RU2284309C1 - Device for group moulding of charges of solid rocket engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rocket engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises movable cassette with moulds to be filled, mass duct with the distributor of fuel supply to the moulds, and mechanism for pressing the moulds to the branch pipes of the distributor. The distributor is made of a detachable ring collector whose detachable lid provided with outlet branch pipes is secured to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder. The mechanism for pressing moulds and control of cutting members is made of two coaxial hydraulic cylinders. The rod of the outer hydraulic cylinder is provided with flange having bearing pillars for cassette and mounted at the bottom end of the rod. The top end of the rod is provided with gearing rotatable bushing of the axial lock that connects the rod with the cassette. The piston of the inner hydraulic cylinder is mounted in the rod of the outer hydraulic cylinder and provided with a tip from above that connects the rod to the cutting members of the moulds through the rod of the cassette.

EFFECT: expanded functional capabilities.

1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to techniques for the manufacture of charges of rocket engines from mixed solid fuels (CTT) and is intended for the group formation of mainly medium-sized charges weighing up to ≈1000 kg in conditions of small-scale and mass production.

A device for forming charges of mixed solid fuel according to the application of France No. 2415530, filed January 25, 1978. It contains a vertical cylindrical container, a piston, a strut, an upper plate, and charges forms vertically arranged around the piston perimeter. Openings for filling molds are provided at the bottom of the piston. The fuel composition is mixed in a cylindrical container, after which a piston with forms is introduced into it from above. Forms are filled by lowering the piston or raising the cylindrical container. At the end of filling, the piston is in contact with the bottom of the cylindrical container, on which a rubber layer is located, which prevents the fuel composition from flowing out of the mold. Then the fuel composition is polymerized at elevated temperature and charges are removed. The disadvantage of this design is that for each group of charges requires a separate cylindrical tank, which passes in the place with the forms of the polymerization cycle. In the mass production of charges, a large number of capacities is required, which leads to a large metal consumption of the equipment and large material costs. In addition, between the bottom of the cylindrical container and the end face of the piston remains a film of the rejected composition, which has to be cleaned, which makes the process laborious and unsafe.

Also known installation for forming missile charges according to US patent No. 3807272, issued 30.04.1974. The installation comprises a rotary table with fillable forms for charges fixed to it, a feed pipe system (mass pipe) for supplying the fuel composition from the supply tank to the molds using metering cylinders, means for creating a vacuum associated with the feed pipe system and the molds.

The disadvantages of this design are:

- the complexity of the design of the mass pipeline, consisting of a large number of pipes, branches (according to the number of simultaneously filled products), metering cylinders. Significant difficulties arise when cleaning these elements of the mass pipe at the end of filling work;

- the method of filling charges by feeding the composition from the top under vacuum used in the installation causes the appearance of profitable volumes removed by machining, which increases the complexity and danger of the technological process of manufacturing charges.

More promising is the installation of automatic filling of the charges of rocket engines from STT according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2191277, issued 20.10.2002, adopted by the authors as a prototype. The unit is designed for single and group molding of small charges in mass production. In the version for group molding, the installation comprises a rotary table mounted on the frame, on which a removable drum-rotor is installed with movable cassettes placed in its guides with fillable molds. Needles of the molds are movable and equipped with shutoff valves at the bottom. The mass supply line of the fuel composition to the molds is flexible and contains a distributor located on the rod of the hydraulic cylinder of the preload, with channels and filling tips according to the number of simultaneously filled molds.

The specified installation provides vacuum-free molding in remote mode by single and group methods of charges of a given geometric shape without profitable volumes.

The main disadvantage of the automatic filling installation according to patent No. 2191277 is:

- limited range of use. The use of the installation according to this technical solution is advantageous in conditions of the release of large series of charges weighing ≈100 kg for single filling and about 25 kg for group filling. A further increase in the mass and, accordingly, the dimensions of the charges being filled leads to a proportional increase in the overall dimensions and metal consumption of the main elements of the installation - drums, cassettes, clamping mechanism, wrench, etc. They become bulky, not convenient to operate. Due to the large mass of molds and, accordingly, drums and cassettes, transportation and handling operations with filled molds are complicated, as it is necessary to use transport and handling equipment of greater carrying capacity.

Placing in the installation the mechanism for moving the needles - cut-off molds (wrench) at the top (on the upper plate) makes it difficult to use the installation to fill charges of different lengths, because changeover is required for each charge size - moving up or down either the top plate with a wrench, or the clamping mechanism, or the use of various extensions. Accordingly, a change in the height of the drums is required.

In addition, the operation of the mass pipeline is difficult - the operations of disconnecting the distributor from it and cleaning these channels are carried out manually, which worsens the safety conditions for work.

The technical task of the present invention is to remedy these shortcomings, the creation of the most unified device, providing group production of a wide range of charges: weighing from 100 kg to ≈1000 kg, diameter from 150 mm to ≈600 mm, length from 500 mm to ≈3000 mm; reducing the complexity of the technological process of manufacturing charges.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device for forming charges of rocket engines, comprising a frame with fastening elements of movable cartridges with molds placed thereon, a mass pipe with a fuel composition dispenser to molds, a mechanism for clamping the dispenser to molds, a mechanism opening and closing of the shutoffs and the control system, the fuel supply dispenser is mounted motionless on the frame of the truck and is made in the form of a detachable ring collector, a removable cover which o with outlet nozzles fastened to the rod of the connector cylinder, the mechanism for pressing the molds to the nozzles of the distributor and the opening and closing mechanism of the shutoffs are combined into one unit located in the center of the frame of the cart coaxially with the distributor, consisting of two coaxial cylinders, the outer rod of which has on the lower end is a flange with support legs for the cassette, on the upper end there is a rotary gear sleeve forming an axial locking connection with a splined stop of the cassette base, and the piston of the internal hydraulic cylinder is installed in the outer rod and connected at the top to the cassette rod by a gripper containing a tip with a radial hole and a finger.

The proposed design of the device allows for remote group vacuum-free molding in a wide range of items of medium-sized charges of rocket engines in serial and small-scale production.

The invention of the proposed design of a device for group forming charges of rocket engines is illustrated by the following drawing, which shows a General view of the device in section:

1 - trolley frame;

2 - mass pipe;

3 - distributor;

4 - the mechanism of pressing the molds and control cutters;

5 - mold;

6 - cassette;

7 - supporting hydraulic cylinder;

8 - the base of the collector;

9 - a cover plate of a collector;

10 - outlet pipe;

11 - sealing gasket;

12 - a bolt;

13 - stock;

14 - the piston of the reference hydraulic cylinder;

15 - guide rod;

16 - external hydraulic cylinder;

17 - the rod of the external hydraulic cylinder;

18 - the piston of the internal hydraulic cylinder;

19 - rod control cutoffs;

20 - a cover of an internal hydraulic cylinder;

21 - a rack;

22 - plate;

23 - thrust bearing;

24 - gear rotary sleeve;

25 - pin;

26 - the sleeve is stationary;

27 - plate;

28 - position sensor "cartridge is tightened";

29 - position sensor "cassette wrung out";

30 - needle-cutter mold;

31 - tip;

32 - finger;

33 - plate;

34 - position sensor "cutter open";

35 - position sensor "cutter closed";

36 - pressure sensor;

37 - a bolt.

The group charge forming device is mounted on the frame of the trolley 1 and consists of a mass pipe 2 with a distributor 3 and a mechanism for compressing the molds and controlling the cutoffs 4.

The mass pipeline 2 is intended for supplying the fuel composition from the supply tank through the distributor 3 to the molds 5 assembled in the cartridge 6. As a supply tank, a continuous mixer (SND) or a removable batch mixer housing with a piston hydraulic system for displacing the fuel composition can be used .

The distributor 3 is placed on the supporting hydraulic cylinder 7 and is made in the form of an annular detachable manifold consisting of a base 8 and a removable cover plate 9, on which the outlet pipes 10 with sealing gaskets 11 are placed for docking with the lower covers of the filled molds. The removable cover-plate 9 is fastened with bolts 12 to the rod 13 of the piston 14 of the support hydraulic cylinder 7, providing remote opening of the manifold of the distributor 3 for cleaning it after the end of the molding process. The orientation of the molds 5 relative to the outlet pipes 10 of the distributor is carried out using the guide rod 15, mounted on the cover plate 9 and entering the hole in the base of the cartridge 6 when it is installed on the device.

The mechanism for pressing the molds and controlling the cutoffs 4 is placed in the center of the cover plate 9 coaxially with the distributor 3 and consists of two coaxial hydraulic cylinders - the external 16, the rod 17 of which is an internal hydraulic cylinder having a piston 18 with the rod 19 for controlling the cutoffs of the molds. On the lower part of the stem 17, a cover 20 is installed with racks 21 supporting the plate 22 with supporting thrusts 23 under the cartridge 6. At the upper end of the rod 17 there is a gear rotary sleeve 24 with a pin 25 included in the profile groove of the stationary sleeve 26 mounted on the cover plate 9, which is also the cover of the external hydraulic cylinder 16. When moving the rod 17 down (up), the gear sleeve 24 is deployed by moving the pin 25 along the profile groove of the stationary sleeve 24. The latter is oriented in the angular arrangement of the profile groove under the bolts ft relative to the guide rod 15 in such a way that in the upper position of the rod 17, the protrusions (teeth) of the rotary sleeve 24 are aligned with the slots of the splined stop "A" of the cassette base, and in the lower position, the protrusions of the rotary sleeve are aligned with the protrusions of the splined base of the cartridge base. In the lower position of the rod 17, the axial locking connection of the rod with the cassette 6 is closed, which provides a clamping of the lower covers of the molds 5 to the outlet pipes 10 of the distributor. A plate 27 is fixed on the plate 22, which closes the sensors 28 and 29, which fix the “pressed” or “pressed” position of the cartridge with the molds, respectively.

The rod 19 of the internal hydraulic cylinder 17 is designed to move the needle-cutters 30 of the molds 5. At the upper end of the rod there is a tip 31 with a radial hole, which is connected by a finger 32 to the rod of the cartridge 6, connected with the needle-cutters of the molds. The design of the elements of the cartridge for transmitting movement from the rod of the internal hydraulic cylinder to the needle-cutter 30 of the molds may be different depending on the design features of the mold. When the rod 19 is moved up, the needles are raised to open the mold cutters, when moved down, the needles are lowered to close the shutters. A plate 33 is fixed at the lower end of the stem, which closes the sensors 34 or 35, which fix the "open" or "closed" position of the mold cut-offs.

The operation of the group formation molding of charges of rocket engines is carried out in the following sequence.

The mechanism for pressing the molds and controlling the shutoffs is brought to its original position, in which the rod 17 of the external hydraulic cylinder with the cover 20 and the supporting posts 21 is moved to the upper extreme position, and the rod 19 of the internal hydraulic cylinder to the lower extreme position. The limit switches 29 and 35 are closed, the signals "cassette pressed out" and "cutters closed" are triggered on the control panel. The cassette with the molds is reloaded from the transport platform to the molding device, is guided by a hole in the base along the guide rod 15 and mounted on the thrust bearings 23 of the plate 22. In this case, the gear rotary sleeve 24 enters the cavity of the base of the cassette 6, its protrusions pass through the grooves of the spline stop "A" and are located above it, and the lower covers of the molds are located strictly along the axes of the outlet pipes 10 of the distributor. Finger 32 is installed in the holes of the cassette rod and tip 31 of the rod 19 of the internal hydraulic cylinder — the cassette rod is coupled to the rod for controlling the mold shutoffs.

Remotely, by applying oil pressure to the cavity "B" of the external hydraulic cylinder 16, the rod 17 is moved down. In this case, the cassette is lowered on the thrust bearings 23 of the plate 22 and at the same time the rotation of the gear sleeve to align its protrusions with the protrusions of the spline stop "A" of the base of the cassette. After the necks of the lower covers of the molds touch the gaskets 11 of the outlet pipes 10 of the distributor, the cassette lowers and with the further movement of the rod 17 down the thrust bearings 23 of the plate 22 will move away from the base of the cassette, and the protrusions of the gear sleeve will come into contact with the protrusions of the spline stop "A "cassettes - the axial locking connection of the rod 17 with the cassette will close and then we will end up with the gaskets 11 and the joints of the lower mold covers with the nozzles 10 of the distributor. The end sensor 28 is closed, - the signal "cassette is preloaded" is triggered on the remote control.

Remotely, by applying oil pressure to the cavity “B” of the internal hydraulic cylinder, the rod 19 is moved upward — the mold shutoffs are opened. The sensor 34 closes, - the signal "cut-offs open" is triggered on the remote control. The position of the elements of the molding device before starting to fill is shown in figure 1.

The supply of the fuel composition to the mass pipe is turned on, - the mass flows through the internal cavity of the collector to the outlet pipes 10 of the distributor and then to the filled molds.

The end of the filling process is determined using the sensor 36 to achieve the required pressure of the fuel composition in the molds and mass pipe 2.

Remotely, by applying oil pressure to the cavity "G" of the internal hydraulic cylinder, the rod 19 is moved down to close the mold shutoffs. The closed position of the shutoffs is fixed by the sensor 35, the signal on the control panel "cutoffs closed" is triggered.

Next, the supply of the fuel composition to the mass pipe is turned off and a command is given to spin the cartridge with the molds - the oil pressure is supplied to the cavity "D" of the external hydraulic cylinder 16, when the rod 17 moves upward, the protrusions of the rotary sleeve 24 depart from the spline stop "A" of the cartridge, then the racks 21 raise the cartridge - the lower covers of the molds are disconnected from the nozzles 10 of the distributor, followed by the rotation of the gear sleeve to align its protrusions with the grooves of the splined stop of the cartridge. At the end of the stroke of the rod 17, the sensor 29 closes, - the signal "cassette squeezed" is triggered on the remote control.

Next, the cartridge with the filled molds is reloaded from the molding device to the transport device and sent to the polymerization of the fuel composition.

After the process of filling all the molds from the batch (end of start) is completed, the mass pipe 2 is disconnected from the distributor 3, the bolts 37 of the fastening of the removable cover-plate 9 to the base 8 of the collector are turned off. Remotely, by applying oil pressure to the cavity "E" of the hydraulic cylinder 7, the cover of the plate 9 is disconnected from the base of the manifold by the stroke of the piston 14, then the cavity of the base 8 is cleaned from the remaining fuel mass.

Thus, the use of a device for group forming of charges according to the proposed technical solution allows you to significantly expand the range of molded charges, different in weight and size. Placing the control mechanism of the mold cut-offs in the lower part of the device and combining it with the compression drive of the mold removes the restriction of the filled charges in height; the device in comparison with the known becomes more compact, significantly smaller in size, convenient to use. The design of the distributor in the form of an annular collector with a removable cover from the hydraulic actuator allows to improve the operating conditions of the device due to the remote execution of the unsafe operation of disassembling the distributor for cleaning.

The proposed device for group forming charges of rocket engines is manufactured and passed an experimental test with a positive result at Perm Plant named after CM. Kirov.

Claims (1)

A device for group forming the charges of rocket engines from mixed solid fuel, comprising a trolley frame with movable cartridges with molds placed on it, a mass pipe with a distributor for supplying fuel composition to the molds, a mechanism for opening and closing cutoffs and a control system, characterized in that the distributor the supply of the fuel composition is mounted on the frame of the truck motionless and is made in the form of a detachable annular collector, a removable cover of which with the outlet nozzles is fastened to the hydraulic rod the connector cylinder, the mechanism for pressing the molds to the outlet pipes of the distributor, and the mechanism for opening and closing the shutoffs are combined into one assembly located in the center of the trolley frame coaxially with the distributor and consisting of two coaxial hydraulic cylinders, the outer rod of which has a flange with support legs at the lower end under the cassette, and at the upper end - a rotary gear sleeve, which forms an axial locking connection with the spline stop of the cassette base, while the piston of the internal hydraulic cylinder is installed in the rod of the external hydraulic cylinder and connected at the top to the cassette rod by a gripper containing a tip with a radial hole and a finger.