RU2287993C1 - Method for complex therapy of focal infections in sea mammalians - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: one should inject medicinal preparation for animals simultaneously externally and internally, moreover, as medicinal preparation it is necessary to apply antiseptic preparation based upon technical fish oil. The preparation mentioned should be applied twice or thrice daily onto animal's skin. At first, affected part of skin should be washed with preparation's solution at concentration of 1:4 - 1:5, correspondingly, antiseptic preparation : solvent with pulsing stream at alternating increased and decreased pressure. Then it is necessary to lubricate with the preparation in its pure form or with its solution at concentration being 1:1 up to 1:3, correspondingly, antiseptic preparation : solvent. Simultaneously, the preparation should be given for oral intake as a dietary constituent at 5 ml/100 kg body weight in animals. The innovation provides inhibition of microflora, the decrease of bacterial seeding of a wound and shortens therapy terms.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of complex therapy.

4 ex, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to methods for treating captive marine mammals, and can be used both for treating cetaceans and pinnipeds.

Prevention and treatment of local infections of the skin is one of the urgent problems in veterinary medicine, this is especially important for the veterinary supply of marine mammals, the work of which is complicated by the specific way of their habitat. Ulcerative and purulent wounds of the skin are characterized by a significant severity of their course, transition to protracted forms, as well as the occurrence of purulent-septic complications. The experience of veterinary support of marine mammals has shown that many medications traditionally used in the practice of aquariums do not always bring a positive effect.

Currently, solutions for the surface aseptic treatment of wounds and affected skin of marine mammals are used: 0.2% furatsilina, 3% boric acid, silver nitrate solution, 25.0%, Levomycol water-soluble ointment, veterinary preparation - ointment " Yam ", tar birch, film-forming aerosols.

The disadvantage of these antiseptic drugs is their inefficiency due to the narrow spectrum of antimicrobial action, which leads to an increase in the duration of treatment and necessitates the use of high concentrations of drugs.

Known methods for treating skin diseases of marine mammals by treating the wound surface with Septonex aerosol followed by dusting with a mixture of streptocide and xeroform (Captivity and training of pinnipeds in the northern region. Apatity. 1992, p. 52-53).

The disadvantage of this method is that medicinal substances are applied only externally, which significantly increases the treatment time for animals.

A known method of complex treatment of marine mammals, including the simultaneous treatment of animals using drugs both locally and inward. In this case, the blood of dolphins was subjected to ultraviolet irradiation, as well as 80 mg 3 times a day antibiotics (gentamicin) and the medications necessary for treating animals were injected, and the wound surface was treated by lubricating the wound with a 1% aqueous solution of iodine, and then through 2 minutes with a 3-10% solution of sodium thiosulfate (A. Voronkov. Treatment of bottlenose dolphin disease caused by Yesherichia coli microbes and proteus mirabilis (X All-Union meeting on the study, protection, rational use of marine mammals. M., 1992, art. p. 64). The duration of treatment of animals was about 1.5 months.

The disadvantages of this method are the complexity and duration of treatment of animals.

The closest in technical essence is the method of complex treatment of marine mammals using drugs of external and internal use. An ointment based on Yam ointment was used as an external preparation, vitamins, nizoral, immunostimulants Tinrostim, Immunal, and antibacterial drugs served as internal preparations. Animal recovery occurred 5 months later (“Differentiation of the distribution of dermatocoses in beluga whales caused by fungi of various species.” Doroshenko AN, Lebedeva IZ Abstract of the II International Conference. Marine Mammals. Baikal, Russia. September 10-15, 2002 M., 2002).

The disadvantage of this method is the length of treatment.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the time of treatment of marine mammals through the use of funds with high antibacterial activity.

A method for the complex treatment of local infections of marine mammals, including the simultaneous use of drugs externally and inward, while according to the invention, a food preservative is additionally used as a medicine, which is applied 2-3 times a day to the skin of the animal, first, the affected area of the skin is washed with a preservative solution at a concentration of 1: 4-1: 5, respectively, food preservative: solvent with a pulsating jet with alternating high and low pressure, and then lubricate t pure food preservative or preservative solution in a concentration of from 1: 1 to 1: 3 respectively food preservative: solvent and at the same time given to the inside of the animal as part of the food based on the calculation - 5 ml per 100 kg of animal weight.

The solvent used is either saline, or water, or glycerin or other solvents authorized by the Ministry of Health and acceptable in the treatment of animals.

A food preservative is prepared according to the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2043725 dated 08/12/1992. To obtain a food preservative, technical fish oil is used with indicators corresponding to GOST 1304-76 (acid value from 1 to 20 mg KOH / 1 g lipids). Based on the feedstock, this drug is relatively inexpensive, it is very important, since a significant amount of preservative has to be used to treat surface wounds of animals. So for the treatment of wounds of beluga whales with an area of 0.5 m ² , 200-300 ml is required. This food preservative is used for the preparation of food products, so the use of it by animals inside with food does not bear any negative burden on the animal's body.

Food preservative is a clear straw-colored liquid with a slight smell of fish oil and is characterized by the following chemical indicators:

Peroxide value from 80 to 200 I;

The amount of free fatty acids from 40 to 60 μg of myristic acid;

The lipid content is from 0.04 to 0.08 I.

Antimicrobial effect: 1 ml of a preservative contains 40 thousand units, which lead to the death of 1 billion cells of E. coli, staphylococcus and other microorganisms within 24 hours. The basis of the food preservative is the ability to cause irreversible changes in the structure and metabolism of the microbial cell, which lead to a halt in its growth, reproduction and death. The main mechanism of antimicrobial action is antienzyme. Food preservative is characterized by non-specificity of action and irreversibility of damage to various enzymes (ecto-, endo- and isoenzymes) of the microbial cell. It belongs to the category of antiseptics of a universal spectrum of action, which have a damaging effect on large systematic groups of microbes, namely bacteria, fungi, protozoa.

The main way of introducing a food preservative externally is to apply it directly to the pathological focus, the area of protection of damaged or intact skin, mucous membranes and cavities. An obligatory step before treating skin lesions with a preservative is to free them from dead tissue, pus, fat, desquamated epithelium, as this opens access to microbes localized in the biotope wall, and the ratio between the molecules of the compounds and the microbial cells increases in a favorable direction. For this, the affected area of the skin, depending on the type (genus) of the pathogen (table 1), is washed with a large amount of a solution of a food preservative with a concentration of 1: 4 or 1: 5, respectively, a food preservative: solvent, using the pulsating jet method at alternating high and normal pressure. Due to the turbulent movement, the jet of preservative solution washes all parts of the damaged surface of the skin of marine mammals in the “pressure” phase and captures dead microorganism tissues, blood clots, and small foreign particles that remain in the wound. Then the washed wound is lubricated with a food preservative in its pure form or its solution in a concentration of from 1: 1 to 1: 3, respectively, a food preservative: a solvent and at the same time the animal is given inside as a part of the food based on the calculation of 5 ml per 100 kg of animal weight, since the drug orally causes the death of the pathogen from the inside. As a solvent, depending on the location of the affected area of the skin of the animal, either distilled water, or physiological saline, or glycerin, or other drugs can be used.

Quantitative indicators of the treatment of the affected area of the skin and its use inside were determined experimentally and calculated depending on the weight of the animal. If you change the specified amount of the drug in the direction of increasing or decreasing it, the treatment period for the animals either lengthens or the drug is overused, which leads to more expensive treatment. Preservative significantly accelerates the cleaning of skin lesions from microorganisms. The use of the drug provides inhibition of gram-negative and gram-positive microflora, reduction of bacterial contamination of skin lesions. Reliable stimulation in the development of granulation tissue and the effect on the surface epithelialization processes of the cleaned affected skin areas were noted. Under the influence of a preservative, the phenomena of inflammation, hyperimia, and edema disappear much faster.

The simultaneous use of a food preservative inward contributes to the death of the pathogen within the animal. Animals treated with a food preservative noted a good tolerance to the procedure. Side effects and complications were not detected, in addition, this drug is not addictive in animals.

The main changes in the clinical picture of the disease, showing the effectiveness of the treatment, are shown in table 2.

Analysis of the results of the study showed that, against the background of therapy, all animals using a food preservative recovered. As a rule, a decrease in skin edema and exudation was noted the very next day, hyperemia resolved on the 2nd day, and epithelialization of erosion was observed already on the 3rd – 4th day.

Thus, the results obtained indicate the high efficiency of the food preservative for the treatment of local infections in marine mammals. The use of a preservative provides inhibition of gram-negative and gram-positive microflora, reduction of bacterial contamination of the wound, shortens the time for cleansing it from purulent-necrotic tissues, as well as a stimulating effect on the development of granulation tissue and epithelization processes.

Examples of specific performance.

Example 1

Beluga nicknamed Langer, male 5 years old, weight 500 kg. A visual clinical examination showed: on the skin of the body, multiple lesions of a rounded shape 2 cm × 1 cm in size, the spots are dark with a light dot inside. There was severe edema of the subcutaneous tissue. The condition is closer to moderate, food and motor activity are normal. As a result of microbiological research, it was found that the skin of the animal was mainly affected by Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris. Local treatment was performed with a food preservative by applying it to the affected area of the skin three times a day and introducing it inside. As a supportive therapy, the Immunal immunostimulant was used in a dose of 30 drops once, the vitamin preparations - compliance, hexavit, ascorbic acid.

Before applying a food preservative to the affected area of the skin, the skin is washed with a large amount of a preservative solution in a concentration of 1: 4, respectively a food preservative: solvent, using a Janet syringe. Then the washed wound is lubricated with a food preservative in its pure form and at the same time it is given to the animal inside the composition of the food 20 ml / day. The food preservative was diluted with saline.

Already on the 3rd day a decrease in edema was noted. Microbial contamination of the wound is less than critical level (4.2 × 10 ⁴ cells in 1 cm ³ ). On day 5, minor inflammation persisted. The spots changed, the light dot increased in size, gradually crowding out the dark depigmented part of the skin lesion. The first signs of granulation tissue appeared. On day 8, scarring and epithelialization of the affected skin areas occurred, a slight gray depigmentation was observed in the affected spots, which merged with the general color of the skin, after about 1.5-2 weeks.

Example 2

Beluga nicknamed Nadia, female 4 years, 400 kg. White aphthous lesions on the frenum of the tongue, on the tongue on the right. Swelling and hyperimia of the affected areas of the mucous membrane of the tongue. The diagnosis is aphthous stomatitis. Bacterioscopically, the presence of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial forms of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes in scrapings from the affected areas was established. Microbial contamination of the wound was above a critical level. As a maintenance therapy, we used the Tinrostim immunostimulant in a dose of 1.5 mg once, vitamin preparations - complivit, hexavit, ascorbic acid, and 2 ml cardiomin once a day. Topically applied with a food preservative diluted in glycerol at a concentration of 1: 1, 2-3 times daily. Before applying the preservative, the mouth was first washed (analogously to Example 1) with a preservative diluted in water at a concentration of 1: 5. In parallel with the external treatment of the affected surfaces, belugas were given a preservative of 20 ml / day with feed inside for 10 days. On day 4, a decrease in inflammation was noted. Further melting of connective tissue structures was not observed. Bacterioscopically - single bacterial forms, microbial contamination of the wound contents - below a critical level. On the 8th day, the wound completely cleared of necrotic tissue. The phenomenon of inflammation has stopped. On the 11th day there came an almost complete regeneration of the mucous membrane of the beluga whale.

Example 3

Northern fur seal named Bucks, weight 45 kg. On clinical examination found: hyperimia of the mucous membrane of the eyes, swelling of the upper and lower eyelids, lacrimation. General state of oppression, temperature 37.5 ° C. The diagnosis is acute conjunctivitis, keratitis. A day later, weakness appeared, the condition of the sick animal worsened, hyperthermia - temperature 38 ° C. The microbial contamination of Staphylococcus aureus is above a critical level. Locally, the eyes were first washed with a food preservative diluted in water at a concentration of 1: 5, using a needleless injector, and then by instillation into each eye or lotions in both eyes with a food preservative diluted in water at a concentration of 1: 3. The preservative was also administered orally at a dose of 7 ml once daily. As a maintenance therapy, the Immunal immunostimulant was used in a dose of 10 drops once, the vitamin preparations were complivit, hexavit, ascorbic acid, cardiomin, and Bicillin 5 was used as an antimicrobial preparation at a dose of 1.5 mil. A unit once every 10 days.

On the 4th day after the start of the daily use of the food preservative, the animal's condition improved, the general phenomena of intoxication and local phenomena of inflammation decreased. Microbial seeding is below a critical level. On day 6, hyperimia of the mucous membranes of both eyes disappeared, and swelling of the eyelids decreased markedly.

Example 4

Beluga nicknamed Spark, 7 years old, 500 kg. The diagnosis is a chronic trophic wound in the caudal fin. Each year, the wound opens in the autumn time period. Clinic - a wound 20 × 12 cm in size appears on the caudal fin, an inflammatory process inside the wound, hyperimia, tissue edema inside and along the edges of the wound surface, the pathogen Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans isolated.

For treatment, a food preservative in its pure form and with a preservative solution was used. In this case, first, the affected area of the skin was washed with a solution of a food preservative with a solvent of glycerol at a concentration of 1: 3, by the method of a pulsating jet with alternating elevated and normal pressure using a needleless injector. The wound was treated with a clean food preservative 3 times a day with simultaneous oral administration with food at a dose of 20 ml / day.

As a supportive therapy, the Immunal immunostimulant was used in a dose of 30 drops once, the vitamin preparations were complivit, hexavit, ascorbic acid, cardiomin, nystatin, and gentamicin 80 mg 3 times a day for 10 days was used as an antimicrobial drug.

Already on the 3rd day a decrease in edema was noted. Microbial contamination of the wound is less than critical level (4.2 × 10 ⁴ cells in 1 cm ³ ). On the 5th day, inflammation persisted, although the wound changed, the edema subsided. The first signs of granulation tissue appeared. On the 10th day, scarring and epithelization of the affected areas of the skin occurred, a slight gray depigmentation was observed in the affected spots, which merged with the general color of the skin after about 1.5-2 weeks.

Table 1
The minimum effective concentration of food preservative depending on the type (genus) of the pathogen Microorganism Basis: drug Microorganism Basis: drug Staphylococcus aureus 1: 4 Fusobacterium 1: 4 Streptococcus pyogenes 1: 4 Enterococcus faecium 1: 4 Proteus vulgaris 1: 5 Bacteroides 1: 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1: 4 Salmonella 1: 4 Escherichia coli 1: 5 Candida albicans 1: 3 Corynobacterium 1: 4 Candida tropicalis 1: 3 table 2
The effectiveness of the treatment of marine mammals in the traditional way and using a food preservative Clinical and morphological indicators Boric acid solution, 2.0% Silver nitrate solution, 25.0% Food preservative Swelling reduction 3-4 days 3-4 days on the 2nd day The disappearance of hyperimia On day 4-6 On day 4-6 on the 3rd day Epithelization On day 6-7 On day 6-7 for 3-4 days

Claims (2)

1. A method for the complex treatment of local infections of marine mammals, including the simultaneous use of drugs externally and inward, characterized in that the antiseptic drug based on technical fish oil is additionally used as a medicine, which is applied 2-3 times a day to the skin of the animal, previously the affected area of the skin is washed with a solution of an antiseptic drug at a concentration of 1: 4-1: 5, respectively, an antiseptic drug: the solvent is pulsating with a stream from high and low pressure, and then lubricated with an antiseptic drug in its pure form or with a solution of the drug in a concentration of 1: 1 to 1: 3, respectively, an antiseptic drug: a solvent and at the same time the antiseptic drug is given to the animal inside with food, based on the calculation of 5 ml per 100 kg of animal weight. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the solvent used is physiological saline, or water, or glycerin.