RU2286635C1 - Device for disconnection of working member - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for emergency disconnection, designed for interlocking of electric circuits.

SUBSTANCE: the device has an actuating mechanism linked with a measuring member made in the form of a temperature-sensitive element, and a current - conducting conductor of the controlled outgoing feeder of the working member. The actuating mechanism represents a double-shell chamber made of a material bodies, for example, fragments, bullets, etc. The working member is positioned inside the chamber. The cavity between the shells is filled with air of a differential pressure and linked with a switch representing a body fastened on the inner shell with a pusher-knife fastened on an elastic membrane for reciprocating motion, the current-conducting conductor of the controlled outgoing feeder of the working member is positioned in a slot. Besides, the device is additionally provided with a pressure transducer and an impact transducer, all the mentioned transducers are installed on the outer shell of the chamber, the temperature-sensitive element represents a "tablet".

EFFECT: simplified construction and expanded functional potentialities and field of application.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to locking devices can be used in electromechanical devices to protect working bodies of the type: power source, electric motor, etc. from accidental impacts, such as fire, damage by a shrapnel or bullet and increased external pressure, for example, during flooding, which can lead to unauthorized triggering of the working body.

Known high-voltage air circuit breaker with a knife separator (p. RF №214636, N 01 N 33/70, publ. 17.03.66), containing an arcing chamber with one or more breaks in the current circuit, shunting their resistance or capacitance and blast pipe. A device consisting of two cylinders inserted into one another was used along the separator’s knife into the burning zone of the arc of the accompanying current of shunt resistance between its contacts. One of which, for example, the outer one, is rigidly connected to the separator knife shaft and is provided on the side or end surface with holes connected to pipes running along the separator knife and supplying air to the arc burning zone on the separator. The inner cylinder into which air is supplied from the blast tube of the circuit breaker is connected to the housing of the circuit breaker and also has openings on its side or end surface. When the switch is on, the openings of both cylinders are offset from each other and blocked, and air does not enter the pipes. In the process of opening the circuit breaker, the holes in the cylinders are combined, air enters from the blast tube of the circuit breaker through pipes running along the separator knife into the arc burning zone. After the extinction of the arc, the holes are again displaced, and the air supply stops.

The disadvantage of this switch is the lack of protection of the high-voltage connection from various emergency situations (fire, shock, moisture), as well as low reliability.

The closest technical solution to the invention is a circuit breaker and a device for protecting electrical communications (p. RF No.2000130761, N 02 H 5/04, 3/027, publ. 12/20/2002), characterized in that the measuring body is made in the form of a temperature sensor , the duration of which is commensurate with the response time of the current protection against short circuit. The measuring body is mounted on the conductive core of the outgoing feeder, and the setpoint temperature θ _{1 of the} threshold element is selected from the condition that the maximum permissible temperature of the conductive core does not exceed the short-term influence of short-circuit currents. The device is additionally equipped with a temperature sensor for the outer layer of insulation of the outgoing feeder conductor with threshold and actuating elements that generate a signal to trip the circuit breaker when the set point θ ₂ exceeds the threshold element, while θ ₂ <θ ₁ . The threshold and actuating elements of the temperature sensor of the device are made in the form of an electric switch mechanically connected with the sensor, for example, a micro switch, and an element of low-melting material is selected as the temperature sensor. The actuating element of the temperature sensor is additionally connected to the corresponding conductive core of the controlled outgoing feeder. The electrical communications protection device, mainly a backup device, in the event of a circuit breaker failure, contains inlet and outgoing section switches, measuring organs mounted on the outgoing feeders, with threshold and actuating elements, the outputs of which are connected to the outgoing switches, and a time relay. The temperature sensor of conductive conductors with threshold and actuating elements that form a signal to turn off the circuit breakers when the set temperature is exceeded was selected as the measuring body; the sensor’s action time is comparable with the response time of the current protection against short circuit. One of the outputs of the sensor actuator is connected to the corresponding switch of the outgoing feeder, and the second output is connected to the input switch via a time relay, while the set temperature θ _{1 is} selected from the condition that the maximum allowable temperature values of the conductive conductors are not exceeded under short-term exposure to short circuit currents. In addition, temperature sensors of the outer insulation layers of the outgoing feeder conductors with threshold and actuating elements, forming a signal to turn off the circuit breaker when the temperature exceeds the set point θ _{2 of the} threshold elements, with θ ₂ <θ ₁ , are additionally introduced into the device. The threshold and actuating elements of the temperature sensor are made in the form of an electric switch mechanically connected with the sensor, for example, a micro switch, and an element of fusible material is selected as the temperature sensor. The actuating element of the temperature sensor is additionally connected to the corresponding conductive core of the controlled outgoing feeder. The temperature sensor with a threshold element is made in the form of a voltage divider with a thermistor, for example a posistor in one of the arms, and one of the terminals of the thermistor is connected to a controlled conductive core. The temperature sensor of the conductive core of the outgoing feeder is installed at the point of connection to the corresponding switch, for example, in an additional cable lug. At the same time, current sensors of outgoing feeders with threshold and actuating elements are additionally introduced in the device.

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of protection of electrical communications from emergency situations, such as flooding, shock and backache by a bullet or a fragment, as well as the complexity of the device and the limitations in its use.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages, i.e. expanding the functionality of the locking device and its scope by combining sensors that respond to emergency factors (fire, shock, fall, backache by a bullet or fragment and flooding with water) into a single actuator that locks the power supply circuit of various working bodies (generator, electric motor relay, etc.).

This is achieved by the fact that in the locking device of the working body, including the actuator associated with the measuring body, made in the form of a temperature sensor, and a conductive core of the controlled outgoing feeder of the working body, the actuator is a two-shell chamber made of material that collapses under the influence of high-speed mechanical bodies, such as fragments, bullets, etc., the working body is placed inside the chamber, the cavity between the shells is filled with excess air pressure and is connected with the switch, which is a housing mounted on the inner shell, inside of which a pusher-knife is fixed on the elastic membrane with the possibility of reciprocating movement, in the existing slot of which there is a conductive core of the controlled outgoing feeder of the working body, in addition, the locking device is additionally equipped with a pressure sensor and shock sensor, while all of the above sensors are installed on the outer shell of the chamber. Temperature, pressure, shock sensors can be placed on each side of the chamber, while the number of sensors and the distance of their removal from the actuator, if necessary, can be selected in a sufficiently large range, from one to several dozen pieces and from several centimeters to several tens of meters, respectively . The temperature sensor is a "tablet" with a fusible insert mounted on the camera with the possibility of depressurization of the latter in an emergency, such as a fire. The pressure sensor is a housing, the outer end of which is closed by an elastic membrane, with a coaxially movable needle installed in it, and it is placed on the camera with the possibility of communicating their cavities when excessive pressure arises from the outside of the chamber. The shock sensor is a base with needles fixed on it around it, surrounded by an elastic shell, forming a cavity connected through a pipeline with a chamber cavity. The actuator is located in the cradles installed inside the camera. The device is equipped with a nipple for pumping air and controlling the pressure in the cavity between the shells.

The proposed design of the locking device of the working body allows you to maximize prevent unauthorized operation of the latter from a large number of accidental influences: fire (due to the presence of a temperature sensor), flooding with water (due to the presence of a pressure sensor), shock or fall (due to the presence of an impact sensor), lumbago bullet or fragment (due to the presence of a two-shell chamber with a cavity between the shells, filled with air with excess pressure, and made of material that collapses under the influence of high-speed mechanical bodies, such as fragments, bullets, etc.). The operation of any of the sensors leads to a drop in the initial pressure in the cavity, which in turn leads to the operation of the switch, which opens the electrical circuit between the working body and the power source. The location of the sensors at a distance from the working body allows you to bring the last out of working condition before the arrival of emergency impacts on it. In addition, the placement of the working body in the camera allows you to duplicate sensors on each side of the camera, which increases the reliability of blocking this device.

Figure 1 shows the arrangement of the sensors with respect to the location of the actuator, figure 2 shows the main view of the locking device with the working body RO located inside its body, figure 3 is a side view of the device, figure 4 shows the main view of the switch before actuation, in Fig. 5 is a side view of the switch after actuation, in Fig. 6 is a view of a shock sensor, and in Fig. 7 is a view of a pressure sensor.

The RO locking device consists of 2 half-shells pos. 1 (Fig. 3), which are a 2-shell structure with an internal sealed cavity "B", filled with air under pressure P = 2 ... 3 ati.

Hull 1 includes:

- switch 2;

- a membrane with a pusher - a knife 3;

- temperature sensor DT 4;

- pressure sensor DD 5;

- nipple 6;

- lodgement 7;

- and shock sensor UD 8.

The temperature sensor 4 is a “tablet” of fusible alloy soldered into the outer shell of the half-shell 1. The pressure sensor 5 consists of a body 9, the outer end of which is closed by an elastic membrane 10, with a coaxially movable needle 11 installed in it. The DD cavity is connected through a pipe 12 with a camera cavity. The shock sensor 8 is a base 13 with needles fixed on it around it, surrounded by an elastic sheath 14, forming a cavity connected through a pipe 15 to the chamber cavity. The nipple 6 is necessary for pumping air and controlling pressure in the inner cavity of the half-shell 1.

In the initial state, the working body (electric motor or other) is located in lodges 16 (Fig. 2) of 2 half-bodies 1. When assembling the locking device, the wires of the electric motor 17 are installed in the grooves of the pusher-knife of the switch 2 and are fixed. The half-shells 1 are attached to each other by means of screws 18 (Fig. 3).

The device operates as follows. In case of fire, a temperature of ~ 140 ° C, the fusible insert 4 melts (FIG. 2), depressurization and pressure drop in the cavity “B” of the half-shell 1 (or both half-shells). Under the action of the spring 19 (figures 4 and 5), the membrane with a pusher - knife 3 moves and cuts the electric wire 17 of the electric motor. In this position, the knife 3 carries out the electrical circuit of the wire with the housing of the device.

When bullets (fragments) get into the blocking device, the outer shell is destroyed and the pressure in the cavity "B" of the half-shell 1 (Fig. 2) (or both half-shells) drops. Further, the device is triggered similarly to a fire.

When the locking device is flooded in water and external overpressure is created, the thin-walled rubber membrane 10 (Fig. 7) of the pressure sensor is stretched and deflected 5. When bending, the membrane abuts against the sharp tip of the needle 11 and is punctured, resulting in a pressure drop in the half-housing capacity 1. Further, the operation of the locking device occurs similarly to the operation in case of fire.

When a fall or shock occurs, the shock sensor 8 (Fig.2) of the device is triggered. A ball with needles 13, suspended on a thin metal membrane 20, while piercing, punctures the rubber shell 14. The internal cavity of the shock sensor connected through the pipe 15 with the cavity “B” of the half-shell 1 loses its tightness and then the locking device is triggered similarly to a fire.

Thus, the proposed design of the locking device of the working body has the following advantages:

- simplicity and ease of use, compared, for example, with an electric device with a battery;

- the use of a large number of emergency sensors at a large distance from the protected mechanism increases the reliability of blocking this mechanism.

Claims (7)

1. The locking device of the working body, including the actuator associated with the measuring body, made in the form of a temperature sensor, and a conductive core of the controlled outgoing feeder of the working body, characterized in that the actuator is a two-shell chamber made of material that collapses under the influence of high-speed mechanical bodies, for example fragments, bullets and so on, the working body is placed inside the chamber, the cavity between the shells is filled with excess air pressure and is connected with the switch, which is a housing fixed on the inner shell, inside of which a pusher-knife is fixed on the elastic membrane with the possibility of reciprocating movement, in the existing slot of which there is a conductive core of the controlled outgoing feeder of the working body, in addition, a locking device additionally equipped with a pressure sensor and shock sensor, while all of the above sensors are installed on the outer shell of the chamber. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned sensors are located on each side of the camera, while the number of sensors and the distance of their removal from the actuator, if necessary, can be selected in a sufficiently large range - from one to several dozen pieces and from a few centimeters up to several tens of meters, respectively. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature sensor is a "tablet" with a fusible insert mounted on the camera with the possibility of depressurization of the latter in an emergency, such as a fire. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure sensor is a housing, the outer end of which is closed by an elastic membrane, with a coaxially movable needle installed in it and placed on the camera with the possibility of communicating their cavities when excessive pressure occurs from the outside of the camera. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shock sensor is a base with needles fixed on it around it, surrounded by an elastic shell, forming a cavity connected through a pipeline with a chamber cavity. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator is located in the lodgements installed inside the camera. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a nipple for pumping air and controlling the pressure in the cavity between the shells.

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