RU2292419C2 - Container-type filter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture and hydro-engineering melioration, particularly to clean waste, drain and sewage water in closed accumulation-and-drain pipe systems.

SUBSTANCE: container-type filter comprises bottom and drain well body, drain and accumulator mouths and replaceable filtering member. Filtering member is made as replaceable container with conically perforated bottom and sharpened perforation edges. The container is filled with filtering material and reagent. The perforated container bottom freely rests upon spring supports located on well bottom. The container is hydraulically aligned with water level in drain accumulator mouths. To manage water level in container and in head of next accumulator section water level at drain mouth exceeds that in filter container and at next accumulator section head for not less than 0.2 m and 0.3 m correspondingly and water level at accumulator mouth exceeds that in container and at next accumulator section head for 0.1 m and 0.2 m correspondingly. The container comprises fixers to provide self-regulation of hydraulic communication between container and mouths of drain and accumulator. The container also has rigid shaped discharge pipeline to connect thereof with next accumulator section head.

EFFECT: simplified operation, increased operational reliability, quality of water cleaning and filtering capacity.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural hydraulic engineering reclamation and can be used for reagent-free and reagent treatment of waste, collector-drainage and wastewater in closed tubular collector-drainage systems.

Known drainage well (Author's certificate No. 1194959, MKI E 02 B 11/00, BI No. 44 of 11/30/85), including a well mounted on the collector and including a housing with water inlets and a perforated cover and a filtering filling, the housing of which is made in the form an inverted cup integrated in the collector, and the filtering bed is protected by a sod layer, the grass cover is in contact with its surface, and the cup is made of a piece of ceramic pipe with cracks in the bottom and side walls.

The disadvantage of a drainage well is that it is designed to drain surface water in irrigation systems. When silting the filter, it is necessary to completely dig out the well and then restore its entire structure again. Since surface waters have significant turbidity, restoration of the well will have to be done very often, which is economically unprofitable and technologically difficult.

The closest technical solution is a drainage water intake well (Copyright certificate No. 1127627, MKI E 02 B 11/00, BI No. 45 dated 12/12/84), containing a sump made in the form of a removable glass and nanosump, having openings in the upper part and bottom and equipped with a replaceable filter element placed in the housing, which has a flow quencher and a perforated base, combined with the bottom of the nanosump bowl.

The disadvantage of a drainage water intake well is that it can only be used for the removal and mechanical treatment of surface water from a field or channel. The design of the well is in a strictly fixed position and allows the discharge of untreated surface water into the filter through the drain holes, which reduces the quality of cleaning and the reliability of the device. With this design of the well, when replacing the filter element, it is necessary to dismantle the cover, flow damper and only then the filter.

The technical result achieved by this invention is to simplify the operation of the structure, improving the reliability, quality of treatment of industrial water and filtration performance.

The result is achieved by the fact that the filter element is made in the form of a removable container with a funnel-shaped perforated bottom with sharp perforation edges filled with filter material and reagent, freely installed with a perforated bottom on springy supports on the bottom of the well, and hydraulically coupled to the water level at the mouths of the drains and collector, moreover, to exercise command over the level in the container filter and the source of the subsequent section of the collector, the water level at the mouth of the drain exceeds the water level in the container fi liter and the source of the subsequent section of the collector, respectively, not less than 0.2 and 0.3 m, and the water level at the mouth of the collector exceeds the water level in the filter container and the source of the subsequent section of the collector, respectively, not less than 0 , 1 and 0.2 m. In this case, for automatic regulation of the hydraulic connection of the container with the mouth of the drain and the collector, the container is equipped with clamps and is also equipped with a rigid shaped outlet pipe for communication with the source of the subsequent section of the collector, which has the form of a simple bend th of a multi-elbow. Figure 1 shows a container filter, a vertical section; figure 2 - funnel-shaped perforated bottom of a removable container; figure 3 is an acute funnel-shaped form of perforation of the bottom.

The container filter consists of a bottom 1 and a drainage well body 2 mounted on it, in which a replaceable container 3 with a funnel-shaped perforated bottom 4 and sharp perforation edges filled with filter material and reagent 5, drainage mouth 6, rigid shaped discharge pipe 7 and 8 is freely installed , the mouth of the collector 9, the spring supports 10, the latch 11 and the source of the subsequent part of the collector 12, which discharges the purified water.

The container filter operates as follows. The container filter is used to treat waste and collector-drainage water on irrigation systems having a horizontal closed tubular drainage with an already stabilized or unstabilized level of groundwater. One container filter can serve one drain or one collector into which several drains flow. Depending on this, it is installed at the mouth of the drain or collector. The performance of the container filter should correspond to the maximum flow rate of the drain or collector, which, as a rule, is observed during the irrigation period. In this regard, the performance of the container filter is calculated by the formula:

where Q _max - the required maximum performance of the container filter, m ³ / s;

q _max - the maximum drainage rate, l / s · ha, can reach more than 0.45 l / s · ha;

A is the area served by a drain or collector, on which a container filter is installed;

n is an exponent, varies from 0.1 to 0.4 and depends on the turbidity of the water and the dirt capacity of the filter element.

A drainage well, consisting of a bottom 1 and a housing 2, is installed at the mouth of the collector 9 or drain 6. A spring container 10 with a funnel-shaped perforated bottom 4 and sharp perforation edges is installed on the spring supports 10 of the bottom 1. The replaceable container before installation on the spring supports 10 is filled with the necessary amount of filter material and reagent 5. The filter material and reagent 5 are selected depending on the contamination of the man-made water and the required degree of purification. Drainage water via drain 6 or collector 9 enters the surface of the filter material and reagent 5, which is closed from the surface by a large fraction of pebbles, which acts as a quencher of the flowing water stream. Drainage water, passing through the entire thickness of the filter material and reagent 5, is cleaned of mechanical impurities, suspended matter and at the same time pass reagent treatment. Their quality is improving. Chemical treatment of drainage water is carried out purposefully to remove harmful substances and elements. Depending on what needs to be removed, the necessary reagent is selected. Purified water passes through the funnel-shaped perforation of the bottom 4 with sharp edges and enters the well on its bottom 1 and fills the body 2.

As soon as the water level in the removable container reaches the required level, which exercises command over the water level in the source of the subsequent part of the source of the collector 12, the purified water through a rigid shaped outlet pipe 7 or 8, made in the form of a simple elbow or complex multi-elbow, and the source of the subsequent part of the collector 12, which discharges purified water, will go to the place of its subsequent disposal. At the bottom of the collector or the drain that flows into the well, a latch 11 of the maximum upper mark of the top of the removable container 3 is installed, which provides automatic control of the hydraulic connection between the container and the mouth of the drain and the collector, and due to plastic deformation of the spring supports 10, the vertical position of the replaceable container 3 is regulated depending on changes in the amount of drainage water entering it.

To command above the water level in the filter container and the source of the subsequent collector section, the water level in the drainage mouth exceeds the water level in the filter container and the source of the subsequent collector section, respectively, by at least 0.2 and 0.3 m, and the level water at the mouth of the collector exceeds the water level in the filter container and the source of the subsequent section of the collector, respectively, by at least 0.1 and 0.2 m, which allows for normal operation of the container filter with a gradient of 0.002-0.001.

With a 50% loss in performance of the container filter, the filter material and reagent 5 are changed. The replaceable container 3 is pulled out of the body of the well with a truck crane, the filter material and reagent 5 are replaced or the entire replaceable container is completely replaced, and the treatment of man-made waters continues.

Claims (2)

1. A container filter for the integrated treatment of waste and collector-drainage water in closed tubular collector-drainage systems, including a bottom and a body of a drainage well, mouths of drains and collectors and a replaceable filter element, characterized in that the filter element is made in the form of a replaceable container with a funnel-shaped perforated bottom and sharp edges of the perforation, filled with filter material and reagent and freely installed perforated bottom on the spring supports on the bottom of the well, and hydraulically with the water level at the mouth of the drainage and collector, moreover, to command the water levels in the filter container and the source of the subsequent section of the collector, the water level at the mouth of the drainage exceeds the water levels in the filter container and the source of the subsequent section of the collector, respectively, by at least 0, 2 m and 0.3 m, and the water level at the mouth of the collector exceeds the water levels in the filter container and the source of the subsequent section of the collector, respectively, by at least 0.1 m and 0.2 m, while for automatic control of hydraulic of personal connection of the container with the mouths of the drain and the collector, the container is equipped with clamps, and is also equipped with a rigid shaped outlet pipe for communication with the source of the subsequent section of the collector. 2. The filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid shaped outlet pipe is in the form of a simple elbow or a complex multi-elbow.

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