RU2289203C2 - Signal transfer method (variants) and device for realization thereof (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, in particular, signal transfer method (variants) and device for realization thereof (variants), possible use, for example, in cellular radio communication systems during transmission of information signal in direct communication channel from backbone station to mobile station.

SUBSTANCE: technical result is achieved due to correction of spectrum of copies of information signal being transferred, transferring copies of information signal from each adaptive antenna array in each effective transmission direction, estimating transfer functions of direction transmission channels on basis of pilot signals transferred from each antenna element, on basis of pilot signals for distributed transmission, sent from each adaptive antenna array in each one of effective transmission directions, and also combining two given estimates.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of transmission of information signal in direct communication channel, and, therefore, maximized quality of receipt of information signal at mobile station.

5 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of radio engineering, in particular to a signal transmission method (options) and a device for its implementation (options), and can be used, for example, in cellular radio communication systems when transmitting an information signal in a direct communication channel from a base station to a mobile station .

Currently, the urgent task is to increase the capacity of communication systems through the use of effective methods of transmitting and receiving signals. Increasing the efficiency of methods for transmitting and receiving signals leads to the complication and cost of communication equipment. In cellular communication systems, it is advisable to complicate the equipment of the base station, i.e. the emphasis is on improving the reception efficiency in the return channel (signal from the mobile station to the base station) and the transmission efficiency in the forward channel (signal from the base station to the mobile station).

The inventive method is aimed at improving the transmission efficiency in a direct communication channel.

The main factors limiting the capacity of the direct communication channel are fading and intra-system interference.

The presence of fading is due to the fact that cellular communication systems in urban areas are characterized by indirect multipath signal propagation.

The presence of intra-system interference is due to the fact that when transmitting a signal from the base station to the mobile station, only part of the transmitted energy is supplied to the receiving antenna. The rest of the transmitted energy does not go to the receiving antenna, but interferes with the rest of the mobile stations.

Therefore, an effective method of signal transmission should ensure the fight against fading and, while ensuring a given reception quality at the mobile station, radiate as little energy as possible (create as little interference as possible).

One of the effective methods to combat fading and reduce intra-system interference is the use of diversity transmission.

Several basic diversity transmission methods are known.

According to the method of orthogonal diversity transmission (for example, "Method of orthogonal diversity transmission - receiving a signal in a cellular radio communication system with code division multiplexing" RF patent No. 2145152, published January 27, 2000, bull. No. 3, IPC ⁷ N 04 V 7/216 , "The method of diversity transmission of a signal and a device for its implementation" RF patent No. 2208911, published July 20, 2003, IPC ⁷ N 04 V 7/00) provide the transmission of each information symbol from each of the diversity antennas, while organizing the transmission in this way that the character sequences transmitted different antennas are orthogonal to each other, i.e., do not interfere with each other.

The signal transmitted from each of the antennas is subject to fading. But since the fading in the signals transmitted from different antennas is independent, the method of orthogonal diversity transmission allows the receiver to average the fading and increase the signal / (noise + interference) ratio (SNR).

The maximum effect that can be achieved using the orthogonal diversity transmission method is the SIRB at the receiver, the equivalent of the SIRB in a stationary channel with one transmitting and one receiving antenna.

The orthogonal diversity transmission method does not require feedback.

According to the diversity transmission method with the choice of a transmitting antenna (for example, W.С. Jakes, Microwave mobile communications, IEEE press, 1974), a pilot signal is transmitted from each of the transmitting antennas, according to which the transmission channel from each transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna is estimated at the receiver . At the receiver, the best transmission channel and, accordingly, the transmitting antenna, are selected according to the maximum criterion of the SINR. The number of the selected antenna is transmitted by feedback to a transmitter that uses the selected antenna for transmission.

The achieved effect is lower than for the orthogonal diversity transmission method.

More effective than the previously described two methods of diversity transmission, is the method of coherent diversity transmission according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2192094 "Method of coherent diversity transmission of a signal, published October 27, 2002, bull. No. 30, IPC ⁷ H 04 B 7/005.

According to the coherent diversity method, a signal of each user is transmitted from N diversity antennas.

Copies of the information signal are distributed through N different distribution channels and form a total information signal on the receiving antenna.

In order to ensure close to optimal addition of copies of the information signal transmitted through various distribution channels at the receiver input, it is required to have estimates of these distribution channels on the transmitting side.

Therefore, from each of the N diversity antennas transmit pilot signals orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to each other, through which the distribution channels are estimated.

Evaluation of the distribution channels is carried out at the receiving side, and then transmitted to the transmitter via the feedback channel.

When passing through the distribution channel, each copy of the information signal is generally subjected to frequency selective fading.

Therefore, before transmission, frequency selective pre-emphasis is applied to the user signal transmitted from each of the N diversity antennas in such a way as to maximize reception quality.

The information signal is received against the background of additive interference, which is the sum of noise and intra-system interference, which can be considered white noise.

Therefore, maximizing the reception quality is equivalent to maximizing the SINR.

The spectral density of the equivalent video frequency received information signal on the transmission interval of one information symbol can be represented as

Where

- X (f) is the spectral density of the received information signal,

- S (f) is the spectral density of the transmitted information signal,

- G _n (f) is the transfer function of the nth distribution channel,

- суммарная передаваемая энергия сигнала пользователя на интервале одного передаваемого символа ограничена значением E_s.- T _n (f) is the transfer function of the nth predistortion channel of the transmitted signal, and

- the total transmitted energy of the user signal in the interval of one transmitted symbol is limited to the value of E _s .

Maximizing the SINR in the received signal is provided when the condition

where ^* is the complex conjugation operation, and T ₀ is a constant number, which is selected from the normalization condition on E _s .

The physical meaning of this choice of transfer functions of the predistortion channels of the transmitted signal is as follows.

The phase-frequency characteristics of the transfer functions of the predistortion channels provide a coherent addition of the spectral densities of the information signal transmitted through various diversity channels at the receiver input. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the predistortion channels provide the emission of most of the signal energy at those frequencies of the information signal spectrum where the transmission coefficient of the propagation channel is greater, and a smaller part of the signal energy where the transmission coefficient of the channel is less. This ensures optimal use of the energy of the transmitted signal.

Under multipath conditions, the coherent addition of copies of the information signal transmitted through various diversity channels is provided in only one beam. In the remaining rays, copies of the information signal are added incoherently.

When receiving such a signal, the remaining beams are usually neglected. Therefore, the receiver usually uses a matched filter (or correlator) and does not use a RAKE receiver, which greatly simplifies the hardware implementation of the receiver.

If we neglect errors in the estimation of the communication channel, errors and delay in the feedback channel, and quantization errors, then the effect achieved using the coherent diversity transmission method is equivalent to the effect achieved when using diversity reception with the weighted summation of the received signals optimal by the criterion for maximizing the UWB.

This allows the theoretical results obtained in Jianxia Luo, James R. Zeidler, and John G. Proakis, "Error Probability Performance for W-CDMA Systems With Multiple Transmit and Receive Antennas in Correlated Nakagami Fading Channels" to compare the described diversity transmission methods. , IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., Vol. 51, p. 1502-1516, Nov. 2002 for orthogonal diversity transmission and for diversity reception with optimal weighted summation of received signals.

Curves of the dependence of the probability of a bit error on the SINR in a channel with a Rayleigh fading and additive Gaussian interference (the sum of noise and intra-family interference) on the SINR are shown in Fig. 1.

The AWGN curve corresponds to a channel without fading with one transmitting and one receiving antenna. This is the maximum achievable (with an increase in the number of transmitting antennas) noise immunity curve for orthogonal diversity transmission.

The CTD curves 2Tx, 4Tx, and 8Tx correspond to coherent diversity transmission in the fading channel at 2, 4, and 8 transmit antennas, respectively.

Thus, the coherent diversity transmission method is the most efficient of the currently known diversity transmission methods.

The noise immunity of the coherent diversity transmission method grows with an increase in the number of transmitting antennas. In addition, for its effective operation, it is necessary that the feds in copies of the information signal transmitted from different antennas are independent. This is achieved by spacing the transmit antennas by about 10 wavelengths of the carrier frequency or more.

Another effective method for reducing intra-system interference is a signal transmission method using an adaptive antenna array (e.g. J.C. Liberti and TSRappaport, Smart antennas for wireless communications: IS-95 and third generation CDMA applications, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1999) .

Adaptive antenna array consists of several antenna elements located close to each other. When transmitting to each antenna element, the same copies of the information signal are multiplied by the weights. Weights in the general case are complex and different for different antenna elements.

Figure 2 shows a linear equidistant antenna array located along the x axis with a zero element at the origin and a distance between the elements Δx.

For the convenience of forming the radiation pattern of an adaptive antenna array, the distance between two adjacent antenna elements Δx is chosen not exceeding the wavelength of the carrier frequency.

For simplicity of consideration, we assume that the antenna of the receiver is located approximately at the same height as the adaptive antenna array, therefore, we can restrict ourselves to analyzing the radiation pattern of the adaptive antenna array in the (x, y) plane, i.e. consider the dependence of the radiation pattern of an adaptive antenna array only on the angle φ.

The signal s _Tx (t) emitted in the direction φ is

Where

- β = 2π / λ, where λ is the wavelength of the carrier frequency,

- f (φ) is the radiation pattern of the adaptive antenna array in the horizontal plane.

To form the maximum radiation pattern of the adaptive antenna array in the direction φ _0, we must set the weight coefficients w _m equal

Then the radiation pattern will have the form

Usually used directional antenna elements. Then, if all antenna elements have the same and equally directed radiation patterns f _a (φ), then the final radiation pattern F (φ ₀ , φ) will be equal to

Figure 3 shows two radiation patterns of an adaptive antenna array of 8 antenna elements located at a distance of λ / 2 and having radiation patterns of the form

и

.The maxima of the two radiation patterns shown in FIG. 3 correspond to the angles

and

.

When transmitting using an adaptive antenna array, the energy of the information signal is radiated only in the angular region Δφ around the selected radiation direction φ ₀ .

Therefore, in order to achieve the same value of the radiated energy in the direction of the maximum radiation pattern as when transmitting from one antenna element with the radiation pattern f _a (φ), it is necessary to radiate less energy. This significantly reduces intra-system interference.

The effectiveness of the fight against intra-system interference increases linearly with the increase in the number of antenna elements of the adaptive antenna array.

A natural development of effective signal transmission methods is the combination of the two previously described methods - the diversity transmission method and the signal transmission method using an adaptive antenna array.

A known method according to Siemens, Advanced closed loop Tx diversity concept (eigenbeamformer), 3GPP TSG RAN WG 1 document, TSGR1 # 14 (00) 0853, July 4-7, 2000, Oulu, Finland, combining the diversity transmission method with the choice of a transmitting antenna or an orthogonal diversity transmission method with a signal transmission method using an adaptive antenna array.

The idea of this method is based on the fact that usually the propagation channel from the base station to the mobile station includes several spatially concentrated reflector regions, from which the signal enters the mobile station (Fig. 4).

In this method, it is proposed to use an adaptive antenna array of M elements at the base station.

A pilot force is transmitted from each element of the adaptive antenna array. All M transmitted pilot signals are orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to each other.

Also, a copy of the information signal multiplied by its weight coefficient is transmitted from each element of the adaptive antenna array.

Figure 5 illustrates the operation of the above method, which is as follows.

Form at the base station M copies of the information signal s (t).

Multiply the m-th copy of the information signal, where m takes values from 1 to M, by the corresponding weight coefficient w _m and add it with the corresponding pilot signal p _m (t).

The received amount is transmitted from the corresponding m-th antenna element.

At the mobile station M, pilot signals and an information signal are received.

In general, pilot signals are subject to multipath propagation, i.e. the mobile station will have several resolvable time beams. Denote their number N.

Using the M pilot signals for each temporary beam, M coefficients of the impulse response of the propagation channel h _1n , h _2n , ..., h _Mn are estimated, where n = 1, ..., N is the number of the temporary beam.

The impulse response coefficient h _mn corresponds to the propagation channel from the m-th antenna element of the adaptive antenna array of the base station to the antenna of the mobile station and the nth time beam.

For each time ray, a spatial correlation matrix is formed

Where

-

- операция Эрмитова сопряжения вектора

.-

- Hermite operation of vector conjugation

.

The spatial correlation matrix of all time rays is formed as follows

и

осуществляют периодически. Обозначим матрицы

и

, сформированные на i-м шаге, где i=1, 2, ..., через

и

соответственно.Matrix forming

and

carried out periodically. Denote the matrices

and

formed at the i-th step, where i = 1, 2, ..., through

and

respectively.

The averaged spatial correlation matrix is formed as follows

Here | ρ | ≤1 is the averaging coefficient.

The averaged spatial correlation matrix is decomposed into eigenvalues and eigenvectors

имеет размерность [М×М].- Matrix

has the dimension [M × M].

- матрица размерности [М×М] собственных векторов матрицы

, где

- собственный вектор матрицы

, соответствующий m-му собственному значению матрицы

.- Matrix

- matrix of dimension [M × M] eigenvectors of the matrix

where

is the eigenvector of the matrix

corresponding to the mth eigenvalue of the matrix

.

- матрица размерности [М×М] собственных значений матрицы

, где θ_m(i) - m-е собственное значение матрицы

. Собственные значения θ_m(i) расположены в матрице

по главной диагонали, а остальные элементы матрицы

равны нулю.- Matrix

- matrix of dimension [M × M] eigenvalues of the matrix

, where θ _m (i) is the mth eigenvalue of the matrix

. The eigenvalues θ _m (i) are located in the matrix

along the main diagonal, and the remaining elements of the matrix

equal to zero.

The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the averaged spatial correlation matrix have the following properties.

The eigenvectors of the averaged spatial correlation matrix determine the effective transmission directions from the base station to the mobile station. Those. when transmitted in these directions, the radiated energy will reach the mobile station.

The eigenvalues of the averaged spatial correlation matrix determine the average value of the energy that arrives at the mobile station when it is emitted in the direction of the corresponding eigenvector.

передают с базовой станции на мобильную станцию. Это можно осуществлять как на каждом шаге, так и реже, так как эффективные направления передачи меняются медленно, по сравнению, например, с частотой фединга.Eigenvector matrix

transmit from the base station to the mobile station. This can be done at every step, and less often, since the effective transmission directions change slowly, compared, for example, with the fading frequency.

Further in this method two options are proposed.

, по формулеAccording to the first embodiment, at each step at the mobile station, M signal powers are additionally estimated that would be received at the mobile station when transmitted in the direction of the corresponding M eigenvectors

, according to the formula

Here, the index m indicates one of the previously determined effective transmission directions.

Select the number m _max (i) of the effective transmission direction corresponding to the maximum received power and report it to the base station.

At the base station, transmission is carried out in the direction of the m _max (i) th effective direction of transmission, i.e.

According to a second embodiment, two or more effective transmission directions are selected corresponding to the maximum received powers.

Transmit in these directions, transmitting each information symbol in each of the selected effective transmission directions. At the same time, the transmission is organized in such a way that the sequences of symbols transmitted in different selected effective transmission directions are orthogonal to each other, i.e. do not interfere with each other.

Thus, according to the second embodiment, the signal transmission method using the adaptive antenna array and the orthogonal diversity transmission method are combined.

The main disadvantage of the described method of signal transmission is that it does not use the above advantages of coherent diversity transmission.

Another disadvantage of this method is that it uses one and not several spatially spaced adaptive antenna arrays, which significantly reduces the degree of diversity.

A known method according to Fujitsu, Enhance the Beamfoming Feature of the Multiple Antenna Tx Diversity, 3GPP TSG RAN WG 1 document, TSGR1 # 15 (00) -1065, August 22-25, 2000, Berlin, Germany, combining the method of coherent diversity transmission with the method signal transmission using an adaptive antenna array, which is the method closest to the claimed solution.

Consider a cellular communication system that includes at least one base station and at least one mobile station.

The base station transmits to the mobile station an information signal and pilot signals used at the mobile station to estimate the propagation channel from the base station to the mobile station. Also, the base station can transmit other signals, for example, information signals for other mobile stations, or service signals.

A mobile station transmits to the base station a feedback signal used at the base station to transmit an information signal for this mobile station. Also, the mobile station may transmit other signals, for example, an information signal from the mobile station to the base station.

The base station contains M, where M≥1, adaptive antenna arrays, each of which contains K, where K≥1 antenna elements.

At the same time, the elements of one adaptive antenna array are located close to each other (less than the wavelength of the carrier frequency of the information signal), and the adaptive antenna arrays are spaced far apart (more than 10 wavelengths of the carrier frequency of the information signal).

Each antenna element forms a transmission channel. In total, such transmission channels are M · K.

Then each adaptive antenna array contains a group of transmission channels.

The base station transmits a pilot signal from each element of each adaptive antenna array. All pilot signals are orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to each other.

By orthogonality or quasi-orthogonality of pilot signals is meant a situation where the maximum value of the correlation function between two pilot signals is much less than the maximum value of the autocorrelation function of each pilot signal.

,

.Let P _{m, k} be the pilot signal transmitted from the k-th element of the m-th adaptive antenna array, where

,

.

At the mobile station, the impulse response of the propagation channels from each antenna element of each adaptive antenna array to the antenna of the mobile station is estimated from the received pilot signals.

Let H _{m, k} be the estimate of the impulse response of the propagation channel from the kth element of the mth adaptive antenna array to the antenna of the mobile station.

Form M weights WDA ₁ , WDA ₂ , ..., WDA _M in such a way as to maximize the expression

where x ^* is the complex conjugation operation of x.

Maximizing the above expression, when transmitting a copy of the information signal from the m-th adaptive antenna array with a weight coefficient of WDA _m, coherent addition of all copies of the information signal at the receiving antenna of the mobile station in the case of flat fading in the signal transmitted from each adaptive antenna array.

Under the flat fading understand fading, in which the receiving antenna is only one resolvable time beam of the received signal.

For each adaptive antenna array, K weights WBA _{m, 1} , WBA _{m, 2} , ..., WBA _{m, K} are formed in such a way as to maximize the expression

Those. for each adaptive antenna array, a vector of weighting coefficients WBA _{m, 1} , WBA _{m, 2} , ..., WBA _{m, K is formed} , which corresponds to the effective direction of transmission providing the maximum received power at the mobile station.

It should be noted that maximization of PD and PB can be accomplished, for example, as indicated in the article by Parag A.Dighe, Ranjan K. Mallik, and Sudhanshu S. Jamuar, "Analysis of Transmit - Receive Diversity in Rayleigh Fading", IEEE Trans. Commun., Vol. 51, p.694-703, Apr. 2003.

- операция Эрмитова сопряжения вектора

.The vector [WDA ₁ , WDA ₂ , ..., WDA _M ] ^T can be found as an eigenvector of the matrix [H _{m, 1} , H _{m, 2} , ..., H _{m, K} ] ^H [H _{m, 1} , H _{m, 2} , ..., H _{m, K} ] corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of this matrix, where

- Hermite operation of vector conjugation

.

The vector [WBA _{m, 1} , WBA _{m, 2} , ..., WBA _{m, K} ] ^T can be found as an eigenvector of the matrix [H _{m, 1} , H _{m, 2} , ..., H _{m, K} ] ^H [H _{m, 1} , H _{m, 2} , ..., H _{m, K} ] corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of this matrix.

Since the relative values of the weights are important, the amount of information transmitted in the feedback signal can be reduced.

размерности [1×(M-1)]. Фактически, это означает, что первый весовой коэффициент

равен единице, и его не надо передавать.From the vector of diversity weights [WDA ₁ , WDA ₂ , ..., WDA _M ] ^{T of} dimension [1 × M], a vector of diversity weights is formed

dimension [1 × (M-1)]. In fact, this means that the first weighting factor

equal to one, and it does not need to be transferred.

Denote

размерности [1×(K-1)]. Фактически, это означает, что весовые коэффициенты

равны единице и их не надо передавать.From each vector of weights of transmission directions [WBA _{m, 1} , WBA _{m, 2} , ..., WBA _{m, K} ] ^{T of} dimension [1 × K], a vector of weights of transmission directions is formed

dimension [1 × (K-1)]. In fact, this means that weights

equal to one and they do not need to be transferred.

We will, as before, denote

A generated vector of diversity weights and M generated direction vectors of weighting coefficients are transmitted from the mobile station to the base station.

Typically, the frequency of change in the effective transmission directions is less than the fading frequency, therefore, the direction vector weights must be transmitted from the mobile station to the base station less often than the diversity weight vector.

At the base station, M · K copies of the information signal are generated.

Denote them by S _{m, k} .

A copy of the information signal S _{m, k is} transmitted from the k-th antenna element of the m-th adaptive antenna array.

Before transmission, a copy of the information signal S _{m, k is} multiplied by the corresponding diversity weighting factor WD _m and the corresponding transmission direction weighting factor WB _{m, k} .

The illustration of multiplying copies of the information signal S _{m, k} by weights and adding pilot signals is shown in Fig.6.

6, for simplicity, the analog parts that convert a digital signal to an analog signal are not shown.

From the information signal S (Fig.6) form M · K copies S _{m, k} .

A copy of the information signal is fed to the multiplier, where it is multiplied by the weighting coefficient of diversity WD _m , then it is fed to another multiplier, where it is multiplied by the weight coefficient of the transmission direction WB _{m, k} , and then it goes to the adder, where the pilot signal P _{m is} added to it _{, k} , after which it is transmitted from the k-th antenna element of the m-th adaptive antenna array.

Thus, according to the description of the aforementioned known signal transmission method, the following main features of its implementation can be distinguished.

Form at the base station M diversity groups of transmission channels for K transmission channels in each, where M≥1, K≥1.

A pilot signal is transmitted from the base station to the mobile station from each of M · K transmission channels of the diversity groups.

At the mobile station, the impulse responses of the M · K diversity channel transmission channels are estimated at the mobile station.

Formation of weight diversity coefficients at the M-1 mobile station using estimated impulse characteristics of transmission channels.

Form on the mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels K-1 weight coefficients of the transmission direction using the estimated impulse characteristics of the transmission channels.

A feedback signal is transmitted from the mobile station to the base station, containing M-1 weight diversity coefficients and M · (K-1) weight coefficients of transmission directions.

Form at the base station M · K copies of the information signal.

Each copy of the information signal is transmitted over its transmission channel to its diversity group of transmission channels.

Before transmission, each copy of the information signal is multiplied by the corresponding diversity weighting coefficient and the corresponding transmission direction weighting coefficient.

In this case, M-1 is formed of weight diversity coefficients WD ₁ , WD ₂ , WD ₃ , ..., WD _M in two stages.

At the first stage, M weights WDA ₁ , WDA ₂ , ..., WDA _{M are formed} in such a way as to maximize the expression

Where

,- H _{m, 1} - assessment of the impulse response of the first transmission channel of the m-th diversity group of transmission channels, where

,

- x ^* is the complex conjugation operation of the quantity x.

At the second stage, M-1 weight diversity coefficients WD ₂ , WD ₃ , ..., WD _{M are formed} according to the formula

;Where

;

, в два этапа.In this case, K-1 weight coefficients of the transmission direction WB _{m, 2} , WB _{m, 3} , ..., WB _{m, K of the} mth diversity group of transmission channels are formed, where

, in two stages.

At the first stage, K weights WBA _{m, 1} , WBA _{m, 2} , ..., WBA _{m, K are formed} for the mth diversity group of transmission channels in such a way as to maximize the expression

Where

,

,- H _{m, k} is the estimation of the impulse response of the k-th transmission channel of the m-th diversity group of transmission channels, where

,

,

- x ^* is the complex conjugation operation of the quantity x.

At the second stage, K-1 weight coefficients of the transmission direction WB _{m, 2} , WB _{m, 3} , ..., WB _{m, K are formed} according to the formula

,

.Where

,

.

A device that implements the prototype method is shown in Fig.7.

The signal transmission device in accordance with Fig. 7 contains multipliers 1-1-1-M, directional transmission blocks 2-1-2-M, summing blocks 3-1-1-3-M-K, analog transmitters 4-1- 1-4-M-K, antenna elements 5-1-1-5-MK; the first inputs of the 1-1-1-M multipliers are inputs of the information signal, their second inputs are the inputs of the corresponding diversity weights, the outputs of the 1-1-1-M multipliers are connected to the first inputs of the 2-1-2-M directional transmission blocks , K second inputs of the blocks of directional transmission 2-1-2-M are inputs of the corresponding weighting coefficients of the direction of transmission, K outputs of each block of directional transmission 2-1-2-M are connected to the second inputs of the corresponding blocks of summation 3-1-1, ..., 3-1-K-3-М-1, ..., 3-М-K, the first entrances to of which are the inputs of the corresponding pilot signals, the outputs of the summing blocks 3-1-1-3-М-K are connected to the inputs of the corresponding analog transmitters 4-1-1-4-М-K, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding antenna elements 5-1-1-5-M-K, the outputs of which are the outputs of the signal transmission device.

The directional transmission unit 2-m, where m takes values from 1 to M, is shown in Fig. 8.

The 2-m directional transmission unit in accordance with FIG. 8 comprises 6-m-1-6-m-K multipliers; the first inputs of the 6-m-1-6-K multipliers are the inputs of the information signal, their second inputs are the inputs of the corresponding weight coefficients of the transmission direction, and their outputs are the outputs of the 2-m directional transmission unit.

The method and prototype device is implemented as follows (Fig.7 and 8).

Form at the base station M diversity groups of transmission channels for K transmission channels in each, where M≥1, K≥1.

Each of the M · K transmission channels is formed by a corresponding 4-m-k analog transmitter and a corresponding 5-m-k antenna element, where m takes values from 1 to M, and k takes values from 1 to K.

Each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels is formed by a corresponding 2-m directional transmission unit, corresponding 4-m-1-4-m-K analog transmitters, and corresponding 5-m-1-5-m-K antenna elements.

A pilot signal is transmitted from the base station to the mobile station from each of M · K transmission channels of the diversity groups.

Each of the M · K pilot signals is fed to the first input of the corresponding 3-mk summing unit, the output of which goes to the input of the corresponding 4-mk analog transmitter, the output of which goes to the input of the corresponding 5-mk antenna element, the output of which is the output of the device signal transmission.

At the mobile station, the impulse responses of the M · K diversity channel transmission channels are estimated at the mobile station.

Formation of weight diversity coefficients at the M-1 mobile station using estimated impulse characteristics of transmission channels.

Form on the mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels K-1 weight coefficients of the transmission direction using the estimated impulse characteristics of the transmission channels.

A feedback signal is transmitted from the mobile station to the base station, containing M-1 weight diversity coefficients and M · (K-1) weight coefficients of transmission directions.

Form at the base station M · K copies of the information signal.

First, M copies of the information signal are formed, which are fed to the first inputs of the 1-1-1-M multipliers, from the outputs of which they go to the first inputs of the 2-1-2-M directional transmission blocks.

In each of the M blocks of 2-m directional transmission, K copies of the information signal are formed from the copies of the information signal received at its first input. Thus, a total of M · K copies of the information signal is obtained.

Each copy of the information signal is transmitted over its transmission channel to its diversity group of transmission channels. Before transmission, each copy of the information signal is multiplied by the corresponding diversity weighting coefficient and the corresponding transmission direction weighting coefficient.

M copies of the information signal are fed to the first inputs of the 1-1-1-M multipliers, the second inputs of which receive the corresponding diversity weights.

In the 1-1-1-M multipliers, copies of the information signal are multiplied by the corresponding diversity weights and transmit them from the outputs of the 1-1-1-M multipliers to the first inputs of the corresponding 2-1-2-M directional transmission blocks.

The K second inputs of the blocks of directional transmission 2-1-2-M receive the corresponding weighting coefficients of the direction of transmission.

In each of the M blocks of 2-m directional transmission, from the copies of the information signal received at its first input, K copies of the information signal are formed, which are fed to the first inputs of the corresponding 6-m-1-6-m-K multipliers.

The second inputs of the corresponding multipliers 6-m-1-6-m-K receive the corresponding weighting coefficients of the transmission direction.

In the 6-m-1-6-mK multipliers, copies of the information signal are multiplied by the corresponding weighting coefficients of the transmission direction and they are transmitted from the K outputs of the 2-1-2-M directional transmission blocks to the second inputs of the corresponding summing blocks 3-1-1,. .., 3-1-K-3-M-1, ..., 3-M-K.

In the summing blocks 3-1-1-3-M-K summarize the corresponding copy of the information signal with the corresponding pilot signal.

From the outputs of the summing blocks 3-1-1-3-М-K, the sums of the copy of the information signal and the pilot signal go to the inputs of the corresponding analog transmitters 4-1-1-4-М-K, from the outputs of which they go to the inputs of the corresponding antenna elements 5-1-1-5-M-K, the outputs of which are the output of the signal transmission device.

The known method of signal transmission and a device for its implementation (prototype) have the following significant disadvantages.

Firstly, in the presence of frequency selective fading in copies of the information signal transmitted from each adaptive antenna array, the prototype method and device do not provide a coherent addition of these copies of the information signal at the mobile station. Accordingly, they do not use the above advantages of coherent diversity transmission.

Secondly, the known method and device provide for the transmission from each adaptive antenna array of only one copy of the information signal in one direction of transmission. However, it is known that the efficiency of fading averaging with diversity transmission increases with the increase of diversity channels. Those. the prototype method and device do not use all available transmission directions, thereby reducing the efficiency of fading averaging.

Thirdly, the known method and device involve the use of estimates of the impulse characteristics of the transmission channels from each antenna element to the antenna of the mobile station obtained from the pilot signals transmitted from each antenna element, both for generating weighting coefficients of the transmission direction and for generating weighting coefficients explode. However, the frequency of updating the weight coefficients of the transmission direction is significantly lower than the frequency of updating the weighting coefficients of diversity. Therefore, the reliability of the weighting coefficients of the transmission direction is significantly higher than the reliability of the weighting diversity coefficients. It may turn out that the reliability of diversity weights will be insufficient, which will significantly reduce the effectiveness of the signal transmission method and device for its implementation.

The problem to which the claimed group of inventions is directed, a signal transmission method (options) and a device for its implementation (options) is to increase the efficiency of transmitting an information signal in a direct communication channel and, accordingly, maximizing the quality of receiving an information signal at a mobile station.

The problem is solved in that in the method of transmitting a signal according to the first embodiment, which consists in the fact that

form at the base station M diversity groups of transmission channels for K transmission channels in each, where M≥1, K≥1;

transmitting from a base station to a mobile station a pilot signal from each of M · K transmission channels of diversity groups;

assessing at the mobile station using the transmitted pilot silnals the impulse characteristics of M · K transmission channels of diversity groups;

according to the invention, the following sequence of actions is introduced:

form at the mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction in K-1 weighting coefficients of the transmission direction in each set, where 1≤L _m ≤K, and m = 1, 2, ..., M using the estimated impulse responses of M · K transmission channels of diversity groups;

evaluating at the mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction the transfer function of the directional transmission channel corresponding to this set;

transmit a feedback signal from the mobile station to the base station, containing for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _{m the} generated sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction, and also containing for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction estimated transfer function;

forming at the base station on each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _m directional channels using transmitted sets of weight coefficients of the transmission direction;

form at the base station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m directional transmission channels the signal spectrum correction channels and adjust their transfer functions in accordance with the transmitted estimated transfer functions of the directional transmission channels so as to maximize the reception quality of the information signal on the mobile station

form at the base station for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m directional transmission channels a copy of the information signal and simultaneously transmit all the generated copies of the information signal through the corresponding channels of the directional transmission, previously passing them through the corresponding correction channels of the signal spectrum.

Moreover, all transmitted pilot signals and the information signal are orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to each other.

The problem is solved in that in the method of transmitting a signal according to the second embodiment, which consists in the fact that

form at the base station M diversity groups of transmission channels for K transmission channels in each, where M≥1, K≥1;

transmit from the base station to the mobile station from each of the M · K transmission channels of the diversity groups of the pilot-force;

assessing at the mobile station using the transmitted pilot signals the impulse responses of M · K diversity transmission channels;

according to the invention, the following sequence of actions is introduced:

form at the mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction in K-1 weighting coefficients of the transmission direction in each set, where 1≤L _m ≤K, and m = 1, 2, ..., M using the estimated impulse responses of M · K transmission channels of diversity groups;

transmitting a feedback signal from the mobile station to the base station, containing for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _{m the} generated sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction;

forming at the base station on each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _m directional channels using transmitted sets of weight coefficients of the transmission direction;

transmitting from the base station to the mobile station from each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels on each of the L _m directional transmission channels, a pilot signal for diversity transmission;

evaluating at the mobile station using the transmitted pilots for diversity transmission for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels, the transfer functions L _m of directional transmission channels;

transmitting from the mobile station to the base station a feedback signal comprising, for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels, L _m estimated transfer functions of the directional transmission channels;

form at the base station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m directional transmission channels the signal spectrum correction channels and adjust their transfer functions in accordance with the transmitted estimated transfer functions of the directional transmission channels so as to maximize the reception quality of the information signal on the mobile station

form at the base station for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m directional transmission channels a copy of the information signal and simultaneously transmit all the generated copies of the information signal through the corresponding channels of the directional transmission, previously passing them through the corresponding correction channels of the signal spectrum.

The problem is solved in that in the method of transmitting a signal according to the third embodiment, which consists in the fact that

form at the base station M diversity groups of transmission channels for K transmission channels in each, where M≥1, K≥1;

transmitting from a base station to a mobile station a pilot signal from each of M · K transmission channels of diversity groups;

assessing at the mobile station using the transmitted pilot signals the impulse responses of M · K diversity transmission channels;

according to the invention, the following sequence of actions is introduced:

form at the mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction in K-1 weighting coefficients of the transmission direction in each set, where 1≤L _m ≤K, and m = 1, 2, ..., M using the estimated impulse responses of M · K transmission channels of diversity groups;

evaluating at the mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction the transfer function of the directional transmission channel corresponding to this set;

transmitting a feedback signal from the mobile station to the base station, containing for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _{m the} generated sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction;

forming at the base station on each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _m directional channels using transmitted sets of weight coefficients of the transmission direction;

transmitting from the base station to the mobile station from each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels on each of the L _m directional transmission channels, a pilot signal for diversity transmission;

evaluating at the mobile station using the transmitted pilots for diversity transmission for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels, the transfer functions L _m of directional transmission channels;

combine at a mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels estimates of the transfer function of each of L _m directional transmission channels obtained using K pilot signals transmitted from this diversity group of transmission channels and obtained using a pilot signal for diversity transmission, transmitted from this diversity group of transmission channels;

transmitting from the mobile station to the base station a feedback signal comprising, for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels, L _m estimated transfer functions of the directional transmission channels;

form at the base station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m directional transmission channels the signal spectrum correction channels and adjust their transfer functions in accordance with the transmitted estimated transfer functions of the directional transmission channels so as to maximize the reception quality of the information signal on the mobile station

form at the base station for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m directional transmission channels a copy of the information signal and simultaneously transmit all the generated copies of the information signal through the corresponding channels of the directional transmission, previously passing them through the corresponding correction channels of the signal spectrum.

Moreover, all transmitted pilot signals, pilot signals for directional transmission and the information signal are orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to each other.

Moreover, to form at the mobile station for each of the M separated groups of transmission channels L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction in K-1 weighting coefficients of the transmission direction in each set:

по формулеform for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of N, where N≥1, the resolvable time beams of the transmitted pilot signals, the spatial correlation matrix

according to the formula

Where

- h _{m, k, n} is the coefficient of the estimated impulse response of the k-th transmission channel of the m-th diversity group, corresponding to the n-th solvable time beam of the transmitted pilot signals,

- m = 1, 2, ..., M, k = 1, 2, ..., K, n = 1, 2, ..., N,

- x ^* - complex conjugation operation x;

всех разрешимых временных лучей по формулеform a spatial correlation matrix for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels

all solvable time rays according to the formula

, где i≥1 - номер шага усреднения, по формулеform for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels an averaged spatial correlation matrix

where i≥1 is the number of averaging step, according to the formula

where 0≤α≤1 - averaging coefficient;

на собственные значения θ_m,k и соответствующие им собственные вектора

, где k=1, 2, ..., K;decompose the averaged spatial correlation matrix

on the eigenvalues θ _{m, k} and the corresponding eigenvectors

where k = 1, 2, ..., K;

among the eigenvalues θ _{m, k} choose the maximum eigenvalue θ _{m, max} ;

choose among all eigenvalues such eigenvalues θ _{m, j} for which the condition

where 0≤β≤1, j = 1, 2, ..., L _m , and L _m is equal to the number of eigenvalues θ _{m, j} for which this condition is satisfied;

, соответствующих L_m выбранным собственным значениям θ_m,j;choose L _m eigenvectors

corresponding to L _m selected eigenvalues θ _{m, j} ;

form L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction by K-1 weighting coefficients of the transmission direction in each set by the formula

Where

- W _{m, j, k} is the k-th weight coefficient of the transmission direction of the j-th set of weight coefficients of the transmission direction, m-th diversity group of transmission channels,

- V _{m, j, k} is the kth element of the jth eigenvector of the averaged spatial correlation matrix of the mth diversity group of transmission channels,

- m = 1, 2, ..., M, j = 1, 2, ..., k = 2, 3, ..., K.

Moreover, when evaluating at the mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of L _m sets of weight coefficients of the transmission direction of the transfer function of this directional transmission channel:

form the impulse response of this directional transmission channel according to the formula

Where

- W _{m, j, k} is the k-th weight coefficient of the transmission direction of the j-th set of weight coefficients of the transmission direction, m-th diversity group of transmission channels,

- m = 1, 2, ..., M, j = 1, 2, ..., L _m , k = 1, 2, ..., K,

- импульсная характеристика k-го канала передачи m-й разнесенной группы каналов передачи,-

- impulse response of the k-th transmission channel of the m-th diversity group of transmission channels,

- where

- h _{m, k, n} is the coefficient of the estimated impulse response of the k-th transmission channel of the m-th diversity group, corresponding to the n-th solvable time beam of the transmitted pilot signals,

- τ _n is the delay of the n-th solvable temporal beam of the transmitted pilot silnals,

- m = 1, 2, ..., M, k = 1, 2, ..., K, n = 1, 2, ..., N;

find the transfer function of this directional transmission channel as the Fourier transform of the generated impulse response H _{m, j of} this directional transmission channel.

Moreover, when forming at the base station on each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels L _m directional channels in each of L _m channels, K copies of the input signal of a given directional transmission channel are generated and transmitted through the corresponding transmission channel of this diversity group of transmission channels, having previously multiplied each, starting from the second, a copy of the input signal to the corresponding weight of the transmission direction of the corresponding set of weight coefficients of the transmission direction.

Moreover, when evaluating at a mobile station using transmitted pilots for diversity transmission for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels of the transfer functions L _m directional channels, the impulse response of each of L _m channels of directional transmission is estimated and an estimate of its transfer function as the Fourier transform from the estimated impulse response of this directional transmission channel.

Moreover, when combining at a mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels, estimates of the transfer function of each of L _m directional transmission channels obtained using K pilot signals transmitted from this diversity group of transmission channels and obtained using a pilot signal for diversity transmission transmitted from this diversity group of transmission channels average these two estimates of the transfer function with weights inversely proportional to the error characteristics of these estimates.

Moreover, when the signal spectrum correction channels are being formed at the base station, the transfer function of each signal spectrum correction channel is formed as a function that is complexly conjugate to the corresponding estimated transfer function of the directional transmission channel.

дополнительных блоков направленной передачи,

блоков коррекции спектра сигнала, при этом первый вход каждого из

блоков коррекции спектра сигнала является входом информационного сигнала, второй вход каждого из

блоков коррекции спектра сигнала является входом соответствующей передаточной функции канала направленной передачи, выход каждого из

блоков коррекции спектра сигнала соединен с первым входом соответствующего блока направленной передачи, каждый из K выходов каждого из

дополнительных блоков направленной передачи соединен с (L_m-1), где m принимает значения от 1 до М, дополнительными вторыми входами соответствующего блока суммирования.The problem is also solved due to the fact that the signal transmission device according to the first embodiment (for implementing the method according to the first embodiment), containing M directional transmission blocks, M · K summing blocks, M · K analog transmitters, M · K antenna elements, the second inputs of each of the M directional transmission blocks are the inputs of the respective weighting coefficients of the transmission direction, each of the K outputs of each of the M directional transmission blocks is connected to the second input of the corresponding summing block According to the invention, the first input of each of M · K summing blocks is the input of the corresponding pilot signal, the outputs of the summing blocks are connected to the inputs of the corresponding analog transmitters, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding antenna elements, the outputs of which are outputs of the signal transmission device

additional blocks of directional transmission,

signal spectrum correction blocks, with the first input of each of

blocks of correction of the spectrum of the signal is the input of the information signal, the second input of each of

blocks of correction of the spectrum of the signal is the input of the corresponding transfer function of the directional transmission channel, the output of each

signal spectrum correction blocks are connected to the first input of the corresponding directional transmission block, each of the K outputs of each of

additional blocks of directional transmission is connected to (L _m -1), where m takes values from 1 to M, additional second inputs of the corresponding block summation.

дополнительных блоков направленной передачи, введены из

блоков коррекции спектра сигнала, введены

сумматоров, при этом первый вход каждого из

блоков коррекции спектра сигнала является входом информационного сигнала, второй вход каждого из

блоков коррекции спектра сигнала является входом соответствующей передаточной функции канала направленной передачи, выход каждого из

блоков коррекции спектра сигнала соединен с первым входом соответствующего сумматора, второй вход каждого из

сумматоров является входом соответствующего пилот-сигнала для разнесенной передачи, выход каждого из

сумматоров соединен с первым входом соответствующего блока направленной передачи, каждый из K выходов каждого из

дополнительных блоков направленной передачи соединен с (L_m-1), где m принимает значения от 1 до М, дополнительными вторыми входами соответствующего блока суммирования.The problem is also solved due to the fact that the signal transmission device according to the second embodiment (for implementing the method according to the second and third options) containing M directional transmission blocks, M · K summing blocks, M · K analog transmitters, M · K antenna elements, while the second inputs of each of the M directional transmission blocks are the inputs of the respective weighting coefficients of the transmission direction, each of the K outputs of each of the M directional transmission blocks is connected to the second input of the corresponding block Single summing the first input of each of M · K summation block is input to the corresponding pilot signal, the outputs of the summation units are connected to the inputs of respective analog transmitters, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the respective antenna elements, outputs of which are the outputs of the signal transmission device according to the invention introduced

additional directional transmission blocks introduced from

signal spectrum correction blocks, introduced

adders, with the first input of each of

blocks of correction of the spectrum of the signal is the input of the information signal, the second input of each of

blocks of correction of the spectrum of the signal is the input of the corresponding transfer function of the directional transmission channel, the output of each

signal spectrum correction blocks are connected to the first input of the corresponding adder, the second input of each of

adders is the input of the corresponding pilot signal for diversity transmission, the output of each of

adders connected to the first input of the corresponding directional transmission unit, each of the K outputs of each of

additional blocks of directional transmission is connected to (L _m -1), where m takes values from 1 to M, additional second inputs of the corresponding block summation.

In this case, the directional transmission unit, for example, contains K multipliers, the combined first inputs of K multipliers are the first input of the directional transmission unit, their second inputs are the second inputs of the directional transmission unit, and their outputs are the outputs of the directional transmission unit.

The claimed group of inventions, the signal transmission method (options) and the device for its implementation (options) have significant differences from the known technical solutions. Together, these differences make it possible to increase the efficiency of transmitting an information signal in a direct communication channel and, accordingly, to maximize the quality of reception of an information signal at a mobile station. The differences are as follows.

Firstly, instead of the operation of multiplying copies of the information signal by weighting diversity coefficients (as in the prototype), the operation of adjusting the spectrum of copies of the information signal was introduced, and instead of the multipliers, signal spectrum correction blocks were introduced. This provides a coherent addition of copies of the information signal at the receiving side in the case of frequency selective fading of the signal.

Secondly, instead of transmitting in one direction from each diversity group of transmission channels (as in the prototype), transmission is provided in several directions of transmission from each diversity group of transmission channels. Corresponding sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction are formed at the mobile station. In the inventive signal transmission device (options), an appropriate number of directional transmission blocks has been added. This significantly increases the number of transmission channels and, accordingly, increases the efficiency of fading averaging.

Thirdly, the inventive method (according to the second embodiment) and the device for its implementation (according to the second embodiment) provide for the evaluation of the transfer functions of the directional transmission channels by the pilot signals for diversity transmission transmitted in each of the transmission directions. This improves the quality of estimates of the transfer functions of directional transmission channels and, accordingly, increases the efficiency of coherent addition of copies of the information signal at the receiving side, which increases the quality of reception at the mobile station.

Fourth, the inventive method (according to the third embodiment) and the device for its implementation (according to the second embodiment) provide for the estimation of the transfer functions of directional transmission channels both from the pilot signals transmitted from each antenna element and from the pilot signals for diversity transmission, transmitted in each direction of transmission, with the subsequent combination of these estimates. This improves the quality of estimates of the transfer functions of directional transmission channels and, accordingly, increases the efficiency of coherent addition of copies of the information signal at the receiving side, which increases the quality of reception at the mobile station.

The description of the invention is illustrated by examples and drawings.

Figure 1 shows the curves of the dependence of the probability of a bit error on the SINR in a channel with Rayleigh fading and additive Gaussian interference (the sum of noise and intra-system interference) on the SINR.

Figure 2 shows a linear equidistant antenna array.

Figure 3 illustrates the radiation patterns of an adaptive antenna array.

4 illustrates a distribution channel from a base station to a mobile station.

Figure 5 shows an example implementation of a known method according to Siemens, Advanced closed loop Tx diversity concept (eigenbeamformer), 3GPP TSG RAN WG 1 document, TSGR1 # 14 (00) 0853, July 4-7, 2000, Oulu, Finland.

6 illustrates the implementation of the prototype method.

Figure 7 is a structural diagram of a prototype device.

In Fig. 8, a block diagram of a directional transmission block is made, shown as an example of implementation.

Figure 9 is a structural diagram of the inventive signal transmission device according to the first embodiment.

Figure 10 is a structural diagram of the inventive signal transmission device according to the second embodiment.

блоков коррекции спектра сигнала 7-1-1-7-M-L_M,

блоков направленной передачи 2-1-1-2-M-L_M, М·K блоков суммирования 3-1-1-3-М-K, М·K аналоговых передатчиков 4-1-1-4-М-K, М·K антенных элементов 5-1-1-5-М-K, при этом объединенные первые входы блоков коррекции спектра сигнала 7-1-1-7-M-L_M являются входами информационного сигнала, их вторые входы являются входами соответствующих передаточных функций канала направленной передачи, выходы блоков коррекции спектра сигнала 7-1-1-7-M-L_M соединены с первыми входами соответствующих блоков направленной передачи 2-1-1-2-M-L_M, вторые входы которых являются входами соответствующих весовых коэффициентов направления передачи, K выходов каждого из блоков направленной передачи 2-1-1-2-M-L_M соединены со вторыми входами соответствующих блоков суммирования 3-1-1-3-М-K, первые входы которых являются входами соответствующих пилот-сигналов, выходы блоков суммирования 3-1-1-3-М-K соединены со входами соответствующих аналоговых передатчиков 4-1-1-4-М-K, выходы которых соединены со входами соответствующих антенных элементов 5-1-1-5-М-K, выходы которых являются выходами устройства передачи сигнала.According to a first embodiment, the signal transmission device (FIG. 9) comprises

signal spectrum correction blocks 7-1-1-7-ML _M ,

directional transmission blocks 2-1-1-2-ML _M , M · K summing blocks 3-1-1-3-М-K, М · K analog transmitters 4-1-1-4-М-K, М · K antenna elements 5-1-1-5-M-K, while the combined first inputs of the spectrum correction blocks of the signal 7-1-1-7-ML _M are the inputs of the information signal, their second inputs are the inputs of the corresponding transfer functions of the directional transmission channel , the outputs of the blocks for spectrum correction of the signal 7-1-1-7-ML _{M are} connected to the first inputs of the corresponding blocks of directional transmission 2-1-1-2-ML _M , the second inputs of which are inputs of the corresponding weighting coefficients of the direction of transmission, K outputs of each of the blocks of directional transmission 2-1-1-2-ML _{M are} connected to the second inputs of the respective summing blocks 3-1-1-3-M-K, the first inputs of which are inputs of the corresponding pilot signals , the outputs of the summing blocks 3-1-1-3-M-K are connected to the inputs of the corresponding analog transmitters 4-1-1-4-M-K, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding antenna elements 5-1-1-5-M -K, the outputs of which are outputs of the signal transmission device.

блоков коррекции спектра сигнала 7-1-1-7-M-L_M,

сумматоров 8-1-1-8-M-L_M,

блоков направленной передачи 2-1-1-2-M-L_M, M·K блоков суммирования 3-1-1-3-M-K, M·K аналоговых передатчиков 4-1-1-4-М-K, М·K антенных элементов 5-1-1-5-М-K, при этом объединенные первые входы блоков коррекции спектра сигнала 7-1-1-7-M-L_M являются входами информационного сигнала, их вторые входы являются входами соответствующих передаточных функций канала направленной передачи, выходы блоков коррекции спектра сигнала 7-1-1-7-M-L_M соединены с первыми входами соответствующих сумматоров 8-1-1-8-M-L_M, вторые входы которых являются входами соответствующих пилот-сигналов для разнесенной передачи, выходы сумматоров 8-1-1-8-M-L_M соединены с первыми входами соответствующих блоков направленной передачи 2-1-1-2-M-L_M, вторые входы которых являются входами соответствующих весовых коэффициентов направления передачи, K выходов каждого из блоков направленной передачи 2-1-1-2-M-L_M соединены со вторыми входами соответствующих блоков суммирования 3-1-1-3-М-K, первые входы которых являются входами соответствующих пилот-сигналов, выходы блоков суммирования 3-1-1-3-М-K соединены со входами соответствующих аналоговых передатчиков 4-1-1-4-М-K, выходы которых соединены со входами соответствующих антенных элементов 5-1-1-5-М-K, выходы которых являются выходами устройства передачи сигнала.According to a second embodiment, the signal transmission device (FIG. 10) comprises

signal spectrum correction blocks 7-1-1-7-ML _M ,

adders 8-1-1-8-ML _M ,

blocks of directional transmission 2-1-1-2-ML _M , M · K summing blocks 3-1-1-3-MK, M · K analog transmitters 4-1-1-4-М-K, M · K antenna elements 5-1-1-5-M-K, while the combined first inputs of the blocks for the correction of the spectrum of the signal 7-1-1-7-ML _M are the inputs of the information signal, their second inputs are the inputs of the corresponding transfer functions of the directional transmission channel, the outputs spectrum correction signal blocks 7-1-1-7-ML _M are connected to first inputs of corresponding adders 8-1-1-8-ML _M, the second inputs of which are the inputs of the respective pilot signals for the p znesennoy transmission, the outputs of adders 8-1-1-8-ML _M are connected to first inputs of respective blocks of directional transmission 2-1-1-2-ML _M, the second inputs of which are the inputs of the corresponding direction of transmission of weighting coefficients, K outputs of each of the blocks directional transmission 2-1-1-2-2-ML _{M are} connected to the second inputs of the respective summing blocks 3-1-1-3-M-K, the first inputs of which are the inputs of the corresponding pilot signals, the outputs of the summing blocks 3-1-1- 3-M-K connected to the inputs of the corresponding analog transmitters 4-1-1-4-M-K, output s which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding antenna elements 5-1-1-5-M-K, the outputs of which are outputs of the signal transmission device.

Moreover, for example, each directional transmission block 2-1-1-2-ML _M contains K multipliers 6-m-1-6-mK, while the combined first inputs of K multipliers 6-m-1-6-mK are the first the input of the directional transmission unit, their second inputs are the second inputs of the directional transmission unit, and their outputs are the outputs of the directional transmission unit.

Consider the work of the proposed method of signal transmission (options) and devices for its implementation (options).

According to the first embodiment, the signal transmission method is carried out on a device whose structural diagram is made in Fig.9.

Form at the base station M diversity groups of transmission channels for K transmission channels in each, where M≥1, K≥1.

Each of the M · K transmission channels is formed by a corresponding 4-m-k analog transmitter and a corresponding 5-m-k antenna element, where m takes values from 1 to M, and k takes values from 1 to K.

Each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels is formed by a corresponding directional transmission unit, one of the 2-mj blocks, where j takes values from 1 to L _m , the corresponding analog transmitters 4-m-1-4-mK and the corresponding antenna elements 5-m- 1-5-mK.

Each spaced group of transmission channels is an adaptive antenna array. In total, M diversity adaptive antenna arrays are used for transmission.

A pilot signal is transmitted from the base station to the mobile station from each of M · K transmission channels of the diversity groups.

Each of the M · K pilot signals is fed to the first input of the corresponding 3-mk summing unit, the output of which goes to the input of the corresponding 4-mk analog transmitter, the output of which goes to the input of the corresponding 5-mk antenna element, the output of which is the output of the device signal transmission.

Since each pilot signal is transmitted through only one transmission channel, it is transmitted non-directionally, i.e. with a radiation pattern equal to the radiation pattern of one antenna element.

All transmitted pilot signals and the information signal are orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to each other.

By orthogonality or quasi-orthogonality of pilot signals is meant a situation where the maximum value of the correlation function between two pilot signals is much less than the maximum value of the autocorrelation function of each pilot signal.

At the mobile station, the impulse responses of the M · K diversity channel transmission channels are estimated at the mobile station.

This assessment can be carried out using known methods, for example, as described in A. Hewitt, W. Lau, J. Austin, and E. Wilar, "An autoregressive approach to the identification of multipath ray parameters from field measurements," IEEE Trans. on Comm., vol. 37, p.1136-1143, Nov. 1989 or J. J. Ehrenberg, T. Ewart, and R. Morris, "Signal processing techniques for resolving individual pulses in a multipath signal," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., Vol. 63, p. 1861-1865, Jun. 1978, or Zoran kostic, M. Ibrahim Sezan, and Edward L. Titlebaum, "Estimation of the parameters of a multipath channel using set-theoritic deconvolution," IEEE Trans. on Comm., vol. 40, No.6, June 1992.

Form at the mobile station for each of the M separated groups of transmission channels L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction by K-1 weighting coefficients of the transmission direction in each set, where 1≤L _m ≤K, and m = 1, 2, ..., M using the estimated impulse responses of M · K transmission channels of diversity groups.

As noted earlier in the description of the Siemens counterpart, Advanced closed loop Tx diversity concept (eigenbeamformer), 3GPP TSG RAN WG 1 document, TSGR1 # 14 (00) 0853, July 4-7, 2000, Oulu, Finland, usually a distribution channel from the base station to the mobile station includes several spatially concentrated areas of the reflectors, reflecting from which the signal enters the mobile station (see figure 4).

Therefore, there are several effective transmission directions from the base station to the mobile station. When transmitted in these directions, the radiated energy will reach the mobile station, and when transferred in other directions, most of the energy radiated in these directions will not reach the mobile station, for example, it will be blocked by buildings.

At the mobile station, these effective transmission directions are determined for each spaced adaptive antenna array and the corresponding sets of weighted transmission coefficients are generated.

To do this, carry out the following sequence of actions on the mobile station.

по формулеFor each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of N, where N≥1, the resolvable time beams of the transmitted pilot signals are generated, a spatial correlation matrix is formed

according to the formula

Where

- h _{m, k, n} is the coefficient of the estimated impulse response of the k-th transmission channel of the m-th diversity group, corresponding to the n-th solvable time beam of the transmitted pilot signals,

- m = 1, 2, ..., M, k = 1, 2, ..., K, n = 1, 2, ..., N,

- x ^* - complex conjugation operation x.

всех разрешимых временных лучей по формулеA spatial correlation matrix is formed for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels

all solvable time rays according to the formula

, где i≥1 - номер шага усреднения, по формулеFor each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels, an averaged spatial correlation matrix is formed

where i≥1 is the number of averaging step, according to the formula

where 0≤α≤1 - averaging coefficient.

на собственные значения θ_m,k и соответствующие им собственные вектора

, где k=1, 2, ..., K.Decomposition of the averaged spatial correlation matrix

on the eigenvalues θ _{m, k} and the corresponding eigenvectors

, where k = 1, 2, ..., K.

Among the eigenvalues θ _{m, k, choose the} maximum eigenvalue θ _{m, max} .

Choose among all eigenvalues such eigenvalues θ _{m, j} for which the condition

where 0≤β≤1, j = 1, 2, ..., L _m , and L _m is equal to the number of eigenvalues θ _{m, j} for which this condition is satisfied.

, соответствующих L_m выбранным собственным значениям θ_m,j.Choose L _m eigenvectors

corresponding to L _m selected eigenvalues θ _{m, j} .

Form L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction by K-1 weighting coefficients of the transmission direction in each set by the formula

Where

- W _{m, j, k} is the k-th weight coefficient of the transmission direction of the j-th set of weight coefficients of the transmission direction, m-th diversity group of transmission channels,

- V _{m, j, k} is the kth element of the jth eigenvector of the averaged spatial correlation matrix of the mth diversity group of transmission channels,

- m = 1, 2, ..., M, j = 1, 2, ..., L _m , k = 2, 3, ..., K.

The claimed invention does not exclude the possibility of evaluating the effective transmission directions at the mobile station for each adaptive antenna array in any other known manner. The important thing is the operation of determining all or part of the effective directions for each of the spaced adaptive antenna arrays.

The mobile function of the directional transmission channel corresponding to this set is estimated at a mobile station for each of M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of L _m sets of transmission direction weight coefficients.

Under the transfer function (or frequency transfer coefficient) of a linear system in the literature, for example, IS Gonorovsky Radio circuits and signals. M .: Soviet radio, 1977, p. 176-177 or S.I. Baskakov. Radio engineering circuits and signals, Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola, 1988, p.211-212, we mean a complex function equal to the quotient of the spectral densities of the output and input signals of a linear system.

To evaluate at a mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m sets of weights of the transmission direction coefficients of the transfer function of this directional transmission channel, the following sequence of operations is performed.

Form the impulse response of this directional transmission channel according to the formula

Where

- W _{m, j, k} is the k-th weight coefficient of the transmission direction of the j-th set of weight coefficients of the transmission direction, m-th diversity group of transmission channels,

- m = 1, 2, ..., M, j = 1, 2, ..., k = 1, 2, ..., K,

- импульсная характеристика k-го канала передачи m-й разнесенной группы каналов передачи,-

- impulse response of the k-th transmission channel of the m-th diversity group of transmission channels,

- where

- h _{m, k, n} is the coefficient of the estimated impulse response of the k-th transmission channel of the m-th diversity group, corresponding to the n-th solvable time beam of the transmitted pilot signals,

- τ _n is the delay of the n-th solvable time beam of the transmitted pilot signals,

- m = 1, 2, ..., M, k = 1, 2, ..., K, n = 1, 2, ..., N.

Find the estimate of the transfer function of this directional transmission channel as the Fourier transform of the generated impulse response H _{m, j of} this directional transmission channel.

The claimed invention does not exclude the possibility of evaluating the transfer functions of the distribution channels corresponding to the effective transmission directions from each of the adaptive antenna arrays, in any other known manner. What is important is precisely the operation of evaluating these transfer functions.

A feedback signal is transmitted from the mobile station to the base station, containing for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _{m the} generated sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction, and also containing for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction estimated transfer function.

Form at the base station on each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _m directional transmission channels using the transmitted sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction.

On each of the M adaptive antenna arrays, each of the L _m directional transmission channels is formed by a corresponding 2-mj directional transmission unit, where j takes values from 1 to L _{m by the} corresponding 4-m-1-4-mK analog transmitters and the corresponding 5- antenna elements m-1-5-mK.

The transmitted signal arrives at the first input of the 2-mj directional transmission unit, and a set of weight coefficients of the transmission direction (W _{m, j, 1} ≡ ₁ , W _{m, j, 2} , ..., W _{m, j, K} ).

In each of the directional transmission channels, K copies of the input signal of this directional transmission channel are generated and transmitted through the corresponding transmission channel of this diversity group of transmission channels, having previously multiplied each, starting from the second, copy of the input signal by the corresponding transmission direction weight coefficient of the corresponding set of direction weight coefficients transmission.

K copies of the input signal of the 2-mj directional transmission channel are supplied to the first inputs of the 6-m-1-6-mK multipliers, the second inputs of which receive weight coefficients of the transmission direction (W _{m, j, 1} ≡ ₁ , W _{m, j, 2} , ..., W _{m, j, K} ). In each of the 6-m-1-6-mK multipliers, the corresponding k-th copy of the signal, where k takes values from 1 to K, is multiplied by the corresponding weight coefficient of the transmission direction W _{m, j, k} .

Form at the base station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m directional transmission channels, signal spectrum correction channels and adjust their transfer functions in accordance with the transmitted estimated transfer functions of the directional transmission channels so as to maximize the reception quality of the information signal on the mobile station.

Moreover, the transfer function of each channel of the spectrum correction signal is formed as a function that is complex conjugate to the corresponding estimated transfer function of the directional transmission channel.

In "The method of coherent diversity transmission of the signal", RF patent No. 2192094, published October 27, 2002, bull. No. 30, IPC ⁷ N 04 V 7/005 shows that this ensures coherent addition of all spectral components of copies of the information signal transmitted from each adaptive antenna array in each of the effective transmission directions, and accordingly, the quality of reception of the information signal at the mobile station is maximized.

Each of the blocks for the correction of the spectrum of the signal 7-1-1-7-ML _M can be implemented in the form of a filter, the transfer function of which is equal to the function of the complex conjugate transfer function of the propagation channel corresponding to this directional transmission channel.

A copy of the information signal is generated at the base station for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m channels of directional transmission, and all generated copies of the information signal are transmitted simultaneously to the corresponding directional transmission channels, after passing them through the corresponding signal spectrum correction channels.

Those. copies of the information signal are transmitted to the mobile station from each adaptive antenna array in each of the effective transmission directions, having previously adjusted the spectrum of each copy of the information signal in such a way as to ensure coherent addition of all their spectral components, which maximizes the reception quality of the information signal at the mobile station.

копий информационного сигнала, которые поступают на первые входы блоков коррекции спектра сигнала 7-1-1-7-M-L_M и далее на первые входы блоков направленной передачи 2-1-1-2-M-L_M.First form

copies of the information signal that go to the first inputs of the spectrum correction blocks of the signal 7-1-1-7-ML _M and then to the first inputs of the blocks of directional transmission 2-1-1-2-ML _M.

In each of the blocks of directional transmission 2-1-1-2-ML _M , another K copies are formed from the information signal (with the spectrum already adjusted) received from it and transmitted to the first inputs of the 6-m-1-6-mK multipliers.

копий информационного сигнала со скорректированным спектром и умноженные на соответствующие весовые коэффициенты направления передачи поступают с выходов блоков направленной передачи 2-1-1-2-M-L_M на вторые входы блоков суммирования 3-1-1-3-М-K, с их выходов на входы аналоговых передатчиков 4-1-1-4-М-K, с их выходов на входы антенных элементов 5-1-1-5-М-K, а с их выходов по радиоканалу - на мобильную станцию.Then

copies of the information signal with the corrected spectrum and multiplied by the respective weighting coefficients of the transmission direction come from the outputs of the blocks of directional transmission 2-1-1-2-ML _M to the second inputs of the summing blocks 3-1-1-3-M-K, from their outputs to the inputs of analog transmitters 4-1-1-4-M-K, from their outputs to the inputs of the antenna elements 5-1-1-5-M-K, and from their outputs over the air - to a mobile station.

The summation blocks 3-1-1-3-M-K provide simultaneous transmission of copies of the information signal and pilot signals through M · K transmission channels.

According to the second embodiment, the signal transmission method is carried out on a device whose structural diagram is shown in FIG. 10.

Form at the base station M diversity groups of transmission channels for K transmission channels in each, where M≥1, K≥1.

Transmit from the base station to the mobile station from each of the M · K transmission channels of the diversity groups of the pilot-force.

At the mobile station, the impulse responses of the M · K diversity channel transmission channels are estimated at the mobile station.

Form at the mobile station for each of the M separated groups of transmission channels L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction by K-1 weighting coefficients of the transmission direction in each set, where 1≤L _m ≤K, and m = 1, 2, ..., M using the estimated impulse responses of M · K transmission channels of diversity groups.

This operation is performed similarly to the same operation in the first embodiment of the signal transmission method.

A feedback signal is transmitted from the mobile station to the base station, containing for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _{m the} generated sets of weight coefficients of the transmission direction.

Form at the base station on each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _m directional transmission channels using the transmitted sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction.

This operation is performed similarly to the same operation in the first embodiment of the signal transmission method.

A pilot signal is transmitted from the base station to the mobile station from each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m channels of directional transmission for diversity transmission.

Pilot signals for diversity transmission arrive at the corresponding second inputs of the adders 8-1-1-8-ML _M , the outputs of which are fed to the first inputs of the directional transmission units 2-1-1-2-ML _M , with K outputs of each of which arrive at the corresponding second inputs of the summing blocks 3-1-1-3-М-K, from the outputs of which they go to the inputs of the analog transmitters 4-1-1-4-М-K, from the outputs of which go to the inputs of the antenna elements 5-1 -1-5-M-K, from the outputs of which are transmitted by radio to a mobile station.

Directional transmission units 2-1-1-2-ML _M provide pilot transmission for diversity transmission in selected effective transmission directions.

At the mobile station, the transmit functions L _m of the directional channels are estimated at the mobile station using the transmitted diversity pilots for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels.

In this case, the impulse response of each of the L _m directional transmission channels is estimated and an estimate of its transfer function as the Fourier transform of the estimated impulse response of this directional transmission channel is generated.

A feedback signal is transmitted from the mobile station to the base station, containing for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _{m the} estimated transfer functions of the directional transmission channels.

The claimed invention does not exclude the possibility of evaluating the transfer functions of the distribution channels corresponding to the effective transmission directions from each of the adaptive antenna arrays, in any other known manner. What is important is precisely the operation of evaluating these transfer functions.

Form at the base station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m directional transmission channels, signal spectrum correction channels and adjust their transfer functions in accordance with the transmitted estimated transfer functions of the directional transmission channels so as to maximize the reception quality of the information signal on the mobile station.

This operation is performed similarly to the same operation in the first embodiment of the signal transmission method.

A copy of the information signal is generated at the base station for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m channels of directional transmission, and all generated copies of the information signal are transmitted simultaneously to the corresponding directional transmission channels, after passing them through the corresponding signal spectrum correction channels.

From the outputs of the corresponding blocks of the spectrum correction signal 7-1-1-7-ML _M copies of the information signal (with the spectrum already adjusted) are fed to the first inputs of the adders 8-1-1-8-ML _M , where they are summed with the corresponding pilot signals for diversity transmission, and then they go to the corresponding blocks of directional transmission 2-1-1-2-ML _M and then through the corresponding blocks to the radio channel and to the mobile station similarly to the first embodiment of the signal transmission method.

Adders 8-1-1-8-ML _M provide simultaneous transmission of copies of the information signal and pilot signals for diversity transmission in the selected effective transmission directions.

Moreover, all transmitted pilot signals, pilot signals for directional transmission and the information signal are orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to each other.

According to the third embodiment, the signal transmission method is carried out on a device whose structural diagram is made in FIG. 10.

Form at the base station M diversity groups of transmission channels for K transmission channels in each, where M≥1, K≥1.

A pilot signal is transmitted from the base station to the mobile station from each of M · K transmission channels of the diversity groups.

At the mobile station, the impulse responses of the M · K diversity channel transmission channels are estimated at the mobile station.

Form at the mobile station for each of the M separated groups of transmission channels L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction by K-1 weighting coefficients of the transmission direction in each set, where 1≤L _m ≤K, and m = 1, 2, ..., M using the estimated impulse responses of M · K transmission channels of diversity groups.

This operation is performed similarly to the same operation in the second embodiment of the signal transmission method.

The mobile function of the directional transmission channel corresponding to this set is estimated at a mobile station for each of M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of L _m sets of transmission direction weight coefficients.

This operation is performed similarly to the same operation in the second embodiment of the signal transmission method.

A feedback signal is transmitted from the mobile station to the base station, containing for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _{m the} generated sets of weight coefficients of the transmission direction.

Form at the base station on each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _m directional transmission channels using the transmitted sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission direction.

This operation is performed similarly to the same operation in the second embodiment of the signal transmission method.

A pilot signal for diversity transmission is transmitted from the base station to the mobile station from each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels on each of the L _m channels of directional transmission.

At the mobile station, the transmit functions L _m of the directional channels are estimated at the mobile station using the transmitted diversity pilots for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels.

This operation is performed similarly to the same operation in the second embodiment of the signal transmission method.

Combined at a mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels, estimates of the transfer function of each of L _m directional transmission channels obtained using K _m pilot signals transmitted from this diversity group of transmission channels and obtained using a pilot signal for diversity transmission transmitted from this diversity group of transmission channels.

In this case, for example, these two estimates of the transfer function are averaged with weights inversely proportional to the error characteristics of these estimates.

Such averaging provides the minimum error of the combined estimate in the case of the Gaussian nature of the errors of the data of two estimates.

The claimed invention allows the use of any other known method of combining two estimates of the transfer function of the directional transmission channel. Important here is the operation of combining the data of two estimates in order to reduce the error of the result of the union.

A feedback signal is transmitted from the mobile station to the base station, containing for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _{m the} estimated transfer functions of the directional transmission channels.

Form at the base station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m directional transmission channels, signal spectrum correction channels and adjust their transfer functions in accordance with the transmitted estimated transfer functions of the directional transmission channels so as to maximize the reception quality of the information signal on the mobile station.

This operation is performed similarly to the same operation in the second embodiment of the signal transmission method.

A copy of the information signal is generated at the base station for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m channels of directional transmission, and all generated copies of the information signal are transmitted simultaneously to the corresponding directional transmission channels, after passing them through the corresponding signal spectrum correction channels.

This operation is performed similarly to the same operation in the second embodiment of the signal transmission method.

The claimed group of inventions, the method of signal transmission (options) and a device for its implementation (options) have the following significant advantages compared with known in the art, inventions.

Firstly, it provides coherent addition of copies of the information signal at the receiving side in the case of frequency selective fading of the signal.

Secondly, it allows you to significantly increase the number of transmission channels and, accordingly, increase the efficiency of fading averaging.

Thirdly, it can improve the quality of estimates of the transfer functions of directional transmission channels and, accordingly, increase the efficiency of coherent addition of copies of the information signal at the receiving side, which increases the quality of reception at the mobile station.

The described advantages in aggregate can significantly increase the efficiency of transmitting an information signal in a direct communication channel and, accordingly, maximize the quality of reception of an information signal at a mobile station.

These advantages are achieved by adjusting the spectrum of copies of the transmitted information signal, transmitting copies of the information signal from each adaptive antenna array in each effective transmission direction, evaluating the transfer functions of the directional transmission channels for the pilot signals transmitted from each antenna element, according to the pilot signals for diversity transmission transmitted from each adaptive antenna array in each of the effective transmission directions, as well as combining the data of the two estimates.

Claims (14)

1. The method of signal transmission, which consists in forming at the base station M diversity groups of transmission channels over K transmission channels in each, where M≥1, K≥1, are transmitted from the base station to the mobile station from each of the M · K channels transmit the diversity groups of the pilot signal, evaluate at the mobile station using the transmitted pilot signals the impulse characteristics of M · K transmission channels of the diversity groups, characterized in that they form on the mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _m sets of weight codes the direction factors of transmission in K-1 weight coefficients of the direction of transmission in each set, where 1≤L _m ≤K, and m = 1, 2, ..., M, using the estimated impulse characteristics M · K of the transmission channels of the separated groups, evaluated at a mobile station for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission channel transfer function of the direction of directional transmission corresponding to this set is transmitted from the mobile station to the base station the feedback signal comprising for each of spaced apart groups of transmission L _m formed sets of weighting coefficients of transmission direction channels, and comprising for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of L _m sets of weighting the transmission direction coefficients estimated transfer function is formed on the base station to each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels L _m channels of directional transmission using transmitted sets of weighting coefficients of the direction of transmission, form at the base station for each of the M diversity groups channel transmission channels for each of the L _m directional transmission channels, signal spectrum correction channels and adjust their transfer functions in accordance with the transmitted estimated transfer functions of the directional transmission channels so as to maximize the reception quality of the information signal at the mobile station, is formed at the base station for each of M spaced apart groups of transmission channels for each of the channels L _m copy directional transmission information signal and simultaneously transmit all copies formed inf rmatsionnogo signal for the respective channels for supplying directional transmission in the transmission channels previously having passed through their corresponding channel spectrum correction signal. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that all transmitted pilot signals and the information signal are orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to each other. 3. The method of signal transmission, which consists in forming at the base station M diversity groups of transmission channels over K transmission channels in each, where M≥1, K≥1, are transmitted from the base station to the mobile station from each of the M · K channels transmit the diversity groups of the pilot signal, evaluate at the mobile station using the transmitted pilot signals the impulse characteristics of M · K transmission channels of the diversity groups, characterized in that they form on the mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _m sets of weight codes transmission direction factors for K-1 weight coefficients of the transmission direction in each set, where 1≤L _m ≤K, and m = 1, 2, ..., M, using the estimated impulse characteristics of M · K transmission channels of diversity groups, transmit with mobile station to the base station the feedback signal comprising for each of the M diversity group L _m of transmission channels formed by sets of weighting coefficients of transmission direction, is formed on the base station to each of M transmission channels spaced groups L _m channels of directional transmission used with it transmits a set of weighting coefficients transmission direction, is transmitted from the base station to the mobile station with each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of L _m channels directional transmission pilot for transmit diversity, estimate at the mobile station using the transmitted pilot signals for diversity transmitting, for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels, the transfer functions L _m of directional channels transmit a feedback signal from the mobile station to the base station containing I of each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _m estimated transfer functions of the directional channels, form at the base station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m channels of directional transmission the signal spectrum correction channels and adjust their transfer functions in accordance with the transmitted estimated transfer functions of directional channels in such a way as to maximize the reception quality of the information signal at the mobile station, form at the base station To each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of the channels L _m copy directional transmission information signal and simultaneously transmit all copies of the information signal generated by respective directional transmission channels for feeding in the transmission channels previously having passed through their corresponding channel spectrum correction signal. 4. The method of signal transmission, which consists in forming at the base station M diversity groups of transmission channels over K transmission channels in each, where M≥1, K≥1, are transmitted from the base station to the mobile station from each of the M · K channels transmit the diversity groups of the pilot signal, evaluate at the mobile station using the transmitted pilot signals the impulse characteristics of M · K transmission channels of the diversity groups, characterized in that they form on the mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels L _m sets of weight codes the direction factors of transmission in K-1 weight coefficients of the direction of transmission in each set, where 1≤L _m ≤K, and m = 1, 2, ..., M, using the estimated impulse characteristics M · K of the transmission channels of the separated groups, evaluated at a mobile station for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of L _m sets of weighting coefficients of the transmission channel transfer function of the direction of directional transmission corresponding to this set is transmitted from the mobile station to the base station the feedback signal comprising for each of diversity group L _m of transmission channels formed by sets of weighting coefficients of transmission direction, is formed on the base station to each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels L _m channel directional transmission using the transmitted sets of weighting coefficients of transmission direction, is transmitted from the base station to the mobile station with each of M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m directional transmission channels, the pilot signal for diversity transmission is evaluated at a mobile station using transmitted diversity pilots for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels, the transfer functions L _m of directional channels are combined at a mobile station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels of the transfer function estimates of each of L _m directional channels obtained using K a pilot of signals transmitted from this diversity group of transmission channels, and obtained using a pilot signal for diversity transmission transmitted from this diversity group of transmission channels, transmit a feedback signal from the mobile station to the base station containing, for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels, L _m estimated transfer functions of the directional transmission channels, form channels at each base station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m directional transmission channels correction of the spectrum of the signal and adjust their transfer functions in accordance with the transmitted estimated transfer functions of the directional channels in such a way as to maximize the quality of receiving an information signal at a mobile station, a copy of the information signal is formed at the base station for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels for each of the L _m channels of directional transmission and simultaneously all generated copies of the information signal are transmitted via the corresponding directional transmission channels for transmission to the transmission channels, previously passing them through the corresponding signal spectrum correction channels. 5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that all transmitted pilot signals, pilot signals for directional transmission and the information signal are orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to each other. 6. The method according to claim 1, or 3, or 4, characterized in that for the formation on the mobile station for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels L _m sets of weight coefficients of the direction of transmission in K-1 weight coefficients of the direction of transmission in each set is formed for each of M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of N, where N≥1, the resolvable time beams of the transmitted pilot signals are the spatial correlation matrix

according to the formula

where h _{m, k, n} is the coefficient of the estimated impulse response of the k-th transmission channel of the m-th diversity group, corresponding to the n-th solvable time beam of the transmitted pilot signals, m = 1, 2, ...; M, k = 1, 2, ..., K; n = 1, 2, ..., N; x ^* - complex conjugation operation x, form a spatial correlation matrix for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels

all solvable time rays according to the formula

form for each of the M spaced groups of transmission channels an averaged spatial correlation matrix

where i≥1 is the number of averaging step, according to the formula

where 0≤α≤1 - averaging coefficient, decompose the averaged spatial correlation matrix

on the eigenvalues θ _{m, k} and the corresponding eigenvectors

where k = 1, 2, ..., K; choose among the eigenvalues θ _{m, k the} maximum eigenvalue θ _{m, max} , choose among all eigenvalues such eigenvalues θ _{m, j} for which the condition

where 0≤β≤1, j = 1, 2, ..., L _m , a L _m is equal to the number of eigenvalues θ _{m, j} for which this condition is satisfied, choose L _m eigenvectors

corresponding to L _{m the} selected eigenvalues θ _{m, j} , form L _m sets of weight coefficients of the transmission direction by K-1 weight coefficients of the transmission direction in each set according to the formula

where W _{m, j, k} is the k-th weight coefficient of the transmission direction of the j-th set of weight coefficients of the transmission direction of the m-th diversity group of transmission channels, V _{m, j, k} is the k-th element of the j-th eigenvector of the averaged spatial matrix correlations of the m-th diversity group of transmission channels, m = 1, 2, ...; M, j = 1, 2, ..., L _m ; k = 2, 3, ..., K. 7. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that when evaluating at a mobile station for each of M spaced groups of transmission channels for each of L _m sets of weight coefficients of the transmission direction of the transfer function of this directional transmission channel, an impulse response of this directional transmission channel is generated according to the formula

where W _{m, j, k} is the k-th weight coefficient of the transmission direction of the j-th set of weight coefficients of the transmission direction of the m-th diversity group of transmission channels, m = 1, 2, ..., M; j = 1, 2, ..., L _m ; k = 1, 2, ..., K;

- impulse response of the k-th transmission channel of the m-th diversity group of transmission channels, where h _{m, k, n} is the coefficient of the estimated impulse response of the k-th transmission channel of the m-th diversity group, corresponding to the n-th resolved time beam of the transmitted pilot signals , τ _n is the delay of the n-th solvable time beam of the transmitted pilot signals, m = 1, 2, ..., M; k = 1, 2, ..., K; n = 1, 2, ..., N, find the transfer function of this directional transmission channel as the Fourier transform of the generated impulse response H _{m, j of} this directional transmission channel. 8. The method according to claim 1, or 3, or 4, characterized in that when forming at the base station at each of M spaced groups of transmission channels L _m channels of directional transmission in each of L _m channels form K copies of the input signal of this channel directional transmit and transmit them on the corresponding transmission channel of this diversity group of transmission channels, having previously multiplied each, starting from the second, a copy of the input signal by the corresponding weight coefficient of the transmission direction of the corresponding set of weight coefficients equalizing transmission. 9. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that when evaluating at a mobile station using transmitted pilot signals for diversity transmission for each of the M diversity groups of transmission channels of the transfer functions L _m directional channels, the impulse response of each of L _m directional transmission channels and form an estimate of its transfer function as the Fourier transform of the estimated impulse response of this directional transmission channel. 10. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that when combining at a mobile station for each of M diversity channel groups, estimates of the transfer function of each of the L _m directional transmission channels obtained using K pilot signals transmitted from this diversity channel group transmission and received using the pilot signal for diversity transmission transmitted from this diversity group of transmission channels, average these two estimates of the transfer function with weights inversely proportional to the error characteristics e their assessments. 11. The method according to claim 1, or 3, or 4, characterized in that when forming the signal spectrum correction channels at the base station, the transfer function of each signal spectrum correction channel is formed as a function complex conjugate to the corresponding estimated transfer function of the directional transmission channel. 12. A signal transmission device containing M directional transmission blocks, M · K summing blocks, M · K analog transmitters, M · K antenna elements, with each directional transmission block corresponding to K summing blocks, K analog transmitters and K antenna elements, each the directional transmission unit has K outputs, each of which corresponds to one of the K summation blocks, each of which corresponds to one of the K analog transmitters, each of which corresponds to one of the K antenna elements, respectively for this directional transmission block, the second inputs of each of the M directional transmission blocks are the inputs of the corresponding weighting coefficients of the transmission direction, each of the K outputs of each of the M directional transmission blocks is connected to the second input of the summing block corresponding to it, the first input of each of M · K the summing blocks is the input of the pilot signal, the outputs of the summing blocks are connected to the inputs of the corresponding analog transmitters, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding analog elements, the outputs of which are the outputs of the signal transmission device, characterized in that introduced

additional blocks of directional transmission and

signal spectrum correction blocks, with each of L _m additional directional transmission blocks corresponding to K summing blocks, K analog transmitters and K antenna elements corresponding to the m-th directional transmission block, each additional directional transmission block has K outputs, each of which corresponds to one from K summing blocks, each of which corresponds to one of K analog transmitters, each of which corresponds to one of K antenna elements corresponding to this block directionally 1st transmission, each of the blocks of the spectrum correction signal corresponds to one block of directional transmission, the first input of each of

blocks of the spectrum correction of the signal is the input of the information signal, the second input of each of

blocks of correction of the spectrum of the signal is the input of the corresponding transfer function of the directional transmission channel, the output of each

signal spectrum correction blocks are connected to the first input of the corresponding directional transmission block, each of the K outputs of each of

additional blocks of directional transmission is connected to additional second inputs of the corresponding summing block. 13. A signal transmission device containing M directional transmission blocks, M · K summing blocks, M · K analog transmitters, M · K antenna elements, with each directional transmission block corresponding to K summing blocks, K analog transmitters and K antenna elements, each the directional transmission unit has K outputs, each of which corresponds to one of the K summation blocks, each of which corresponds to one of the K analog transmitters, each of which corresponds to one of the K antenna elements, respectively For this directional transmission unit, the second inputs of each of the M directional transmission units are the inputs of the corresponding weighting coefficients of the transmission direction, each of the K outputs of each of the M directional transmission units is connected to the second input of the summing block corresponding to it, the first input of each of M · K the summing blocks is the input of the pilot signal, the outputs of the summing blocks are connected to the inputs of the corresponding analog transmitters, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the corresponding analog elements, the outputs of which are the outputs of the signal transmission device, characterized in that introduced

additional blocks of directional transmission,

signal spectrum correction blocks and

adders, wherein each of L _m additional directional transmission blocks corresponds to K summing blocks, K analog transmitters and K antenna elements corresponding to the directional transmission block m, each additional directional transmission block has K outputs, each of which corresponds to one of K summation blocks, each of which corresponds to one of the K analog transmitters, each of which corresponds to one of the K antenna elements corresponding to this directional transmission unit, each of the additional ADDITIONAL adders corresponds to one block of directional transmission, each spectrum correction signal blocks corresponds to one additional adder, the first input of each of

blocks of correction of the spectrum of the signal is the input of the information signal, the second input of each of

blocks of correction of the spectrum of the signal is the input of the corresponding transfer function of the directional transmission channel, the output of each

signal spectrum correction blocks are connected to the first input of the adder corresponding to it, the second input of each of

adders is the input of the pilot signal for diversity transmission, the output of each of

adders connected to the first input of the corresponding directional transmission unit, each of the K outputs of each of

additional blocks of directional transmission is connected to additional second inputs of the corresponding summing block. 14. The device according to p. 12 or 13, characterized in that the directional transmission unit contains K multipliers, wherein the combined first inputs of K multipliers are the first input of the directional transmission unit, their second inputs are second inputs of the directional transmission unit, and their outputs are outputs directional transmission unit.

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