RU2284805C2 - Method of improving fitness to physical activity of sportsman - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; sports medicine; medical massage.

SUBSTANCE: during training course, neck, spine and extremities are subject to shiatsu massage, which includes influence onto points, joints, elongation of spinal column and lower extremities. Points are subject to influence by single-time treatment of points of right and left parts of body by three subsequent pressings. Massage starts at sitting positions. Blades of patient are subject to circular influence directed outside; hands of person making massage are put onto blades and onto side surfaces of chest. Chest is subject to shift synchronously with breathing: up for breathing in and down and breathing out. Then patient lays onto his/her spine and points are subject to influence at laying position. Feet are bent to keep them at position of maximal bed during 10 seconds. Lower extremities are extended along axis when taking them by heels and by ankle joints. Procedures are taken 2-3 hours before training three times a week; total number of procedures is 10. Method improved general and special physical activity, activates power and metabolic processes in human body, normalizes tone of vegetative nervous system, reduced recovery time, removes pain and muscle rigidity after heavy trainings.

EFFECT: improved efficiency.

4 ex

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to sports medicine and medical massage, can be used to increase the physical performance of an athlete.

Physical performance is the most important aspect of fitness, due to the morphological and functional state of the basic physiological systems of the body. Physical performance is proportional to the amount of mechanical work that an athlete is able to perform for a long time with high intensity. In sports medicine, the concepts of general and special physical performance are distinguished. Long-term muscle work is limited by the delivery of oxygen to them, so overall physical performance is largely determined by cardiorespiratory performance, which, in turn, is determined by the morphofunctional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and neurohumoral effects on them.

Special physical performance characterizes the athlete's ability to perform work in this sport. To assess it, specific loads characteristic of this sport are used. The levels of general and special physical performance of the same athlete can vary significantly [Karpman V.L., Belotserkovsky Z.V., Gudkov I.A. Testing in sports. - M .: Physical education and sport, 1988. - S.4-10].

Physical performance is the most important factor determining sports achievements [Karpman V.L. et al. Athlete’s heart and performance. - M.: Physical education and sport, 1978. - S. 5]. It is known that overtraining entails functional, biochemical and morphological changes in the body, which leads to a limitation of athletic performance, poor health of an athlete and professional unsuitability [Dembo A.G. Actual problems of modern sports medicine. - M .: Physical education and sport, 1980. - S.150-233]. Overtraining is an overstrain of the central nervous system, including higher centers of regulation of autonomic functions. Despite the success in developing the problem, its relevance does not decrease, but it tends to grow.

To improve the adaptation of the human body to high sports loads, a set of recovery measures is used, including drug therapy, physical and hydrotherapy, reflexology, manual therapy and massage. Each of these sports medicine events has its own limitations.

Drug therapy includes the intake of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, macroergs and other drugs. This allows you to improve tissue respiration, the energy of the heart muscle, its blood supply, increase the oxygen utilization rate, and harmonize the athlete’s emotional sphere. Drug therapy is carried out in the recovery period and at the peak of training loads [Dubrovsky V.I. Rehabilitation in sports. - M.: Physical Education and Sports, 1991. - S.60-88].

However, the constant use of approved medications is not always useful, it has temporary and individual limitations. In particular, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which are often found in athletes, adversely affect the absorption of drugs taken orally. This makes it difficult to accurately dose the medicine when taken orally. The parenteral method allows you to circumvent these obstacles. But at present, they are trying to avoid parenteral administration of drugs, which is associated both with an increase in the allergization of the population, the appearance of fulminant forms of anaphylactic shock, and the spread of blood-borne diseases and, in connection with this, an increase in the negative population for parenteral administration of drugs.

In addition, attempts to solve the problem chemically are limited by the stringent conditions of anti-doping control. Doping unites a huge number of prohibited medicines aimed at achieving high results by an athlete. The composition and quantity of prohibited drugs is constantly changing. There were cases when the harmless drugs used in the treatment of colds excited doping control. Often, the specialists themselves do not know which drugs are allowed and which are prohibited [E. Gasparyants. Sports pharmacology and doping // Medicine and sport. - 2004. - No. 1. - S.28-29]. In connection with the deterioration in the health of young athletes [Kazin E.M. et al. Fundamentals of individual human health: Introduction to general and applied valueology: Textbook. allowance for students. higher textbook. institutions. - M .: VLADOS, 2000. - P.17-21], the problem becomes relevant not only for top-class athletes fighting for world records, but also for ordinary athletes who initially have not very high health indicators.

Physiotherapy can improve blood circulation and trophism of loaded tissues, normalize muscle tone [Dubrovsky V.I. Rehabilitation in sports. - M .: Physical education and sport, 1991. - S.98-104].

It has contraindications, which are often found in athletes, and side effects. In addition, physical treatments require equipment and specialists. Therefore, it is impossible to embrace all those in need during the training process with physiotherapy.

Hydrotherapy helps to improve blood supply to tissues, increase redox processes, remove products of pathological metabolism and tissue breakdown, reduce traumatic edema and hemorrhage, eliminate stagnant phenomena, trophic disorders in tissues [Dubrovsky V.I. Rehabilitation in sports. - M.: Physical education and sport, 1991. - S.105-125].

This type of restoration requires an equipped room, special equipment, cold and hot water supply and medications, which is also not always affordable and expensive. Obtaining these procedures is an additional burden on the cardiovascular system, therefore, has contraindications.

Manual therapy is used to improve athletic form, relieve fatigue, increase the athlete’s physical performance, prevent injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system [Dubrovsky V.I. Encyclopedia of massage. - 3rd ed., Rev. and add. - M .: Flint: RETORIKA-A, 2000. - S. 62-64]. This method works by normalizing the length of the ligaments, resolving the functional blocks of the joints, restoring the mobility of the bones of the skull and craniosacral rhythm, increasing the blood supply to the integumentary tissues, the musculoskeletal system and, reflexively, improving the functional state of the internal organs.

Manual therapy requires regular individual work of a sports doctor with an athlete for many years of training and the availability of appropriate qualifications for the doctor. It is effective against the background of strict observance by the trainer and athlete of recommendations on motor regimes, hygiene poses. Given the level of development of medical care, the method is available only to athletes of the highest class. Irregular use from case to case can reduce the effectiveness of manual therapy to zero.

Closest to the claimed is a method of sports massage, which includes techniques: stroking, rubbing, kneading, vibration [Dubrovsky V.I. Encyclopedia of massage. - 3rd ed., Rev. and add. - M .: Flint: RETORIKA-A, 2000. - S.434-466]. The use of sports massage can improve blood supply to the tissues of the musculoskeletal system, relieve excessive muscle tension, and helps to remove metabolites from muscle tissue into the vascular bed.

The disadvantages of the method:

1. Sports massage includes several types, each of which has a clear confinement to the stage of the training process, its own specific tasks and is performed according to a certain technique.

2. Assumes an individual approach, taking into account the stage of fatigue, the state of muscles, the stage of preparation and other features of the athlete's body.

3. Performing such a massage requires knowledge and skills of the basic techniques of classical massage and specialization in sports massage.

4. The performance of this massage is associated with the expenditure by the masseur of great physical effort, since athletes have a well-developed muscular system and muscle tone is high.

All this limits the scope of sports massage to the field of high achievement sports, while most athletes need it.

The objective of the invention is to increase the overall and special physical performance of the athlete by activating the energy and metabolic processes in the body, normalizing the tone of the autonomic nervous system; shortening the recovery period, relieving pain and muscle stiffness after high training loads.

The task is achieved by the following sequence of actions.

In the pre-competition period, the athlete is trained with physical activity in accordance with the trainer's plan. In the process of training, a shiatsu massage of the neck, back, and limbs is carried out, including exposure to points, joints, extension of the spine and lower extremities. The impact on the points is carried out by a single simultaneous processing of the points of the right and left half of the body with three successive taps. Start the massage in the patient’s sitting position: act on 4 points of the anterior surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle from top to bottom, 4 points from the base of the auricle to the base of the neck from top to bottom, on the point in the central part of the occipital fossa, directly under the occipital tubercle, by 4 points of the back surface of the neck from top to bottom, to the highest points of the shoulders at the place of their transition to the base of the neck, by 5 points of the interscapular region from top to bottom. After this, the patient is stretched by the hands up and back, while bending his spine for 4-5 seconds 3 times, lift and bring together the shoulder joints, hold them for 3 seconds, lower to complete relaxation. Further, in the patient’s lying position on the abdomen, 10 points are located located on the sides of the spine from the 6 thoracic to 5 lumbar vertebra along the line 2 cm lateral to the line of the spinous processes, from top to bottom, affect the patient’s shoulder blades, performing circular movements outward with the hands of the masseur superimposed on they affect the lateral surfaces of the chest, synchronously with breathing, move the chest upward, exhale down, affect 9 points in the middle of the back of the thigh from top to bottom, 3 points in the popliteal MKE from the inside outwards, at 8 dots in the middle of the back of the leg downward on 4 points at the mid plantar surface of the foot from the heel to the toes. Then the patient is transferred to the supine position and affected: from 9 points in the middle of the front surface of the thigh from top to bottom, by 9 points in the middle of the inner surface of the thigh from top to bottom, in the middle of the lateral surface of the thigh from top to bottom, by 6 points along the perimeter of the patella in the direction from the inside out and from top to bottom, by 6 points in the middle of the lateral surface of the lower leg from top to bottom, by 3 points on the front surface of the ankle joint, by 16 points located in parallel rows in the furrows between the metatarsal bones, 4 points in each m row, starting from the point located between 1 and 2 fingers, to 3 points of the front and back surfaces of each finger; affect the joints of the toes of the foot, bending and unbending them 3 times, perform bending of the feet while holding in the position of maximum flexion for 10 seconds. Extend the lower extremities along the axis, taking them by the heels and the ankle joints. Affect the upper limbs: 6 points in the middle of the front surface of the shoulder from top to bottom, 3 points in the ulnar fossa from the inside out, 24 points located in three parallel rows of 8 points closer to the ulnar, radial edges of the forearm and in the middle, 3 points on the line connecting the base of the middle finger with the middle of the wrist joint, 3 points along the line dividing the pectoralis major and anterior portion of the deltoid muscle from top to bottom, 6 points in the middle of the back surface of the shoulder from top to bottom, 8 points on the line, connect the external epicondyle of the shoulder and the middle of the wrist joint from top to bottom, 12 points located in 4 parallel rows of 3 points in a row in the grooves between the metacarpal bones, starting from the point located between 1 and 2 fingers, 3 points of the front and back, then the lateral surfaces of each finger of the upper limb. Massage sessions are carried out 2-3 hours before training, 3 times a week, with a course of 10 procedures.

The novelty of the method:

1) To increase the athlete’s general and special performance, shiatsu massage of the neck, back, limbs was used.

2) The right and left halves of the body are processed simultaneously once.

3) Processing of each point is carried out by three consecutive clicks.

4) The method includes exposure to points, joints, traction of the spine and lower extremities.

5) Massage is carried out 2-3 hours before training.

Shiatsu massage consists of pressing fingers and palms on certain parts of the body, stretching the tissues. In this case, endogenous morphine-like peptides are distinguished: endorphins, enkephalins, which organize the energy balance in the body, harmonize the tone of the autonomic nervous system, increase blood circulation, regulate tissue trophism, the activity of endocrine glands, relieve soreness, reduce nervous and muscle tension [Vasichkin V.I. Handbook of massage. L .: "Medicine" 1991. - P.74-96]. The advantages of this massage: simplicity, physiology, small exposure area, the possibility of use both in pre-medical practice and during treatment, the possibility of combination with other types of rehabilitation therapy [Sokolov P.P. Japanese Shiatsu massage. M .: Soviet Sport ", 1991. - 64 p.].

However, there is no shiatsu technique designed to increase physical performance and improve athletic performance. During a shiatsu massage, the whole body of a person is treated three times in succession, first one, then the other half, with this method it is difficult to maintain bilateral symmetry and three times to get to the same point. A single point press does not have a pronounced tonic effect on the muscle, which is important for an athlete. Long duration, monotony of the procedure (up to one and a half hours), which is difficult to withstand the athlete, especially combining the training and training load.

According to our proposed method, simultaneous processing of the right and left halves of the body is performed, which allows you to symmetrically activate metabolic processes to improve microcirculation, increase muscle tone symmetrically on the right and left halves of the body, which is important to increase general and special performance, especially in symmetrical sports, such like swimming. It is known that the most pronounced tonic effect on the muscle is exerted by triple pressing with an interval of several seconds. Simultaneous treatment of the right and left halves of the body reduces the duration of the procedure by 2 times. Massage is carried out 2-3 hours before training so that the peak of the humoral effect associated with an increase in general and special performance falls on the training time.

The proposed method is as follows.

For an athlete 2-3 hours before training, measure the heart rate and blood pressure, calculate the Kerdo vegetative index. After that, a shiatsu massage procedure is carried out according to the proposed method.

Re-measure heart rate, blood pressure and calculate the Kerdo index.

Massage is carried out 3 times a week: Monday, Wednesday, Friday 30 minutes after lunch, in between classes at school and training.

Massage includes 35 actions. When performing actions 1-8, the athlete sits on a chair.

Action 1: with the thumbs of both hands simultaneously massage 4 points on the front surface of the right and left sternocleidomastoid muscle from top to bottom.

Step 2: process 4 points vertically, going from the bottom point of the base of the auricle to the base of the neck from top to bottom.

Step 3: processing the projected region of the medulla oblongata, pressing a point in the central part of the occipital fossa, directly under the occipital tubercle.

Action 4: thumbs massage 4 points on the back of the right and left halves of the neck from top to bottom.

Action 5: thumbs massage the right and left highest points of the shoulders at the place of their transition to the base of the neck.

Step 6: Thumbs massage 5 points of the right and left interscapular region from top to bottom.

Step 7: stretching the spine. The masseur is standing behind the patient, holding the patient’s raised arms, resting his hip on his spine, slowly increasing the effort, pulling the patient's arms up and back, while slightly bending his spine for 4-5 3 times.

Step 8: treatment of the shoulder joints. The masseur puts his hands on the region of the deltoid muscles, acting with two hands at the same time, raises and brings the shoulder joints together, as far as possible, holds for 3 seconds, releases to complete relaxation.

During actions 9-15, the athlete lies on his stomach.

Step 9: process 10 symmetrical points located on the sides of the spine from the 6 thoracic to 5 lumbar vertebra along the line 2 cm lateral to the line of the spinous processes with the thumbs of both hands from top to bottom.

Step 10: the masseur puts his palms on the patient’s shoulder blades, preventing slipping on the skin, performs circular movements outward.

Step 11: treatment of the lateral areas of the body. The masseur puts his hands on the side surfaces of the chest so that the thumbs are facing the spine, and the rest to the front surface of the chest. Synchronously with breathing, breathing in shifts the chest up, while exhaling - down.

Step 12: process 9 points located in the middle of the back of the thigh with thumbs from top to bottom.

Step 13: process 3 points in the popliteal fossa from the inside out with the thumbs.

Step 14: process 8 points located in the middle of the back surface of the lower leg with thumbs from top to bottom.

Action 15: process 4 points located in the middle of the plantar surface of the foot with the thumbs from heel to toes.

During actions 16-34, the athlete lies on his back.

Action 16: process 9 points located in the middle of the front surface of the thigh with thumbs from top to bottom.

Step 17: process 9 points located in the middle of the inner thigh surface with thumbs from top to bottom.

Step 18: process 9 points located in the middle of the lateral thigh thumbs from top to bottom.

Step 19: process 6 points located around the perimeter of the patella, from the inside out and from top to bottom.

Action 20: process 6 points located in the middle of the lateral surface of the lower leg with thumbs from top to bottom.

Action 21: process 3 points located on the front surface of the ankle joint.

Step 22: process 16 points located in 4 parallel rows in the furrows between the metatarsal bones, 4 points in each row, starting from the point located between 1 and 2 fingers.

Step 23: 3 points of the front and back surfaces of each finger are simultaneously processed with the thumb and forefinger.

Action 24: treatment of the joints of the fingers includes flexion and extension of the toes.

Step 25: treatment of the ankle joint involves dorsiflexion of the foot while keeping it in the maximum flexion position for 10 s.

Action 26: traction of the lower extremities. Taking the lower limbs by the heels and the ankle joints, slowly deviating back, the limbs are extended along the axis for 5 s.

Step 27: processing the upper limb. They process 6 points located in the middle of the front surface of the shoulder with thumbs from top to bottom.

Step 28: process 3 points in the ulnar fossa from the inside out to the thumbs of both hands simultaneously. The pressing force is minimal.

Step 29: process 24 points located in 3 parallel rows: closer to the ulnar, radial edges of the forearm and in the middle, 8 points in each row, from top to bottom, pressing with the middle, index, ring fingers simultaneously on each point.

Action 30: process 3 points located on the line connecting the base of the middle finger with the middle of the wrist joint.

Action 31: process 3 points located along the line dividing the pectoralis major and the anterior portion of the deltoid muscle from top to bottom.

Action 32: process 6 points located in the middle of the back surface of the shoulder from top to bottom.

Action 33: process 8 points located on the line connecting the external epicondyle of the shoulder and the middle of the wrist joint from top to bottom.

Action 34: process 12 points located in 4 parallel rows in the grooves between the metacarpal bones, 3 points in each row, starting from the point located between 1 and 2 fingers.

Step 35: 3 points of the front and back, then the side surfaces of each finger are processed with the thumb and forefinger.

Training takes place in the usual way.

To assess the effectiveness of the proposed method were examined 10 boys, swimmers 13-14 years old, having 2 adults in swimming, engaged in the same sports group. All of them underwent an examination according to the scheme: determining the state of health at the time of examination by clinical methods with measuring blood pressure and heart rate at rest, calculating the Kerdo vegetative index (VI) according to the formula:

VI = 1-DBP: heart rate,

where VI is the vegetative index;

DBP - diastolic blood pressure, mm RT. st .;

Heart rate - heart rate, beats per minute,

[R.S. Minvaleev, A.I. Ivanov. To the theory of control of the human body. Garudasana // Adaptive Physical Culture. - 2003, No. 2. - S.28-29], which characterizes the vegetative reactivity. Conducted a study of the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system according to the results of stress tests Ruffier [Kochetau M.Kh. Factors that determine students' physical-sports activity. / Theory and practice of physical education, 1996. - No. 3. - S. 56-57] and Serkin [G.A. Makarova. Sports medicine. - M.: Soviet Sport, 2002. - P.79-80], a study of the excitability of the sympathetic and parasympathetic sections of the autonomic nervous system using ortho- and clinostatic tests [Practical exercises on medical supervision, ed. Dembo A.G. - M .: Physical education and sport, 1976. - S.80-81]. About special physical performance was judged by the swimming time of a distance of 50 m.

Half of the examined had shiatsu massage according to the proposed method, the second half served as a control group.

Example 1. Athlete P., 13 years old. Engaged in swimming for 4 years, has 2 adults, trains with physical activity in normal mode. According to the results of medical supervision before the start of the massage course revealed:

GARDEN 110 mm Hg, DBP 60 mm Hg, heart rate 87 beats per minute.

Kerdo Index: VI = 1-60: 87 = 0.31. Vegetative reactivity is characterized as sympathicotonia.

The type of response of the cardiovascular system to physical activity according to the Ruffier test is normotonic with a good assessment of the quality of the reaction. Ruffe index 10, which corresponds to a satisfactory performance rating.

With a clinostatic test, the heart rate decreased by 26, which exceeds the upper limit of the norm by 14 beats. With an orthostatic test, the heart rate increased by 36, which is 18 beats higher than the upper limit of normal. The results of the samples indicate an increase in the excitability of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system.

The results of the exercise-breathing test of Serkin: the duration of the breath hold on inhalation before the start of physical activity is 70 seconds, after exercise - 30 seconds, after 1 minute - 80 seconds.

According to the results of a swimming time of 50 m, special physical performance was 36.8 seconds.

Based on the results of the examination, we conclude: the reactivity of the autonomic nervous system is characterized as sympathicotonia. Performance satisfactory. The excitability of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system is increased. Further growth of sports achievements is limited by the state of the cardiorespiratory system and its autonomic regulation.

The athlete was given shiatsu massage 3 times a week according to the proposed method with the assessment of the results of the procedure according to the Kerdo index and muscle condition. As a result of each massage session, a change in the Kerdo index was noted with a decrease in sympathicotonia. Muscles on palpation are painless, elastic consistency.

After a massage course:

GARDEN 100 mm Hg, DBP 60 mm Hg, heart rate 74 beats per minute.

Kerdo Index: VI = 1-60: 74 = 0.19. Sympathicotonia is less pronounced than before a massage course.

The type of response of the cardiovascular system to physical activity according to the Ruffier test is normotonic with an excellent assessment of the quality of the reaction. Ruffe index 7, which corresponds to a good assessment of performance, that is, the assessment of the quality of the reaction has become higher, the performance has increased.

With a clinostatic test, the heart rate decreased by 14, which corresponds to the upper limit of the norm. With an orthostatic test, the heart rate increased by 18, which corresponds to the upper limit of the norm. The results of the tests indicate a normalization of the excitability of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system.

The results of the exercise-breathing test of Serkin: the duration of the breath hold on inspiration before the start of physical activity is 80 seconds, after exercise - 30 seconds, after 1 minute - 87 seconds. There was an increase in the duration of the breath-holding at all stages of the test. A sailing time of 50 m was 35 seconds, that is, decreased by 1.8 seconds, therefore, special physical performance increased.

Conclusion: Shiatsu massage according to the proposed method caused a decrease in heart rate and resting blood pressure. The impact was accompanied by higher results of stress testing, the cardiorespiratory system began to work in a more economical mode, that is, the general and special physical performance increased, the tone of the autonomic nervous system returned to normal.

Result: shiatsu massage according to the proposed method allowed increasing cardiorespiratory performance, normalizing the reactivity and excitability of the autonomic nervous system, energetic and metabolic processes intensified, the recovery period after training loads was reduced, and the muscle condition improved. All this allowed the athlete to achieve better results with sports loads, and the coach - to intensify the training. At the competitions, the athlete showed the result of a swim of 50 m 34.42 seconds.

Example 2. Athlete K., 14 years old. Engaged in swimming for 8 years, has 2 adult discharges, training with physical activity in normal mode. According to the results of medical supervision before the start of the massage course revealed:

GARDEN 110 mm Hg, DBP 65 mm Hg, heart rate 60 beats per minute, arrhythmic.

Kerdo Index: VI = 1-65: 60 = -0.1. Vegetative reactivity is characterized as parasympathicotonia.

The type of response of the cardiovascular system to physical activity according to the Ruffier test is normotonic with a good assessment of the quality of the reaction. Ruffe index 5.2, which corresponds to a good assessment of performance.

With a clinostatic test, the heart rate decreased by 42, which exceeds the upper limit of the norm by 30 beats. With an orthostatic test, the heart rate increased by 36, which is 18 beats higher than the upper limit of normal. The results of the samples indicate a significant increase in the excitability of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system.

The results of the exercise-breathing test of Serkin: the duration of the breath hold on inhalation before the start of physical activity is 35 seconds, after exercise - 15 seconds, after 1 minute - 33 seconds.

According to the results of a swimming time of 50 m, special physical performance was 28.2 seconds.

Based on the analysis of the survey results, we conclude that the further growth of sports achievements is limited by the state of the cardio-respiratory system and its autonomic regulation.

The athlete was given shiatsu massage 3 times a week, a total of 10 procedures, according to the proposed method with the evaluation of the results of the procedure according to the Kerdo index, muscle condition. As a result of each massage session, a change in the Kerdo index was noted with a decrease in sympathicotonia. Muscles on palpation are painless, elastic consistency.

After a massage course:

GARDEN 105 mm Hg, DBP 60 mm Hg, heart rate 60 beats per minute, rhythmic.

Kerdo Index VI = 1-60: 60 = 0. Vegetative reactivity is characterized as eutonia.

The type of response of the cardiovascular system to physical activity according to the Ruffier test is normotonic with a good assessment of the quality of the reaction. The Ruffe index is 4.6, which corresponds to an excellent assessment of working capacity, that is, the assessment of the quality of the reaction has become higher, the working capacity has increased.

With a clinostatic test, the heart rate decreased by 30, which exceeds the upper limit of the norm by 18 beats. With an orthostatic test, the heart rate increased by 24, which is 6 beats higher than the upper limit of normal. The results of the tests indicate a decrease in the increased excitability of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system.

The results of Serkin's stress-breathing test: the duration of the breath-holding delay on inhalation before the start of physical activity is 53 seconds, after the exercise - 18 seconds, after 1 minute - 40 seconds, that is, there was an increase in the duration of the breath-holding at all stages of the test.

According to the results of a swimming time of 50 m, special physical performance was 27.5 seconds, that is, decreased by 1.3 seconds. At the competitions, the athlete showed the result of a 50m swim in 27.43 seconds.

Conclusion: Shiatsu massage according to the proposed scheme and method caused a decrease in resting blood pressure. The impact was accompanied by higher results of stress testing, therefore, the cardiorespiratory system operates in a more economical mode, that is, the overall and special physical performance increases. The tone of the autonomic nervous system has changed towards normalization.

Result: shiatsu massage according to the proposed method allowed increasing cardiorespiratory performance, normalizing the reactivity and excitability of the autonomic nervous system, energetic and metabolic processes intensified, the recovery period after training loads was reduced, and the muscle condition improved. All this allowed the athlete to achieve better results with sports loads, and the coach - to intensify the training.

Example 3. Athlete C., 13 years old. Engaged in swimming for 4 years, has 2 adults, training in normal mode. According to the results of medical control revealed:

GARDEN 100 mm Hg, DBP 50 mm Hg, heart rate 66 beats per minute, rhythmic.

Kerdo Index: VI = 1-50: 66 = 0.25. Vegetative reactivity is characterized as sympathicotonia.

The type of response of the cardiovascular system to physical activity according to the Ruffier test is normotonic with a good assessment of the quality of the reaction. The Ruffe index is 3.4, which corresponds to an excellent performance rating.

With a clinostatic test, the heart rate decreased by 18, which exceeds the upper limit of the norm by 6 beats. With an orthostatic test, the heart rate increased by 40, which is 22 strokes higher than the upper limit of normal. The results of the samples indicate an increase in the excitability of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system.

The results of the exercise-breathing test of Serkin: the duration of the breath hold on inhalation before starting physical activity is 40 seconds, after exercise - 15 seconds, after 1 minute - 30 seconds.

According to the results of a swimming time of 50 m, special physical performance was 34.0 seconds.

Conclusion: the response to physical activity is good, the performance on the Ruffier test is excellent, there is an increase in the tone of the parasympathetic and sympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system. Admitted to training.

The athlete trained according to the trainer's plan in a group with athletes P. and K. from examples 1 and 2. A control examination was carried out simultaneously with a survey of athletes P. and K. With a second study:

GARDEN 95 mm Hg, DBP 50 mm Hg, heart rate 86 beats per minute, arrhythmic.

Kerdo Index: VI = 1-50: 86 = 0.42. Sympathicotonia intensified.

The type of response of the cardiovascular system to physical activity according to the Ruffier test is normotonic with a satisfactory assessment of the quality of the reaction. The Ruffier index is 7.1, that is, the assessment of the quality of the reaction has become lower, the performance has decreased.

With a clinostatic test, the heart rate decreased by 32, which exceeds the upper limit of the norm by 20 beats. With an orthostatic test, the heart rate increased by 24, which is 6 beats higher than the upper limit of normal. The results of the tests indicate a decrease in the excitability of the sympathetic and an increase in the excitability of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

The results of the Serkin exercise-breathing test: the duration of the breath-holding delay on inspiration before the start of physical activity is 50 seconds, after the exercise - 15 seconds, after 1 minute - 40 seconds, that is, the duration of the breath-holding increased during 1 and 3 measurements.

According to the results of a 50m swim time, special physical performance was 32.2 seconds, that is, decreased by 1.8 seconds. At the competitions, the athlete showed the result of a 50m swim in 36.24 seconds.

Conclusion: as a result of the training process, the athlete experienced an increase in heart rate, the pulse became arrhythmic. Cariorespiratory performance and overall physical performance declined, although special physical performance increased. There is a slight increase in the duration of breath holding. The dynamics of the indicators of the state of the autonomic nervous system indicates a shift in autonomic reactivity towards an increase in sympathicotonia against the background of an increase in the excitability of the tone of the parasympathetic nervous system, which indicates an increase in the imbalance in the tone of the autonomic nervous system and the development of autonomic dystonia.

Result: despite the athlete’s good functional capabilities, training loads adequate to athletes who received shiatsu massage turned out to be excessive for him. To prevent the development of overtraining, it is necessary to reduce training loads or conduct rehabilitation therapy.

Example 4. Athlete S., 13 years old. He has been involved in swimming for 7 years, has 2 adults, exercises with physical activity in the usual way. According to the results of medical control revealed:

GARDEN 90 mm Hg, DBP 60 mm Hg, heart rate 60 beats per minute, rhythmic.

Kerdo Index: VI = 1-60: 60 = 0. Vegetative reactivity is characterized as eutonia.

The type of response of the cardiovascular system to physical activity according to the Ruffier test is normotonic with a good assessment of the quality of the reaction. The Ruffe index is 3.4, which corresponds to an excellent performance rating.

With a clinostatic test, the heart rate decreased by 12, which corresponds to the upper limit of the norm. With an orthostatic test, the heart rate increased by 12, which is normal. The results of the samples indicate the normal excitability of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system.

The results of the exercise-breathing test of Serkin: the duration of the breath hold on inhalation before the start of physical activity is 45 seconds, after exercise - 20 seconds, after 1 minute - 45 seconds.

According to the results of a swimming time of 50 m, special physical performance was 34.2 seconds.

Conclusion: the response to physical activity is good, the performance on the Ruffier test is excellent, the autonomy of the autonomic nervous system with normal excitability of the sympathetic and parasympathetic sections. Admitted to training.

The athlete trained according to the trainer's plan in a group with athletes P. and K. from examples 1 and 2. A control examination was carried out simultaneously with a survey of athletes P. and K. With a second study:

GARDEN 100 mm Hg, DBP 70 mm Hg, heart rate 76 beats per minute, rhythmic.

Kerdo Index VI = 1-70: 76 = 0.1. There has been a shift in vegetative reactivity towards sympathicotonia.

The type of response of the cardiovascular system to physical activity according to the Ruffier test is normotonic with an excellent assessment of the quality of the reaction. The Ruffier index is 8.5, which corresponds to a satisfactory performance rating. That is, the assessment of the quality of the reaction became the best, and the performance decreased.

With a clinostatic test, the heart rate did not decrease, but increased by 25, that is, the athlete gave a paradoxical reaction with an increase in the tone of the sympathetic nervous system. During an orthostatic test, the heart rate did not increase, but decreased by 26, that is, the athlete gave a paradoxical reaction with an increase in the tone of the parasympathetic nervous system. The results of the tests indicate a violation of the excitability of the autonomic nervous system with the formation of paradoxical reactions. The results of Serkin's exercise-breathing test: the duration of breath holding on inspiration before the start of physical activity is 40 seconds, after exercise - 15 seconds, after 1 minute - 22 seconds, that is, the duration of breath holding of all measurements decreased.

According to the results of a swimming time of 50 m, special physical performance was 34.0 seconds, that is, it improved by 0.2 seconds. At the competitions, the athlete showed the result of a 50m swim in 35.68 seconds.

Conclusion: as a result of the training process, the athlete experienced an increase in heart rate. Cariorespiratory performance and overall physical performance decreased, the athlete began to respond to physical activity mainly by increasing the heart rate. Special physical performance increased slightly. The duration of breath holding has decreased. The dynamics of the indicators of the state of the autonomic nervous system indicates a serious violation of its tone with the formation of paradoxical reactions.

Result: despite the athlete’s good functional capabilities, training loads adequate to athletes who received shiatsu massage turned out to be excessive for him. The athlete is overworked with the prospect of overtraining and the formation of autonomic dystonia syndrome. To prevent the development of overtraining, it is necessary to reduce training loads and conduct rehabilitation therapy.

The proposed method is effective to increase general and special physical performance due to increased cardiorespiratory performance and normalization of the autonomic regulation of the main visceral systems of the athlete's body during training.

Its use helps to increase the functional capabilities of the cardiovascular system due to the normalization of the tone of the autonomic nervous system, the economization of the heart and increase the reserve capacity of the circulatory apparatus during muscle activity. One of the most important components of the success of physical training is a reduction in heart rate and a decrease in blood pressure as a manifestation of cardiac activity and lower oxygen demand for the myocardium, resulting in an increase in the duration of the diastole phase and venous return, which provides greater blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle . Increased tolerance to hypoxia, manifested in an increase in the duration of breath holding at all stages of the Serkin test, is the second term for increasing physical performance and fitness, especially relevant in aerobic sports, one of which is swimming. The third term is the activation of energy and metabolic processes in the body, the removal of pain and muscle stiffness after high training loads.

The proposed method is used on the basis of the municipal medical and physical dispensary and the Vityaz sports complex in Novokuznetsk.

Claims (1)

A way to increase the athlete’s physical performance by training with physical activity and performing massage, characterized in that during the training they conduct a shiatsu massage of the neck, back, limbs, including exposure to points, joints, stretching of the spine and lower extremities, the effect on the points is carried out by a single simultaneous processing of points of the right and left half of the body with three successive taps, begin the massage in the patient’s sitting position: on 4 points of the anterior surface of the sternocleidomast of the mastoid muscle from top to bottom, 4 points from the base of the auricle to the base of the neck from top to bottom, to a point in the central part of the occipital fossa, directly below the occipital tubercle, to 4 points of the back of the neck from top to bottom, to the highest points of the shoulders at the place of their transition to the base neck, at 5 points of the interscapular region from top to bottom, after which the patient is stretched by the arms up and back, while bending his spine for 4-5 seconds 3 times, raise and bring the shoulder joints together, hold them for 3 seconds, lower them to completely relaxed I, in the position of the patient lying on his stomach, act on 10 points located on the sides of the spine from the 6 thoracic to 5 lumbar vertebra along the line 2 cm lateral to the line of the spinous processes from top to bottom, affect the patient’s shoulder blades, performing circular movements outward with the hands of the masseur superimposed on they affect the lateral surfaces of the chest, synchronously with breathing, move the chest upward, exhale down, affect 9 points in the middle of the back of the thigh from top to bottom, 3 points in the popliteal fossa in the direction from the inside out, by 8 points in the middle of the back surface of the lower leg from top to bottom, by 4 points in the middle of the plantar surface of the foot from the heel to the fingers, transfer the patient to the supine position and act on 9 points in the middle of the front surface of the thigh from top to bottom, 9 points in the middle the inner surface of the thigh from top to bottom, in the middle of the lateral surface of the thigh from top to bottom, by 6 points along the perimeter of the patella in the direction from the inside out and from top to bottom, by 6 points in the middle of the side surface of the tibia from top to bottom, by 3 points and on the front surface of the ankle joint, 16 points located in parallel rows in the furrows between the metatarsal bones 4 points in each row, starting from the point located between 1 and 2 fingers, 3 points of the front and back surfaces of each finger affect the joints bending and unbending the fingers of the fingers 3 times, perform bending of the feet with a maximum bend of 10 s, stretching the lower extremities along the axis, taking them by the heels and the ankle joints, affect the upper limbs: 6 points in the middle of the front surface of the shoulder from top to bottom, 3 points in the elbow direction from the inside out, 24 points located in three parallel rows of 8 points closer to the ulnar, radial edges of the forearm and in the middle, 3 points on the line connecting the base of the middle finger with the middle wrist joint, 3 points along the line dividing the pectoralis major and anterior portion of the deltoid muscle from top to bottom, 6 points in the middle of the back surface of the shoulder from top to bottom, 8 points on the line connecting the external epicondyle of the shoulder and the middle from the wrist joint from top to bottom, 12 points located in 4 parallel rows of 3 points in a row in the grooves between the metacarpal bones, starting from the point located between 1 and 2 fingers, 3 points of the front and back, then the lateral surfaces of each finger of the upper limb, sessions massage is carried out 2-3 hours before training, 3 times a week, a course of 10 procedures.