RU2291262C1 - Method for string screed making of mortar - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building, particularly finishing works.

SUBSTANCE: method involves fastening corbels to surface to be plastered; extending thread between the corbels; staking out plane; arranging screed marks, which are used as bases for future screeds and forming screeds of mortar. String made of steel wire or thin cable may used as the thread. The thread is used as indirect screed reinforcement during plastering operation and defines screed top. The thread leans against hardening mortar without thread deflection, wherein the mortar is applied on tightened thread so that mortar heap is created. Then the mortar heap projecting over the thread is cut as mortar passes from liquid to solid state.

EFFECT: increased accuracy, labor productivity due to combination of wall plane staking out operation with screed making operation and simplified staking out operation.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to finishing work.

A known method of applying a plaster mortar, which consists in the fact that for the purpose of mechanizing the process, the frame, made in the form of a frame on which a metal mesh is stretched, is installed on horizontal tubular beacons at a distance from the plastered surface equal to the required thickness of the plaster layer. And through the mesh mesh, the plaster mortar is applied with the mortar pump nozzle immediately to the full thickness flush with the mesh. The grid protects the plaster mortar from swelling and dramatically reduces the amount of waste. It gives the operator the opportunity to determine where and how much to apply the solution, greatly facilitating its subsequent leveling (Copyright certificate No. 99943, class 37 _d , 32 ₀₁ , 32 ₀₂ ; 37 _d , 32 ₀₂ ).

A device for the manufacture of stucco beacons from a solution, consisting of a wooden frame with movable strips at the ends of the template, which adjust the distance from its inner plane to the wall, forming the required thickness of the beacon or the thickness of the layer of future plaster. Hanging walls and installing beacons are as follows. As in the usual way, two nails are hammered in the corners at the top of the wall, retreating 0.25 m from the ceiling and corner. A plumb line is lowered from these nails and the walls are checked for correctness. Then, a cord is pulled over hammered nails and intermediate nails are hammered along it at a distance of 1-1.5 m from each other. At the end of hanging the walls, the template is hung first on the corner nail, the top of the cap of which determines the thickness of the basting. After installing the first template, the second template is installed at a distance of 1-1.5 (the length of the rule) and the solution is sketched onto the first template with the removal of its excess with a special small one (Copyright certificate No. 90138, class 37 _d , 32 ₀₁ ).

Also known is the traditional method of manufacturing lighthouse grades from a mortar, consisting of the following operations: fastening brackets (nails) at four corners of the plane; pulling the thread on the brackets; hanging the plane before plastering; the device of beacon marks from quick-hardening materials; Further, the threads are removed and the beacons are made from mortar, which are based on the made brands (Shepelev A.M. Plastering works. Higher school, 1970).

The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity and non-parallelism of the planes of the obtained beacons due to the flexibility of the threads when rubbing grades, as well as in the transition from grades to mortar beacons and from beacons to the plastered plane. In addition, mortar beacons are not durable, their surface is quickly deformed and erased when pulled along them with a plaster rule.

The objective of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the beacons arranged by the present method and to increase the productivity of manufacturing them by combining operations on hanging the plane and making the beacons.

The problem is solved in that in the method of manufacturing string beacons from mortar, which includes attaching the brackets to the plastered plane, pulling threads on them, plane weights, device of beacon marks as the basis for future beacons and device of beacons from mortar, the thread is used a string of steel wire or thin cable and used for the entire time of plastering the plane as an indirect reinforcement of the future beacon, the top of which is a string supported by es deflection on curing mortar which is applied to "slide" on the stretched string in the desired plane and projecting over the plane of the desired solution was cut at its transition from liquid to solid phase.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where figure 1 shows the plane of the wall with brackets - 1 at the corners and two tensioned strings between them - 2; figure 2 is a section of the frontal plane of the wall, on it the brackets are 1, the strings are 2. Next, in figure 3 is the same section of the plane, but with plaster mortar applied to the plane - 3. Figure 4 is a drawing operation on strings of a solution with a slide — 4. In FIG. 5 — a section of the frontal plane along the strings with a solution with a slide on them — 4 and the amplitude of the string during spraying — 5. FIG. 6 — a manufactured beacon with an excess solution cut off above the string and represented by a plane - 6.

The method is as follows. On the plane of the wall, in its four corners, at a distance from the ceiling and floor of 0.15-0.25 m and from the walls of 0.1-0.15 m, brackets are attached - 1, on which the strings are horizontally stretched in a vertical plane one above the other - 2 (it can be a wire or cable), which are shown in figure 1. Figure 2 shows a section AA of this plane, where we see the brackets - 1, strings - 2. Then, hanging 2 plumb lines on the upper string, hang the walls, achieving the minimum thickness of the plaster coat, for which the brackets are pulled or hammered - 1 s the strings stretched over them - 2 so that they remain in the lighthouse plane (a plane that has common geometric points with the upper and lower strings). After that, all the necessary operations for plastering the entire plane are performed, without speaking for the lighthouse plane. Thus, they spray, outline the soil - 3, Fig. 3, not paying attention to the strings - 2 and the brackets - 1 stretched in the desired plane, after the minimum clearance 10 remains between the lighthouse plane and the plaster applied to the wall plane 3 -15 mm begin manufacturing beacons. A mortar is applied manually or with a nozzle from a mortar pump onto the strings, covering them completely, with a “slide” - 4, Fig. 4. When spraying a solution with a "slide" - 4 onto the strings - 2, they oscillate with a damping amplitude - 5, Fig. 5, straightening up, occupy their position in the hardening solution - 4 due to its plasticity at the beginning of the process. After the solution - 4 begins to harden, proceed to the final operation of the device beacons in this way - to cut off the hardened solution - 4, lying above the lighthouse plane, that is, the strings - 2, Fig.6. Since the string, being in the mortar body - 4, evenly rests on it along its entire length from the bracket to the bracket, the pressure from the spatula to the string when cutting the mortar is transferred to the mortar without deflection of the string. Further along the obtained planes - 6, Fig.6, just built beacons, where the string already serves as an indirect reinforcement of this beacon, preventing its abrasion from the plaster rules, work as a plaster rule over the entire plane of the wall. If the rule is based on a string that was not embedded in the solution, then the desired effect cannot be achieved, because the string without bending on the solution would have bent and would no longer be a support.

According to the current standards (plastering), the time required for hanging surfaces and installing beacons when plastering walls and ceilings is: for mechanized plastering of surfaces using mortar pumps - from 25 to 40%; and when plastering by hand - from 15 to 25% of the total time necessary for the full plastering of smooth surfaces [NIR 1947. Plastering. The experience of innovative builders. USSR Ministry of Construction. Central All-Union Normative Research Station (VTsNIS). Device for hanging plastered surfaces. I.I. Markova]. At present, the situation has even worsened, because the performance of mortar pumps has increased significantly, and lighthouses are still being built, although the use of inventory metal beacons, for example, the Knauf system, would slightly increase the productivity of their construction. The fact is that the main operations for hanging, the device of lighthouse brands remained unchanged, and instead of metal lighthouses plywood strips were used, which facilitated the device of lighthouses earlier. The complexity and complexity of the old method lies in the fact that it consists of three systems: a suspension system with its own attribute of devices: brackets, threads, plumb; this is necessary to find the desired optimally located plane (minimum layer of plaster, 90 ° with adjacent planes); stamp systems (nails, gypsum stamps), the purpose of which is the transfer and fixing of common points of the desired plane using gypsum marks (fixed points) and a system of beacons from the solution (mortar, rules), which serves to spread common points over a large area of the future plane.

In the claimed method, the transfer of the common points of the plane to the lighthouse plane is done mechanically: a solution is thrown onto the string and then cut off, therefore, intermediate errors are eliminated here, that is, the accuracy of this method is also much higher as well as performance. In addition, for the entire time of plastering, the lighthouse plane is not dismantled, like threads, plumb lines, brackets after hanging. Using the inventive method for plastering planes, you can improve their quality and do it 2-2.5 times faster than before.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing string beacons from mortar, including attaching brackets to the plastered plane, pulling threads on them, plane weights, device of beacon marks as the basis for future beacons, and device of beacons from mortar, characterized in that the string is used as a string made of steel wire or a thin cable and used for the entire time of plastering the plane as an indirect reinforcement of the future lighthouse, the top of which is a string supported without deflection on the TV deyuschy mortar, which is applied with a "slide" on the stretched string in the desired plane and projecting over the plane of the desired solution was cut at its transition from liquid to solid phase.

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