RU2285712C1 - Anti-glazing composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: anti-glazing compositions.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to anti-glazing compositions and can be used for prevention of road pavement icing. The composition comprises, wt.-%: sodium chloride, 14-16; iron chloride, 1-2; carbamide, 2-4, and river sand, the balance. Invention provides decreasing consumption of composition by elevating its melting capacity and reducing effect on environment by decreasing pollution of soil with sodium ions in snow melting.

EFFECT: improved and valuable properties of composition.

1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to anti-icing compositions and can be used to prevent icing of road surfaces.

Known anti-icing composition containing sodium chloride, potassium chloride, crystallization water, inert impurities and made in the form of granules with a size of from 0.1 to 10 mm in the following ratio, wt.%: Sodium chloride 24-50; potassium chloride 45-75; crystallization water and inert impurities 1-5 (patent RU 2044118, IPC ⁶ Е 01 Н 10/00, С 09 К 3/18).

The main disadvantages of this deicing composition are the toxic effects on green spaces and soil caused by the accumulation of sodium and chlorine ions, as well as the corrosive activity that contributes to the destruction of metal parts of car bodies caused by the use of inorganic salts containing chlorine.

Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a composition for removing and preventing ice on road surfaces, containing sodium chloride and river sand in the following ratio, wt.%: Sodium chloride 10-20; river sand 80-90 (Technical rules for the repair and maintenance of roads: VSN 24-88. - M .: Minavtodor. 1988. - S.101-103).

The disadvantages of the described composition include increased consumption when applied to the road surface - up to 1000 g / m ² due to the low melting ability - 5 g / g; corrosive activity, contributing to the destruction of metal parts of car bodies due to the use of sodium chloride; negative impact on the environment due to the high content of sodium ions.

The present invention solves the problem of reducing the consumption of anti-icing composition and reduce the harmful effects on the environment.

To achieve this technical result, the anti-icing composition containing sodium chloride and river sand additionally contains iron chloride and urea in the following ratio, wt.%:

Sodium chloride 14-16 Ferric chloride 1-2 Urea 2-4 River sand Rest.

Reducing the consumption of anti-icing composition is achieved by increasing its melting ability.

The decrease in the harmful effect of the anti-icing composition on the environment is due to a decrease in soil pollution by sodium ions during snow melting.

Introduction to the anti-icing composition of sodium chloride in an amount of 14-16 wt.% And iron chloride in an amount of 1-2 wt.% Is optimal, as it allows to increase the melting ability and, therefore, reduce the consumption of this substance (see table). However, the introduction into the anti-icing composition of sodium chloride of less than 14 wt.% Leads to a rise in the cost of the proposed composition, and its introduction of more than 16 wt.% Reduces the melting ability and increases the consumption of the proposed composition.

When iron chloride is introduced into the anti-icing composition, less than 1 wt.%, The melting ability decreases and, therefore, the consumption of the proposed composition increases, and when more than 2 wt.% Is introduced, the corrosion activity on the metal increases.

The introduction of urea in the amount of 2-4 wt.% In the anti-icing composition is optimal, since it allows you to reduce the harmful effects on the environment by providing a neutralizing effect on the soil and reduce the corrosivity of this composition (see table).

When carbamide is introduced into the anti-icing composition of less than 2 wt.%, The harmful effect on the environment increases and corrosion activity on the metal increases, and when it is added to more than 4 wt.%, The cost of the proposed composition increases.

The invention is illustrated in the table, which shows examples of anti-icing compositions made in accordance with the claimed invention and the prototype, as well as the melting ability, flow rate and corrosion activity of these compounds, covering glassy ice.

Concrete example

To manufacture the proposed anti-icing composition, sodium chloride (NaCl) was mixed in an amount of 14-16 wt.%, Iron chloride (FeCl ₃ ) in an amount of 1-2 wt.%, Urea ((NH ₂ ) ₂ CO) in an amount of 2-4 wt. .%, river sand with a modulus of fineness equal to 2-3, - the rest. Mixing was carried out when the components were dry under normal conditions.

The obtained anti-icing composition was investigated for melting ability, which was determined by the change in the mass of vitreous ice before and after its treatment with this composition for two hours at a given temperature, which reduces the consumption of the composition.

The anti-icing composition was investigated for corrosion activity. The results of the study were evaluated by the weight loss of steel after 85 hours.

In addition, the proposed anti-icing composition was tested on the speed and efficiency of melting glassy ice in natural conditions. As a result, glassy ice on an area of 1 m ² with a thickness of 0.005 m completely melted after 60 minutes.

As can be seen from the table, the melting ability of the proposed anti-icing composition increases in comparison with the prototype by more than 2 times, the consumption of anti-icing composition decreases by more than 2 times, and the corrosion activity decreases by more than 3 times (compositions 1-3). Compositions 4-7 are examples of deviations of the dosages of the components up and down. Deviations of dosages of sodium chloride in a large direction and, accordingly, a decrease in the dosage of iron chloride and urea in compositions 4.7 leads to an increase in consumption. A decrease in the dosage of urea and an increase in the dosage of iron chloride in composition 5 leads to an increase in corrosion activity on the metal. An increase in the dosage of urea and a decrease in the dosage of sodium chloride in composition 6 leads to an increase in the cost of the proposed anti-icing composition (see table).

Thus, the use of the proposed composition in comparison with the use of the prototype will reduce its consumption, reduce the harmful effects on the environment, reduce the aggressive effect on the metal.

Table Anti-icing composition Anti-icing compositions made in accordance with the claimed invention and prototype; the melting ability and corrosion activity of these glassy ice coating compositions. Composition number Anti-icing composition, wt.% Floating ability, g / g Consumption, g / m ² Corrosion activity per metal, mg · cm ² / day Sodium chloride Ferric chloride Urea River sand one 16 2 2 rest 10.9 460 0.8 2 fifteen one 3 rest 11.1 450 0.51 3 14.5 1,5 four rest 12.0 415 0.53 four 17 0.5 2,5 rest 7.8 640 0.7 5 16 3 one rest 11.0 455 1,5 6 13 2 5 rest 11.9 420 0.58 7 17 2 one rest 9.7 515 1,0 8 (prototype) fifteen - - rest 5 1000 3,1

Claims (1)

Anti-icing composition containing sodium chloride and river sand, characterized in that the composition additionally contains iron chloride and urea in the following ratio, wt.%: Sodium chloride 14-16 Ferric chloride 1-2 Urea 2-4 River sand Rest