RU2288558C1 - Compacting-leveling system for combined tillage units - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, surface soil tillage technique.

SUBSTANCE: compacting-leveling system has tine and rollers mounted on tine. Each of said rollers has disks with bars. Tine is equipped with spring-loaded lever mounted thereon by means of pivot joint, with axis of said lever being positioned at center of gravity of said system, in parallel with axes of rotation of rollers. One of said rollers is fixed on one arm of lever and other roller is fixed on other arm of lever. Bars of one roller have C-shaped section with convexity oriented toward roller axis and are provided with teeth fixed thereto. Bars of other roller have semi-circular section with convexity oriented away from axis of roller and are fixed at an angle to radius of roller.

EFFECT: improved quality of soil tillage by providing simultaneous crumbling of soil lumps, compaction, leveling, mulching and forming of wind and water resistant surface of tilled field.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the sealing-leveling systems of tillage combined units.

Known trailed sealing system of the unit AKP-2.5 [1], including a roller, on the trailer of which is mounted "drag harrow" - equalizer.

The disadvantages of the known sealing-leveling system of this unit should include the fact that it significantly increases the dimensions of the unit in length. The amount of compaction is regulated by changing the ballast of the earth in the boxes of the roller. When moving along a clumpy surface, the mass in the ballast boxes decreases, which leads to uneven compaction of the soil along the vertical of loosened soil.

Known hinged sealing-leveling system of a wide-grip combined unit [2], including rollers, disks, rods, teeth, a leveler with blades located on the cylindrical surface of the roller connected by a strut with the frame of the unit, which in turn is connected with a paddle roller by a L-shaped lever .

The disadvantages of the known sealing-leveling system include the fact that in this known design of the combined unit system, a special lifting device and other sophisticated technological methods are required that provide adjustment of the working tool depth to create compacted soil below 5 cm from the soil surface. This leads to time and money spent on costly installation and dismantling of nodes for connecting the rollers to the supporting system - the frame of a wide-range combined unit. In addition, in the known construction, the joints of the working bodies of the sealing-leveling system with the unit do not provide an even distribution of the load on the rollers, and therefore, the vertical compaction of the soil is reduced, the leveling and mulching of the soil surface is reduced.

Known sealing-leveling system of tillage units (tillage roller) [3], containing the rack mounted rollers on it, each of which has disks with rods.

A disadvantage of the known system is that when processing lumpy soil, lumps are not divided into fine fractions, and this makes it difficult to obtain loosened soil with different plasticity vertically, a middle layer of 0.07 cm is formed especially poorly, since the blade plates of the first row of the roller crumble unsatisfactorily lumps.

-образное сечение с выпуклостью, направленной к оси катка, и имеют закрепленные на них зубья, а штанги другого катка имеют

-образное сечение с выпуклостью, обращенной от оси катка, и поставлены под угол к радиусу катка.To eliminate these drawbacks and achieve a positive result, the rack is equipped with a sprung lever mounted on it by a hinge, the axis of which is located in the center of gravity of the system parallel to the axes of rotation of the rollers, with one roller mounted on one arm of the lever and the other on its other arm, and the rods single rink have

-shaped section with a bulge directed to the axis of the roller, and have teeth fixed to them, and the rods of another roller have

-shaped section with a bulge facing away from the axis of the roller, and set at an angle to the radius of the roller.

The installation between the axes of the rotating working bodies of the two-shouldered sprung lever makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the sealing-leveling system and to reduce the material consumption of the process of forming loosened soil in accordance with the requirements for a moisture-saving moisture-accumulating layer.

The location of the rollers with rods at the ends of the two shoulders of the lever allows you to design a compacting-leveling system more compact.

-образного сечения с зубьями, поставленного под прямым углом к радиусу и выпуклостью, направленной к оси вращения, способствует крошению почвы, но и концентрирует уплотнение почвы ниже глубины 5 см.The implementation of the rod of the first roller

-shaped with teeth set at right angles to the radius and a bulge directed to the axis of rotation, contributes to crumbling, but also concentrates soil compaction below a depth of 5 cm.

-образного сечения, поставленного под углом к радиусу катка с направлением выпуклости к поверхности почвы от оси вращения, увеличивает время контакта рабочей поверхности штанги с почвой, а следовательно, повышает плотность почвы в среднем разрыхленном слое.The execution of the rod of the second roller

-shaped section, set at an angle to the radius of the roller with the direction of convexity to the soil surface from the axis of rotation, increases the contact time of the working surface of the rod with the soil, and therefore increases the density of the soil in the middle loosened layer.

The location of the rods at an angle to the axis of rotation of the rollers provides a more (high-quality) uniform compaction of the soil in the vertical and horizontal planes, i.e. vertically by the area of the treated layer.

The connection of the lever with the rack springs by means of a hinge, the axis of which is located at the center of gravity of the system and parallel to the axes of rotation of the working bodies, helps to adapt the rollers to changing working conditions, which is an advantage of this system compared to the known ones, and the rack springs stabilize the depth of the rollers and its booms.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a sealing-leveling system, side view.

Figure 2 presents the aggregation scheme of the sealing-leveling system with the loosening part of the tillage combined unit.

Figure 3 shows the drawings of the rollers: respectively, the first roller, and a side view; b - top view; the second rink, in - side view; g - top view.

Figure 4 drawn rods of rollers: respectively, the first roller, and a side view; b - front view; the second rink, in - side view; d - front view.

The sealing-leveling system is connected to the frame of the supporting system of combined tillage units. It includes rollers 1, 2, discs 3, 4, rods 5, 6, teeth 7, an equalizer with blades made in the form of rods 6, a rack 8, a two-arm lever 9, axles 10, 11, 12, springs 13, 14.

-образное сечение с выпуклостью, поставленной на ней, зубья 7. Штанга 6 катка 2 имеет

-образное сечение с выпуклостью, обращенной от оси 11 катка 2, и поставлена под углом β к радиусу катка 2.The design feature of the proposed sealing-leveling system of the combined unit is that rollers 1, 2 are mounted on the rack 8. Each of these rollers has disks 3, 4 with rods 5, 6. The rack 8 is equipped with a sprung (using springs 13, 14) lever 9. The lever 9 and the rack are connected by a hinge. The axis 12 of this hinge parallel to the axes 10, 11 of rotation of the rollers 1, 2. The roller 1 is mounted on one arm of the lever 9, and the roller 2 on the other arm. Rod 5 of roller 1 has

-shaped section with a bulge placed on it, teeth 7. The rod 6 of the roller 2 has

-shaped section with a bulge facing from the axis 11 of the roller 2, and set at an angle β to the radius of the roller 2.

-образной штанги 5 осуществляет дополнительное крошение почвы, а рабочей поверхностью штанга 5 уплотняет почву, концентрируя плотность почвы, ниже 5 см, так как ее рабочая поверхность выполнена по радиусу R, а выпуклость направлена вниз во время работы к плоскости подреза пласта. Штанга катка 2

-образного сечения повышает равномерность уплотнения почвы, так как ее следы пересекаются со следами штанг катка 1. При изменении глубины хода рабочих органов рыхлящей части агрегата не требуется корректировки глубины хода штанги катков 1, 2, потому что двуплечий рычаг присоединен шарнирно к стойке 8 рессорами 13, 14 и обеспечивает адаптацию их к изменяющимся условиям. Зубья штанг катка 1 обеспечивают повышения крошения поверхности взрыхленного слоя. Кроме того, штанги 6 выравнивают поверхность почвы, мульчируют верхний слой. Выполнение этих поверхностных агротехнических приемов одновременно с подрезанием пласта, послойным рыхлением сокращает нарушение структуры почвы, повышает ветроводоустойчивость взрыхленного слоя и поверхности обрабатываемого поля. Следовательно, применение предлагаемой уплотняюще-выравнивающей системы в агрегате с рыхлящей частью почвообрабатывающего комбинированного агрегата не нарушает экологического равновесия в зоне применения.The sealing-leveling system is as follows. When moving the tillage combined unit in the working position (figure 2), the working bodies of its loosening part produce shallow shallow tillage at a specified depth, then the roller 1 with its teeth 7 and the edge free from teeth

-shaped rod 5 provides additional crumbling of the soil, and the working surface of the rod 5 compacts the soil, concentrating the density of the soil below 5 cm, since its working surface is made along the radius R, and the bulge is directed downward during operation to the plane of the undercut of the formation. Roller bar 2

-shaped cross-section increases the uniformity of soil compaction, since its traces intersect with the tracks of the roller rollers 1. When changing the depth of the working bodies of the loosening part of the machine, the depth of travel of the roller rods 1, 2 is not required, because the two-arm lever is pivotally connected to the rack 8 springs 13 , 14 and ensures their adaptation to changing conditions. The teeth of the rods of the roller 1 provide increased crumbling of the surface of the loosened layer. In addition, the rods 6 level the surface of the soil, mulch the top layer. The implementation of these surface agricultural techniques simultaneously with the cutting of the layer, layer-by-layer loosening reduces the violation of the soil structure, increases the wind resistance of the loosened layer and the surface of the treated field. Therefore, the use of the proposed sealing-leveling system in an aggregate with a loosening part of a tillage combined aggregate does not violate the ecological balance in the area of application.

Information sources

1. Borodin NN, Kirichenko AS Recommendations for tillage for winter crops after unpaired precursors with AKP-2.5 aggregate. Voroshilovograd - Zernograd: Publishing house "Voroshilovogradskaya Pravda" - 1977. - P.15.

2. Shirokozakhvatny combined soil-cultivating unit. RF patent No. 2220521 dated 01/08/2002 (Taranin V.I., Rykov V.B., Vasilenko N.I., Bertov A.A.) by Application No. 20021000481.

3. Tillage roller SU No. 1342438. Application No. 4055210 / 30-15 from 04/15/86. (Yu.S. Mukhin et al.). Publ. Bull. No. 37, 10/7/1987. - C.3.

Claims (1)

A compacting-leveling system for a soil cultivating combined unit comprising a rack and rollers mounted on it, each of which has disks with rods, characterized in that the rack is equipped with a sprung lever mounted on it by a hinge, the axis of which is located at the center of gravity of the system parallel to the axes of rotation of the rollers moreover, one roller is mounted on one shoulder of the lever, and the other on its other shoulder, and the rods of one roller have

-shaped section with a bulge directed to the axis of the roller, and have teeth fixed to them, and the rods of another roller have

-shaped section with a bulge facing away from the axis of the roller, and set at an angle to the radius of the roller.

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