RU2285386C1 - Method for protecting of tobacco from stem borers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves applying solution of biological preparation onto portion in seedling planting zone simultaneously with irrigation water, said solution being prepared directly in reservoirs of seedling machine; before applying said solution, placing pheromone traps on said portion and determining population of stem borers; in case borer population exceeds biological harmfulness threshold, treating seedlings before withdrawal thereof from greenhouse with chemical preparation of confider used at the rate of 0.05-0.15 l/hectare and holding for 3-5 days; during planting of seedlings, introducing biological preparation of bicol directly into ridge zone at the rate of 5-7 l/hectare.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in protecting of tobacco, reduced labor intensity, decreased material usage, increased yield and reduced adverse effect of used chemical preparations upon biota.

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Description

The present invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the protection of plants from pests, and can be used on any crop grown by seedlings to protect against biting scoops.

It is known to use the chemical preparation Di-Siston 15 G in a greenhouse during or after sowing tobacco when biting scoops are detected [Sewn measurements in tyunyevite Lehi cross insect // Thematic package. - 1986. - 4.2. - S.14-16]. However, despite the rapid penetration of a systemic insecticide into the soil, seeds, shoots of tobacco and the persistence of activity for a long time, the systemic insecticide Di-Siston has high toxicity to humans and warm-blooded, phytotoxicity to tobacco when applied to leaves and long-term persistence in the soil.

A known method of using confidor (AI imidacloprid) in Italy and South Africa on tobacco and various other cultures against insects with a piercing-sucking and gnawing mouth apparatus, including against lepidoptera pests (Lepidoptera). The drug is absorbed by the plant through the root, stem and leaves. Confidor is introduced both when spraying plants in the field, and when watering, and even when whitewashing tree trunks [Fipronil e imidacloprid // L 'Informatore Agrario. - 2004. - No. 19. - R.14; Broeksma, A. Feldversuche mit Confidor (Imidacloprid) zur Bekampfung verschiedenerb Insektenarten an Zitms in der Republik Sudafrika / A. Broeksma, E. Robbertse, F. Saba // Pflanzenschutz Nachrichten Bayer. - 1993. - No. 1. - S.5-31]. The disadvantages of using confidor over large areas are high drug consumption and soil pollution under the crop.

There is also known a method of protecting tobacco from soil pests (RF Patent 2195819, A 01 M 1/02, publ. 10.01.2003, Bull. No. 1) with a mixture of biological products (metarizine + boverin of 10 l / ha), which are applied to the area inhabited pests in the row zone at the same time as irrigation water during planting, before setting pheromone traps on the plot to determine the number of soil pests, and if their number is above the economic threshold of harmfulness, they additionally cut trapping grooves along the field perimeter they carry food attractants: protein vitamin concentrate or feed lysine concentrate in the norm of 1 kg / ha for disorientation of pest larvae and establish additional pheromone traps for catching and sterilizing adult pests or disorienting them. The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of the method of protecting tobacco from gnawing scoops, the high consumption of biological products and the additional labor costs when the number of pests exceeds the economic threshold of harmfulness.

The aim of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the method of protecting tobacco, reducing labor costs and means, increasing productivity and reducing the negative impact on non-target biota when using chemicals.

To achieve the goal in the proposed method, including the installation of pheromone traps for determining the number of biting pests, the introduction of a solution of a biological product in the row zone at the same time as irrigation water, combined with planting seedlings, and the drug solution is prepared directly in the containers of the transplanting machine, seedlings before sampling from the greenhouse treated by spraying with a chemical preparation confidor in the norm of 0.05-0.15 l / ha, incubated for 3-5 days, if the number of caught scoops in pheromo GOVERNMENTAL traps installed in the area for planting tobacco above the threshold of biological damage, and biological preparation Bicol applied at transplanting directly in row zone normally 5-7 l / ha.

The method is as follows: in the area proposed for planting tobacco, pheromone traps "Attracon AA" are installed to determine the number of scoop butterflies. Traps are placed at a height of 1.0-1.2 m along the boundaries of fields (plots), on roadsides, forest belts, based on: for areas up to 10 ha - 3 traps and then one trap for every additional 5 ha. Counts in traps are carried out daily, and with the appearance of butterflies once a week. At the same time, traps are cleaned, the adhesive base is changed, and after 40-45 days, dispensers are changed. If the biological threshold of harmfulness is exceeded (the number of butterflies is more than 10 males per trap on average per 1 week per 1 ha), the economic threshold of harmfulness of caterpillars is increased by 2-2.5 times, tobacco seedlings are processed in greenhouses by spraying with a chemical preparation confidor (d. century imidacloprid) in the minimum recommended dose of 0.05-0.15 l / ha and incubated 3-5 days before sampling plants to obtain sufficient biological effectiveness. Then, when planting tobacco seedlings, the biological preparation Bicol (biological agent - the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var. Thuringiensis) is applied at a rate of 5-7 l / ha together with irrigation water. A solution of the drug is prepared directly in the containers of transplanters or in the tanks of a water tanker.

Local use of confidor in the seedling period significantly reduces the rate of consumption of the drug. In this case, the toxic load of the insecticide on the soil is reduced. The risk of transferring scoop tracks from the greenhouse to the field is reduced, the biological effectiveness of the bicol preparation is increased. The high efficiency of the combination of these two drugs is achieved due to the synergism of the Bt toxin of the drug Bicol with intestinal poison - the imidacloprid drug Confidor. Toxin Bt destroys the epithelium of the stomach of the phytophage, which facilitates the absorption of poison. Therefore, with the combined use of an insecticide, the consumption rate necessary for the effective protection of tobacco from biting scoops is reduced. As a result, we get the economic and environmental effect.

Using the proposed method of protecting tobacco plantings from biting scoops allows significantly (86%) to reduce damage to plantings and obtain a reliable increase in yield (about 4c / ha). This method is environmentally friendly for beneficial biota and humans compared to the existing method (table).

Table
The biological effectiveness of the method of protecting tobacco from gnawing scoops Option Number of plants Biological efficiency,% Productivity, t / ha total accounting damaged 1 accounting 3 accounting 1 accounting 3 accounting The control 1000 93 201 - - 17.6 The proposed method (confidor + bicol) 1000 fourteen 29th 85 86 21,4 Existing Method (Bazudin) 1000 twenty 40 79 80 21.1 Notes: 1 accounting - 7 days after the appearance of damage by scoops 3 accounting - 28 days after the appearance of damage by scoops

The chemical consumption rate is significantly reduced, while the toxic load of the insecticide on the soil is reduced. It can be used on any culture to protect against biting scoops planted using a transplanting machine. The economic effect of the application of the proposed method of protection is (in 2003 prices) 10,298 rubles / ha in the form of additional net income.

In 2003-2004 The method of protecting tobacco from gnawing scoops was tested under production conditions at Krymskaya agro-industrial complex LLC, Novoukrainskoye subdivision (Krasnodar Territory, Krymsky District). The biological effectiveness of the proposed method of protection is 86%, which is higher than the level of the chemical standard. The negative effect of drugs on the growth and development of tobacco plants was not noted. The stored yield as a result of applying the developed techniques is 18% higher than in the control without treatments.

Claims (1)

A method of protecting tobacco from biting scoops, which consists in the fact that a solution of a biological preparation is simultaneously added to the seedling planting area along with irrigation water, the solution of the preparation being prepared directly in the containers of the seedling machine, pheromone traps are installed on the site before the drug is introduced, and the number of biting pests is determined , characterized in that when the number of scoops is higher than the biological threshold of harmfulness, the seedlings are treated with a chemical preparation before sampling from the greenhouse onfidor is normally 0.05-0.15 l / ha, then it is incubated for 3-5 days, and when planting seedlings, the biological preparation bicol is applied directly to the row zone at a rate of 5-7 l / ha.