a mussel crop is harvested, mainly at the end of May-June.

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