RU2285975C1 - Plasma-beam microwave complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cathode-ray and plasma-beam microwave devices; high-power ray amplifier or producer for research and applied equipment.

SUBSTANCE: anode unit of microwave device of proposed complex is made in the form of hollow section with magnetic-discharge and getter pumps built in the latter; microwave resonant cavity is enclosed by solenoid using adjustable power supply; microwave radiation lead has tap and feedback circuit with power sensor connected through control unit to electron gun heater and magnetic-discharge pump regulator. Pressure sensors installed at input and output of microwave cavity shape resonance-tuned signal through converter for starting hydrogen producer and are interconnected to form feedback circuit for gun heater supplies.

EFFECT: facilitated output power regulation, enhanced efficiency and reliability of complex.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electron beam and beam-plasma microwave devices and can be used as an amplifier or a generator of powerful radiation in scientific and applied equipment.

Known beam-plasma microwave device containing an electron gun, a cavity resonator in the form of a slowing structure with nodes input and output microwave power, a hollow collector and a solenoid covering the slowing structure, and a vacuum pumping system connected to power sources [1].

A disadvantage of the known device is the low specific power of the output radiation and limited functionality, which is due to the autonomous execution of each unit and the presence of a cumbersome pumping system that performs in the structure of the device only one function of pumping the working volume, and the independence of the operation of each unit or unit. As a result, the autonomous design of all units and the independent operation of the gun, solenoid, cavity resonator, and vacuum system power sources limit the efficiency of the device, its broadband, microwave power gain, and does not allow synchronization and optimal tuning of the mode parameters, which guarantee their stability in operating conditions.

The closest in technical essence solution is a beam-plasma microwave device containing a vacuum cylindrical body in which an electron gun with a thermal cathode and anode assembly is located, built-in magnetically-discharge and sorption getter pumps, a volumetric microwave resonator with microwave radiation input and output devices, hydrogen generators, pressure sensors, a collector and a solenoid covering the beam path. The device also contains a high-voltage power source, adjustable direct and electronic gun power sources, power supplies for the solenoid, hydrogen generator and magnetic discharge pump and mode sensors connected to the automatic control unit.

The known complex provides the generation of a stream of microwave energy in a sealed and compact system containing a hybrid plasma-resonator structure. In this case, the interaction of the electron beam with the plasma is realized in a volume filled with hydrogen, and the spatial charge of the electron beam is compensated. The gas-dynamic system of the complex provides a pressure difference of three orders of magnitude between the electron gun and the slowing-down structure of the microwave cavity.

A disadvantage of the known complex is the limitation of functionality with various mode corrections, when the efficiency of the complex decreases, losses at the output of the microwave path and in the collector increase, an uneven resonator load forms, and the probability of microwave breakdown increases.

Independent power supply, regulation and stabilization of the modes of the main units and nodes of the complex does not allow the efficient use of a hybrid beam-plasma energy conversion mechanism and to increase the installed power and efficiency of the system as a whole.

The present invention solves the problem of expanding the functionality of the complex while improving efficiency and reliability.

To solve this problem, in the well-known beam-plasma microwave complex containing a beam-plasma microwave device, a high-voltage power source, adjustable direct and electronic gun power sources, power sources of a solenoid, hydrogen generator and a magnetic discharge pump and mode sensors connected to the unit automatic control, and the microwave device is assembled in a vacuum cylindrical housing, in which there is an electron gun with a thermal cathode and anode assembly, built-in magneto-discharge and getter pumps, volume a retarded microwave resonator with microwave input and output devices, hydrogen generators, pressure sensors, a collector and a solenoid covering the beam path, the anode assembly is made in the form of a cylindrical section, the ends of which are equipped with diaphragms and into which are sequentially and axially with respect to the axis of the beam, magnetic discharge and sorption pumps are integrated, the retardation structure is made in the form of a series of resonators with azimuthal coupling slits, and the microwave output is equipped with a coupler and rum feedback comprising a power sensor and a converter coupled to the electronic controls filament power supply and the gun magnitorazryadnogo pump.

The current sensor of the high-voltage power source is connected through an automatic control unit to the input of the gun’s power source regulator.

The collector is made isolated from the device’s body and is equipped with an adjustable source and a voltage sensor connected via an automatic control unit to a voltage sensor in the gun’s cathode circuit.

The solenoid is partitioned, and the power to the sections located near the collector is supplied through regulated power sources connected by a feedback loop to the microwave power sensor circuit.

In addition, pressure sensors are installed at the inlet and outlet of the moderator, and the differential pressure signal is fed through the automatic control unit to the input of the hydrogen generator power source and to the gun’s glow regulator circuit.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 shows the structural diagram of a beam-plasma microwave complex;

figure 2 is a diagram of the output microwave power as a function of hydrogen pressure;

figure 3 - amplitude-frequency characteristics of the complex;

figure 4 - amplitude-dynamic characteristics of the complex in the mode of a power amplifier;

figure 5 - distribution of the gradients of the magnetic field along the cathode ray path.

The device contains a beam-plasma microwave device 1, a high-voltage power supply 2 with terminals 3 and 4, and adjustable power sources of direct and electronic glow of the gun 5. The complex also contains power sources of a solenoid 6, a hydrogen generator 7, a power source for a magnetic discharge pump 8, and control sensors parameters of their mode.

The microwave device contains a vacuum cylindrical body 9, in which there is an electron gun 10 with a thermal cathode 11 and anode assembly 12, built-in magnetic discharge 13 and getter 14 pumps, which slows down the structure of the volumetric microwave resonator 15 with input devices 16 and output 17 of microwave radiation, generators hydrogen 18, pressure sensors 19, a collector 20 and a solenoid 21, covering the path of the wiring beam 22.

The anode assembly of the electron gun 12 is made in the form of a cylindrical section 23, the ends of which 24 are equipped with two diaphragms 25 and in which the magnetic discharge and getter pumps 13 and 14 are successively integrated.

The retardation structure 15 is made in the form of a series of resonators 26 with azimuthal communication slots 27. The complex is equipped with an automatic control unit 28 connected at the input to the sensors and at the output to the mode regulators.

The current sensor 29 of the high-voltage power supply 2 is connected through a feedback loop 30 to the power regulator 31 of the electronic glow source 5 of the gun 10.

The output of the microwave radiation 17 is equipped with a coupler 32 and a signal converter 33, the output 34 of the power sensor of which is connected to the input 35 of the power controller 31 of the electronic filament unit and the input 36 of the controller 37 of the power source 8 of the magnetic discharge pump 13.

The collector 20 of the beam-plasma microwave device is made isolated from the housing 9 and is equipped with an adjustable source 38 and a voltage sensor 39 connected via an automatic control unit 28 to a voltage sensor in the gun’s cathode circuit.

Pressure sensors 19 are installed at the input and output of the microwave resonator 15, and the differential pressure signal 40 from the comparison unit 42 through the automatic control unit 28 is fed to the input 41 of the power supply controller 7 of the hydrogen generator 18 and to the gun control circuit 31.

The high-voltage power supply unit 2 may include an electronic switch 46, consisting of an electron-beam valve 47 and a control unit 49 with terminals 48 and 50.

The solenoid 21 covering the microwave cavity resonator 15 is equipped with additional sections 51, the terminals of which 52 are connected to regulated power sources 53, connected by a feedback loop 54 to the output of the power sensor circuit 34. A high voltage voltage divider can be used as a voltage sensor in the gun’s cathode circuit 55.

The beam-plasma microwave complex operates as follows. The automatic control unit 28 of the power sources gives signals to turn on the magnetic discharge pump 8, the solenoid 6 and the hydrogen generator 7. In the sealed and sealed case 9 of the microwave device, after turning on the power sources 5 of the direct and electronic glow of the gun 10, and then the high-voltage power supply 2, a vacuum is formed pressure difference between the working volume of the electron gun (10 ^-6 Torr) and the retarding structure. An electron beam is formed and accelerated in the gap between the cathode 11 and the front diaphragm 25 of the hollow anode assembly 12.

Magnetic discharge 13 and sorption getter 14 pumps located in the equipotential volume of the anode assembly form a coaxial structure with respect to the electron beam and perform the functions of an adjustable gas-dynamic system provided with feedback via power sensors 33 and 34 and pressure sensors 19. Figure 2 shows a diagram output microwave power W ₂ as a function of hydrogen pressure - P. The range of power variations ΔW _{2 is} automatically stabilized by the microwave complex. An electron beam transported in the passage channel of the chain of resonators 26 and in the magnetic field of the solenoid 21 creates a beam plasma with a concentration of about 10 ¹² cm ^-3 at a hydrogen pressure of 10 ^-3 Torr. This makes it possible both vacuum and plasma mode of operation of the complex.

In FIG. 3 shows the dependence of the output power W ₂ on the frequency of the signal Δf (amplitude-frequency x-ka) supplied to the input 16 of the slowing structure. Dependence a) - characterizes the vacuum operating mode, b) - plasma mode, the range ΔW ₂ - automatic stabilization of the mode. The diagrams in FIGS. 2 and 3 characterize the plasma-resonator process in the microwave complex with volumetric separation of the energy transfer region of the electron beam and the region of interaction of the beam with the excited wave. In such a hybrid system, equipped with mode sensors and feedbacks, the following main functions of the complex are automatically realized: compensation of the space charge of the electron beam and stable synchronism of the beam with the waves of hybrid slowdown structures 26, 27. In addition, to increase the efficiency of generation and output of microwave power and the energy absorption of the electron beam in the collector 20, longitudinal gradients of the plasma concentration (blocks 13, 14, 18, 42) and the magnetic field are formed, for which the solenoid 21 is made sectioned 51, and the conclusions of sections 52 are connected to regulated power sources 53 connected along the feedback loop 54 to the output of the power sensor circuit 34. The amplitude-dynamic characteristic of the complex operating in vacuum mode a) and in plasma mode b) is shown in Fig. 4 where W ₁ ~ the power at the input 16, and W ₂ is the power at the output 17, measured by the coupler 32 and the converter 33. Channel 16, 26, 27, 17 functions as a beam-plasma amplifier of useful power, and the efficiency of the complex depends on the overall efficiency of the hybrid electrodynamic system with olozhitelnymi feedback, allowing to provide stability in the range ΔW _2. The broadband in relative units of the amplifier path is illustrated by the relationship in FIG. 3.

A solenoid 21 with sections 57 installed at the beam inlet to the collector 20 and the output of the (useful) microwave power 17 provides the formation of a plasma magnetoactivity in the hybrid electrodynamic slowing structure and a longitudinal magnetic field gradient in accordance with FIG. 5, where L is the length of the electron beam path of the complex. The feedback loop 54 of the microwave power sensor and the power source 53 sections of the solenoid in combination with pressure sensors 19 installed at the input and output of the microwave resonator connected to the regulator of the power source 43 of the hydrogen generator 18, provides a uniform load of the hybrid system at the output 17 of the microwave tract and collector 20.

The connection of the current sensor 29 of the high-voltage power supply 2 with the input of the regulator 31 of the electronic glow power supply of the gun 5 forms a feedback loop 30 that closes through the automatic control unit 28. The voltage stabilization U _{0 of the} high-voltage power supply 2 reaches 0.5% with a ripple factor of 0.5 %

Any deviations from the regime in the plasma waveguide with a plus or minus sign, through the converter 33 and feedback loop 34, transfer the electronic glow unit 5 to the mode of compensating this fluctuation for the new value of the electron beam current, while U ₀ = const is maintained and a new value P is set ₂ = const, which ensures stabilization of the amplitude-phase characteristics of the complex.

The execution of the collector 20 isolated from the device’s case and connecting it to an adjustable voltage source 38 with a voltage sensor 39 allows you to automatically (through the comparison unit connected to the voltage sensor in the gun’s cathode circuit) regulate the collector potential, which determines the parameter of the beam plasma in the passage channel of the device. The positive effect of the application of this proposal is due to the expansion of the functionality of the beam-plasma microwave complex, which is determined by the constructive combination of blocks and the use of internal and external feedbacks in the system, which provide stabilization of the power of the microwave output. For any fluctuations of the regime, slow, due to a change in pressure in the device, and fast, due to the stochastic of microwave radiation, and the process of energy absorption by the electron beam, automatic correction of the regime is carried out while maintaining a constant useful power.

Information sources

1. US patent No. 3902098, CL 315-5, 39, 1973.

2. RF patent No. 2084986, 6 H 01 J 25/00, 1997 Bull. No. 20.

Claims (2)

1. A beam-plasma microwave complex containing a beam-plasma microwave device, a high-voltage power supply, adjustable sources of direct and electronic heating of the gun, power supplies of the solenoid, a hydrogen generator and a magnetic discharge pump, and parameter control sensors connected to the control unit, microwave the device contains a vacuum cylindrical body in which an electron gun with a thermal cathode and anode assembly is located, built-in magneto-discharge and getter pumps, a volumetric microwave resonator with a retarding structure, and Microwave input and output devices, hydrogen generators, pressure sensors, a collector and a solenoid covering the beam path, characterized in that the anode assembly is made in the form of a cylindrical section, the ends of which are equipped with diaphragms and in which a magnetically-discharge discharge is built in sequentially and axially to the beam path and getter pumps, the decelerating structure is made with azimuthal coupling slots, and the microwave output is provided with a coupler connected to a feedback loop containing a power sensor and a converter, with connected to the regulator of the electronic filament power source of the gun and the magnetic discharge pump, the collector is made isolated from the device body and is equipped with an adjustable source and voltage sensor connected via a control unit to a voltage sensor in the circuit of the high-voltage power supply, the solenoid is sectioned, and the power to sections located near collector, filed through adjustable sources connected to the feedback loop of the output of microwave radiation. 2. The beam-plasma microwave complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure sensors are installed at the input and output of the microwave cavity and are connected through a comparison unit, the difference signal from which is fed through the control unit to the regulators of the power source of the hydrogen generator and the power source glow guns.

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