RU2286534C1 - Suspended tamping - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drilling and blasting operations in hard rocks, applicable in various branches using blasting operations in hard rock masses.

SUBSTANCE: the suspended tamping represents a split cylinder with at least three longitudinal slots and a tapered expansion of the cavity downwards of the bottom. A hollow spacer taper connected to a rope haulage secured on a tripod by the upper end is inserted in the cavity of the split cylinder from the bottom.

EFFECT: provided locking of blast products in the charging cavity up to destruction of the mass thus enhancing the efficiency of blast power use for crushing of the rock.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mining, in particular to means for conducting mining on the surface, mainly for sparing explosions.

Known for a number of designs of locking faces in the form of plastic plugs, wooden and concrete wedges / 1 /. Their main disadvantage is the complexity of the application and the inability to reuse.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of explosive crushing of rocks due to the long-term locking of the detonation products in the charging cavity until the complete destruction of the surrounding rock by a suspended metal clogging.

The task is achieved by using a hanging stemming device, which is a split cylinder with at least three longitudinal slots and a conical extension of the cavity down from the bottom, a hollow spacer cone connected to the cable rod fixed to the tripod with the upper end inserted into the cavity of the split cylinder below.

Figure 1 schematically depicts the assembly order of the punch on the surface of the ledge; figure 2 - the position of the punch before installing in the working position; figure 3 - suspended stemming in working position in the well.

Suspended stemming is made of metal and includes a split cylinder 1, cut along at least three identical parts, with a cavity 2, into which a hollow spacer cone 3 is inserted from below, connected by an eye bolt 4 with a cable tie 5, the upper end of which is provided with a loop 6 for suspension on the hook 7 of the tripod 8. The cable rod 5 passes through the hole 9 in the bottom of the split cylinder 1 mounted on the crosspiece 10.

Hanging stemming works as follows. Clogging is assembled into a structural element on the surface of the block. For this, the split cylinder 1 and the hollow expansion cone 3 are laid on the surface of the ledge near the well 11. The initiating pulse conductor 12 (detonating cord or wires of the electric detonator) is passed through the hole 13 of the hollow expansion cone 3 and the hole 14 of the split cylinder 1, and the cable tie 5 is passed through the hole 9 in the bottom of the split cylinder 1, the loop 6 is fixed on the hook 7 of the tripod 8. After that, the hollow expansion cone 3 is lowered into the well 11, while the tripod 8 and the split cylinder 1 are pulled over the surface of the ledge and installed they are coaxial with the borehole 11, and under the split cylinder 1, a crosspiece 10 is laid.

To set the punch in the working position, raise the split cylinder 1 by the handles 15, remove the crosspiece 10 and drop the split cylinder 1 into the bore 11, holding the cable rod 5 and the conductor of the initiating pulse 12 in tension. The split cylinder 1, moving with acceleration, is pushed over a hollow expansion cone 3, fixedly suspended on the cable rod 5, while the lower part of the split cylinder 1 diverges and is pressed tightly against the walls of the well 11, after which the tripod 8 is removed, and the loop 6 of the cable rod 5 is connected to a surface system for the subsequent extraction of stemming from blasted rock mass, for example, with ropes, tires, etc., and the suspended stemming is ready for operation.

After detonation of the explosive charge in the charging cavity, the pressure of the detonation products sharply increases to several tens of thousands of atmospheres and there is a dynamic impact of gases on a large surface of the inner cavity of the spacer cone 3, which leads to its further indentation into cylinder 1 by a certain amount and thus an increase in pressure into the walls of the well. This is the position of the suspended stemming until the detonation products break from the charge cavity into the atmosphere through cracks in the destroyed massif. Providing long-term closure of the charging cavity, suspended stemming contributes to a more complete course of secondary reactions in detonation products and, accordingly, increases the energy of the explosion; this is especially important for modern coarse-grained explosives such as granulites and grammonites, in which a significant proportion of the energy is released during secondary reactions.

After the explosion, the pothole is removed from the rock mass and is ready for reuse.

Thus, the inventive suspended stemming allows you to lock the products of the explosion in the charging cavity until the destruction of the array and thereby increase the efficiency of the use of energy of the explosion for crushing rocks.

Information sources

1. Mindeli E.O., Demchuk P.A., Aleksandrov V.E. Clogging holes. - M .: Nedra, 1967 .-- 152 p.

Claims (1)

A suspended stemming device, which is a split cylinder with at least three longitudinal slots and a conical extension of the cavity down from the bottom, a hollow spacer cone connected to the cable rod, the upper end of which is fixed to the tripod, is inserted from below into the cavity of the split cylinder.

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