RU2289651C1 - Hydraulic structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic building, particularly to erect embankments, piers, retaining walls and similar structures, preferably in distant northern territories.

SUBSTANCE: hydraulic structure comprises blocks mounted on previously prepared base. The blocks are grouped in row and placed one upon another to form face wall composed of several block layers. Each block comprises face wall member and anchoring unloading device connected with each other. The anchoring unloading device reinforces backfill ground and is made of container previously used for shipping purposes. The container comprises box-like metal case with framed bottom, two side walls, end wall closing the first container end and door connected to the second container end. Face wall member is fastened to one container end. The container is filled with backfill ground. Face wall member has height equal to that of container and width equal to that of container or exceeding container width so that side cantilever parts projecting out of container end are created. In the case of erection of pier structure including two face walls one container end is fastened to one face wall member and another container end is connected to another face wall member.

EFFECT: reduced material consumption, labor inputs and simplified hydraulic structure erection, as well as decreased hydraulic structure influence on water pool ecology during structure usage.

6 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used in the construction of embankments, piers, retaining walls, etc. facilities, mainly in remote northern areas.

A hydraulic structure is known, such as a gravitational embankment, made in the form of a retaining wall: monolithic, from massive masonry, from monolithic or prefabricated gigantic arrays, corner with internal or external anchoring, from volumetric monolithic blocks, threaded. In such walls, the cells of hollow massifs, gigantic massifs, and ryadas are filled with backfill (Budin, A.Ya., Demina, G.A. Naberezhnye: Reference book. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1979. S.20-21 and 53-64 ) Of this group of structures, the closest to the proposed structure is the structure (embankment) from hollow massifs filled with backfill soil (ibid., P. 55, Fig. 1.43).

The disadvantages of these and other similar gravitational structures are their high cost, material consumption, construction time, the need for a carefully aligned artificial bed and the use of heavy-duty cranes.

A hydraulic structure is known, such as a pile embankment made in the form of a retaining wall: thin (bollard), thin with an unloading or shielding device, from pile piles, in the form of a pile grillage. Such walls can be either anchored or without anchors (ibid., Pp. 16-20 and 27-53). Of this group of structures, the closest to the proposed one is a thin-wall structure with unloading elements reinforcing the backfill soil (ibid., P. 18).

A common drawback of these and other similar structures is that they can only be performed on soils that allow the immersion of sheet piling or piles. At the same time, their cost, consumption of scarce material and the duration of construction remain relatively high.

A hydraulic structure is known, such as a dam, which is a masonry of mesh boxes (gabions) filled with fine stone and forming a vertical face (top) face, covered with wooden flooring (Grishin MM Hydraulic structures. - M .: Energy, 1968, p. 161, Fig. 10-5, a, b, c).

The disadvantage of this design is its high cost, due to the high consumption of thin reinforcement (wire) and high labor costs in the manufacture of boxes. Moreover, this design is applicable at its low height, usually up to 5 meters, and it is not suitable for the perception of loads from ice, ships, floating forests, etc.

A hydraulic structure of the type of a quay embankment is known, which is a massive masonry made with a vertical face on the prepared base from arrays that are formed from recycled cylindrical containers enclosed in metal containers filled with soil and soil cement, while box-type frames made of containers are used. welding of recycled metal (Pat. of the Russian Federation No. 2026452, publ. 10.01.95).

The disadvantages of this structure are as follows:

- high material consumption of containers, due to the fact that the load from the containers of the upper tiers is completely transferred to the frames of the containers of the lower tiers, the elements of which are in atmospheric conditions of high-hollow masonry;

- busy work in the manufacture of containers and when masonry is made from these relatively small-sized, but heavier containers with soil containers;

- the need to perform on the rear side of the masonry stone prism and the inverse filter due to the high voidness of the masonry;

- the high voidness of the masonry leads to a decrease in the gravity of the masonry, ensuring its stability;

- multi-column masonry in the cross section of the embankment necessitates the fastening of the masonry pillars among themselves by welding and / or superstructure.

These shortcomings cause relatively high costs when creating a structure. The presence on the front face and inside the high-hollow masonry of a large amount of metal washed by water, worsens the ecology of the reservoir, which increases the cost of operation of the structure.

The applicant had difficulty in choosing a prototype from the prior art, therefore, preference was given to the claims without dividing its first paragraph into restrictive and distinctive parts.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to reduce costs during the construction of the structure and during its operation, as well as shortening the construction time of the structure. The technical result from the use of the invention is to reduce the consumption of materials and to simplify the work when creating the structure, as well as to reduce the impact of the structure during its operation on the ecology of the reservoir.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that the hydraulic structure consists of blocks mounted on a prepared base in a row and in several tiers one on top of another with the formation of the front wall. Each block contains a front wall element and an anchor-unloading device that reinforces the filling ground and is made of a container that has served for the transport of goods and contains a metal frame of a box type with a battered bottom, two side walls, an end wall at one end of the container and a doorway on its other end. The front wall element is attached to the end of the container, filled with backfill soil.

In addition, the front wall element has a height equal to the height of the container and a width equal to the width of the container. Its fastening is carried out with the end face of the container containing the doorway, or with the end face containing the end wall. The side walls of the container are made of a bent profile sheet, while the waves in the wall are located vertically. In the blocks of the lower tier, the container contains double-leaf doors, the doors of which are installed in the open position, and in the blocks of the tier located above the lower tier, the doors removed from the container are laid on the bottom of the frame. The width of the front wall element may exceed the width of the container with the formation of side consoles with respect to the end of the container (option). In the case of building from blocks in the form of a pier containing two front walls, the container is fastened with one end to an element of one front wall, and the other end to an element of another front wall.

The essence of the technical solution lies primarily in the fact that: 1) the mounting block (masonry block) of the hydraulic structure contains a front wall element and a device (anchor-unloading), which simultaneously anchors this element in the backfill soil, relieves it from lateral pressure backfill soil and reinforces this soil; 2) the anchor and unloading device is made of a container that has served the purpose of transporting goods and is adapted for use for a new purpose — the roof is cut out, the wooden floor, and in some cases the doors, removed.

Comparison of the proposed solution with other known technical solutions shows that both the first sign and the second are not found in hydraulic structures made of blocks. In this case, if there are a sufficient number of containers in the area at the price of scrap metal or slightly higher, the cost of the proposed design will be lower than any other known similar construction of blocks. All this allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution meets both the "Novelty" criterion and the "Inventive step" criterion.

The proposed hydraulic structure is illustrated by the drawings shown in figures 1-9.

Figure 1 shows a hydraulic structure in the form of a berth of blocks installed in three tiers, while the fastening of the front wall element in each block is carried out with the end face of the container containing the doorway, a cross section; figure 2 is the same as in figure 1, a view from the side of the reservoir; figure 3 is a schematic drawing of a block; figure 4 - berth of the blocks installed in three tiers, while the fastening of the front wall element in each block is carried out with the end face of the container containing the end wall, a cross section; figure 5 - berth of the blocks installed in four tiers, while the fastening of the front wall element in each block is carried out with the end face of the container containing the end wall, a cross section; figure 6 is a variant of the berth of the blocks installed in three tiers, view from the side of the reservoir; Fig.7 is a section along aa in Fig.6; in Fig.8 - hydraulic structure in the form of a pier of blocks installed in three tiers and in one row, a cross section; figure 9 is a pier of blocks installed in three tiers and in two rows, a cross section.

Example 1 (FIGS. 1-3). The hydraulic structure in the form of a berth contains blocks 1 installed in three tiers one on top of another with the formation of the front wall 2. Each block contains an element 3 of the front wall 2 fastened together and an anchor-unloading device made of a container 4 that has served for the transport of goods and contains , after adapting it for use for a new purpose, a metal frame 5 with a sheathed bottom 6 and walls: side 7 and end 8.

In the process of converting the container 4 to the block 1 in the roof of the container 4, an opening 9 is made, a wooden floor is removed from the bottom 6, exposing the laths 10, and an element 3 is made from reinforced concrete, which is fastened to the end of the container containing the doorway 11. The height of the element 3 is the height of the container 4, its width is the width of the container 4, and the side walls 7 of the container 4 are made of a bent profile sheet with a vertical arrangement of waves 12 (Fig.7).

In Russia, during the implementation of the northern delivery, carried out by seasonal water transport, containers are usually accumulated and subsequently sold at the price of scrap metal or slightly higher containers, designed to transport 20 tons of cargo each and measuring 6.0 × 2.4 × 2.6 meters (Z × B × H). The weight of the block from such a container, equipped with a front element 3 of concrete with a thickness of 0.45 meters, is about 9 tons.

In the drawing, in addition, the positions indicated:

13 - bed

14 - temperature and sedimentary seam

15 - connecting element

16 - section (berth)

17 - soil internal filling

18 - soil external filling

19 - pond

The berth is erected by way of laying masonry blocks 1 on an aligned bed 13 of coarse soil. The accuracy of the installation of blocks 1 of the first tier, which is usually carried out in water, is achieved by the fact that after installing it in plan it is held by a crane in a position raised to a predetermined level and through it an opening 9 onto the battens 10 a bed material 13 is vibrated which is vibrated. Therefore, special care in aligning the bed 13 before installing the blocks 1 is not required. All blocks between the temperature-sedimentary joints 14 in rows and in tiers of the connecting elements 15 are combined into a single relatively flexible design - section 16. The filling of the ground with backfillings of the inner 17 and outer 18 is carried out with compaction as the berth is erected.

The pier works as follows.

The load due to the active pressure P _{1 of the} soil of the external backfill 18 is perceived by the gravity of the section 16 of the berth, which is composed of the weight of the blocks 1 of the section and the weight of the soil of the internal backfill 17 of these blocks. The load R _l from the side of the reservoir (ice, vessel) is perceived both by the gravity of the section and the passive pressure of the soil of the external backfill 18. This ensures the overall shear stability of the section.

Through the sheathed bottoms of 6 containers 4, the weight of the soil of the internal backfill 17 is subsequently partially transferred from top to bottom directly to the bed 13, thereby ensuring that all elements in blocks 1 are unloaded from the vertical load. At the same time, the soil of the internal backfill 17 is reinforced with laths 10 and hangs on them and on the walls of the side 7 and end 8, which ensures the unloading of the front wall 2 from the lateral pressure P _{2 of the} backfill 17, and the diagram of this pressure P ₂ on the front wall 2 takes on a stepwise form .

Example 2 (FIGS. 4 and 5). The berth differs from that described in example 1 only in that it is made of blocks 20, in which the element 3 of the front wall 2 is fastened to the end of the container containing the end wall 8. The opposite end of the container remains open.

In such a berth, while ensuring the stability of the section in the state of ultimate equilibrium, part 21 of the soil of the internal backfill 17 (in Fig. 4 it is dotted) does not create a holding force. Despite this, in a three-tier berth with high-quality soil of backfill 17 and 18, the berth's shear stability is ensured. The impact of the internal backfill 17 on the front wall 2 is the same as in example 1.

The advantage of this berth over the previous one is as follows: firstly, the execution of each element 3 of the front wall 2 is simplified and its reliability is improved by using the end wall 8 as a fixed formwork and by including the wall 8 in the composition of the element 3 and in its operation; secondly, simplifies the implementation of the internal filling 17 by feeding this filling in the cell unit 20 through its doorway 11.

If the berth of such blocks 20 is four-tier, it is advisable to use containers with double doors in the blocks 20 of the first (lower) tier, setting their shutters 22 in the open position, and in the blocks of the fourth (and / or third, and / or second) tier on the laths 10 to put the leaves 22 removed from these or other containers. The first increases the length L ′ of containers in the first tier, the second - unloading the front wall 2 from the pressure P _{2 of the} soil of the internal backfill 17. All this increases the stability of the berth.

The pressure P _{2 of the} soil on the front wall 2 due to the silage effect and the presence of battens 10, and in the four-tier wall and the discharge flaps 22 is very difficult and variable in width of the container. Therefore, the plot of P ₂ in figure 5 does not even qualify for high accuracy and is subject to refinement when developing the design.

Example 3 (Fig.6 and 7). The berth differs from the previous two in that it is made of blocks 23, in which the width of the element 24 of the front wall 2 exceeds the width of the container 4, usually two times due to the side consoles 25. This difference provides a reduction in the number of containers by 40-50% due to more full use of the health of the container frame elements in tension and due to the bilateral engagement of the side walls 7 for the soil internal filling 17.

At each junction of the blocks 23 on the back of the consoles 25, slatters 26 are installed.

Example 4 (Fig. 8). A hydraulic structure in the form of a pier contains blocks 27 installed in three tiers on one another and in a row with the formation of the front wall 28 on one side of the pier (row) and the front wall 29 on its other side. Each block 27 contains a container 4, converted in the previously described manner, and two elements 24, one of which is bonded to one end of the container and forms the front wall 28, and the other to the other end of the container and forms the front wall 29. Elements 24 are usually made with consoles 25 as in example 3.

Figure 9 presents the pier, containing blocks 23, similar to example 3, installed in three tiers and in two rows and which within the same section by connecting elements 15 are combined into a single structure.

The construction of the pier is carried out in a "pioneer" way immediately to the entire height - post-cube.

Hydrotechnical structures from blocks 1, or 20, or 23, or 27 can be erected by the masonry laying of blocks both without dressing the seams between them (examples 1-4), and with dressing the seams - the last masonry is not illustrated by the drawing.

The hydraulic structures shown in examples 1-4 may contain an add-on in their upper part. In this case, the mooring and fencing devices are not shown in the drawings. An anti-corrosion coating is applied to all metal surfaces of the container and to the connecting elements.

Claims (6)

1. A hydraulic structure, characterized in that it consists of blocks mounted on a prepared foundation in a row and in several tiers, one on top of another with the formation of a front wall, each block containing a front wall element and an anchor-unloading device reinforcing the soil filling, while this device is made of a container that has served a cargo transportation and containing a metal frame of a box type with a sheathed bottom, two side walls, an end wall at one end of the end eynera doorway and at the other end thereof, wherein the front wall member is secured to one of the ends of the container, and the container is filled with filling soil. 2. The hydraulic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the front wall element is equal to the height of the container, and its width is the width of the container or exceeds the width of the container with the formation of side consoles with respect to the end of the container. 3. The hydraulic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the side walls of the container are made of a bent profile sheet, while the waves in the walls are arranged vertically. 4. The hydraulic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that in the blocks of the lower tier the end face of the container containing the end wall is fastened to the front wall element, and the end face of the container containing the doorway is equipped with double-leaf doors, the doors of which are installed in the open position. 5. The hydraulic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that in the blocks of the tier located above the lower tier, the doors removed from the container are laid on the bottom of the frame. 6. The hydraulic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of building blocks containing two parallel front walls, the container is fastened at one end to an element of one wall and the other to an element of another front wall.

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