RU2294278C1 - Face abrasive circle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: the invention refers to the field of abrasive processing.

SUBSTANCE: it may be used at manufacturing of abrasive circles for effective roughing finishing and finishing treatment of half-finished products of the parts of machines and instruments. The abrasive circle has a body and elements with coarse-grade and fine-grained abrasive layers. Tetrahedral interchangeable elements are envisaged on the periphery of the body. Abrasive layers of different grain are fastened on the edges of the interchangeable elements. The last have possibility for turning at an angle of 90⁰ relatively to axles installed in the radial openings of the body.

EFFECT: this construction is simple in manufacturing and allows in series to execute preliminary and final working of half-finished products on a one machine with a circle with interrupted working surface.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to tools for metal processing and can be used at enterprises of the metalworking industry for effective roughing, finishing and finishing processing of workpieces of machine parts and devices.

Known mechanical grinding wheels with a discontinuous cutting surface, obtained by creating at the end of a circle of grooves or slotted various shapes (Abrasive and diamond processing of materials: Handbook. Edited by Dr. A.N. Reznikov. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1977) . The use of such circles can reduce the heat stress of the workpiece processing process, which is especially important when grinding with organic (volcanic, rubber) bonds having low (up to 300 ° C) heat resistance.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using known circles include the fact that these circles have a cutting part of a certain (constant for a given circle) characteristic, which reduces the efficiency of their use in processing workpieces made of various materials and with different requirements for the quality of polished surfaces.

Known prefabricated mechanical grinding wheels, consisting of a metal body and attached to it in one way or another abrasive elements (SU, copyright certificate No. 971640, class. 24 D 7/00, 1982; No. 1002142, class. 24 D 7/06 , 1983; No. 1100076, class B 24 D 7/00, 1984; No. 1101077, class B 24 D 7/00, 1984; No. 1102667, class B 24 D 7/00, 1984; No. 1207737, class B 24 D 7/00, 1986; No. 1235709, class B 24 D 7/06, 1986; No. 1315273, class B 24 D 7/00, 1987).

The advantages of such circles are:

- the rational use of abrasive materials through the use of a metal body for repeated use and replaceable abrasive elements;

- the ability to reduce the heat stress of grinding workpieces with a discontinuous abrasive surface.

The reason that impedes the achievement of the technical result indicated below is, as in the previous case, the constancy of the characteristics of abrasive elements, which limits the use of the same circle for processing workpieces of parts from materials with different properties and different requirements for the quality of the processed surfaces.

Known combined grinding wheel (RU, patent No. 2183551, B 24 D 5/06, 17/00, 2002), containing a metal body reusable and interchangeable polyhedral elements carrying abrasive layers.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using a known wheel include the fact that in a known construction, abrasive layers of various grain sizes are fixed on the peripheral surface of the replaceable elements, and the end surfaces of the latter are covered with metal elements of the circle, as a result, the use of such circles is possible only with a round external grinding.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention in terms of features is an end abrasive wheel (RU, patent No. 2205742, class B 24 D 7/14, 2003), having a body with a coarse-grained abrasive layer attached to it, mounted coaxially with the body with the possibility of axial movement of the glass, carrying a fine-grained abrasive layer and a mechanism for extending the glass, which includes a plate element made of an alloy with a thermomechanical memory and triggered when a heated circle is fed through the channels in the housing air.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below include the fact that the specified circle has a rather complicated structure that makes it difficult to manufacture, as well as the need to upgrade the grinding head of the machine to provide a discrete supply of heated and cooled air.

The invention consists in the following. In the proposed design of the wheel, a rather complicated mechanism for extending elements bearing a fine-grained abrasive layer is excluded, and for the sequence of processing workpieces with coarse-grained and fine-grained abrasive layers, these layers are fixed on the faces of tetrahedral interchangeable elements that are rotated to carry out one or another grinding stage.

The technical result consists in simplifying the design of the end abrasive wheel.

The specified technical result during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that, as in the known device, the end abrasive wheel contains elements with coarse-grained and fine-grained abrasive layers. The peculiarity lies in the fact that the abrasive layers of different grain sizes are fixed on the faces of tetrahedral interchangeable elements located on the periphery of the housing and having the ability to rotate by an angle multiple of 90 ° relative to the axes installed in the radial holes of the housing.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention. The definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype, as the closest in the set of essential features of the analogue, allowed to identify the set of essential distinguishing features in relation to the applicant's technical result in the claimed device set forth in the claims.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "novelty."

To verify the compliance of the claimed invention with the condition "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed device from the prototype. The search results showed that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for the specialist, since the influence of the transformations provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention on the achievement of the technical result is not revealed from the prior art determined by the applicant.

The described invention is not based on a change in quantitative characteristics, the presentation of such signs in relationship, or a change in their appearance.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "inventive step".

The drawings show: in Fig.1 is a longitudinal section of an abrasive tool; figure 2 is a left view of the circle of figure 1, combined with a local section; figure 3 is a right view of the circle of figure 2; figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a removable element; figure 5 is a top view of the removable element of figure 4.

The end abrasive wheel contains a metal body 1, on the periphery of which flats are made (Fig. 1) and annular and longitudinal grooves (Fig. 3); interchangeable tetrahedral elements (Fig. 5), on the faces of which abrasive layers 3 of different grain sizes are placed, and on the lower end surfaces there are native keys 4 (Fig. 4), axes 5 installed in the radial holes of the housing 1 and fasteners 6 and 7 ( figure 1).

The position of the elements (Fig. 2) on the periphery of the housing is determined by its flats, keys 4 (see Fig. 4), mounted in the annular or longitudinal grooves of the housing, and axis 5 (see Fig. 1), also intended for fixing interchangeable elements with using nuts 7. The granularity of the abrasive layers placed on the edges of the replaceable elements is combined depending on the material properties of the workpieces and the required quality of the processed surfaces, for example, coarse-grained layers are placed on two faces and fine-grained (for example, granular 160 160/125 and 80/63, respectively), or coarse-grained layers are placed on two faces, with the help of which the main layer of material is removed and which therefore quickly wear out (for example, 160/125 grit), and the abrasive layers on the other two grit which successively decreases (e.g. 80/63 and 40/28). Other combinations of granularity are possible, and if necessary, other characteristics of abrasive layers placed on the faces of replaceable elements.

End abrasive wheel is used as follows. When removing the main allowance (for preliminary processing), grinding is carried out with the most coarse-grained abrasive layers, for which replaceable elements 2 are installed by placing the dowels 4 in the annular groove of the case, in a position in which such layers are located on the working end of the circle. The wheel is ruled by any known method and is used for grinding a batch of workpieces in a mode corresponding to the preliminary grinding mode with an intermittent grinding wheel.

After removing the main part of the allowance, the nuts 7 are "released", the interchangeable elements are lifted, they are rotated through an angle of 90 ° and installed by placing the keys in the longitudinal grooves of the case so that less abrasive layers are located on the working end of the circle. Processing in three transitions is also possible, for which the replaceable elements are rotated 90 ° once more. After each readjustment, the wheel is corrected and the workpieces are grinded in the mode corresponding to the second preliminary or final grinding.

Grinding with the proposed wheel is especially effective in the processing of workpieces of various parts in small batches (i.e., in the conditions of single and small-scale production), since it makes possible their sequential (preliminary and final) processing on one machine in one wheel having an intermittent working surface of different grain sizes.

The circle is quite simple to manufacture and operate; its use does not require modernization of the machine headstock.

Thus, the above information indicates the following conditions are met when using the claimed device:

- a tool embodying the claimed device in its implementation, is intended for use in industry, namely in mechanical engineering in the processing of metals by cutting;

- for the claimed device in the form described in the stated claims, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described in the invention or known prior to the priority date is confirmed;

- a tool embodying the claimed invention in its implementation, is able to ensure the achievement of perceived by the applicant technical result.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

End abrasive wheel containing a housing and elements with coarse and fine-grained abrasive layers, characterized in that the abrasive layers of different grain sizes are fixed on the faces of tetrahedral interchangeable elements located on the periphery of the housing and having the ability to rotate 90 ° relative to the axes installed in the radial holes of the housing .

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