RU2283294C2 - Composition for manufacturing organomineral fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: organomineral fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to manufacture of fertilizer based on bark and intended to increase fertility of soils and productivity of crops. In particular, composition consists of crushed aspen bark with mineral fertilizer additives (90% in total) and swollen vermiculite (10%).The mix is composted under aerobic conditions for 2-3 months.

EFFECT: increased fertilizer efficiency.

2 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the processing of waste from the forestry complex and to agriculture, namely, the production of fertilizers based on bark, used to increase soil fertility and crop productivity.

The problem of utilization of tree bark for fertilizer is relevant, since in the Russian Federation about 20-25 million tons are formed annually.

A known method of producing fertilizers from aspen bark (ed. Certificate. USSR and 1079648, C 05 F 11/08, 03/15/1984). Its disadvantage is the complexity of the cooking technology: before the stage of mixing with mineral additives, the bark is extracted with an organic solvent, and then treated with wood-destroying mushrooms.

There is also a method of composting wood waste, including mixing crushed spruce bark with mineral components (Kolodkin Yu.A. et al. Spruce bark - a substrate for greenhouses // Potatoes and vegetables. - 1976. - No. 3. - P.21-22) . The disadvantage of this method is not high enough efficiency.

In addition, fertilizer compositions based on bark are known, to which components are added: manure, bird droppings, lignin, activated sludge, phosphorites, etc., the disadvantages of which are a low content of trace elements and a short duration.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of organomineral fertilizer, contributing to increased productivity of agricultural plants.

The closest to the technical essence of the invention is a composition comprising composted bark and an adsorbent - zeolite heilandite-clinoptilolite form (1. Patent No. 21115300. Cl. A 01 G 31/00. 1998 - prototype; 2. Ulyanova OA, Lyukshina I.V., Ivchenko M.V., Korabelnikova S.V. Transformation of organomineral compositions based on aspen bark // Advances in Modern Natural Sciences. - 2004. - No. 2. - P.129-131 - prototype).

A common essential feature of the proposed composition and prototype is the presence in them of such components as the main one - bark and mineral additives: urea and superphosphate. In addition, in the known and in the proposed compositions there are adsorbents: in the first - zeolite, and in the second - expanded vermiculite.

The difference of the claimed composition from the known one is that as an adsorbent it contains expanded vermiculite of the following chemical composition (%): SiO ₂ - 57.40; MgO - 15.00; Fe ₂ O ₃ - 9.6; Al ₂ O ₃ - 4.80; K ₂ O - 3.17; CaO - 1.40; Mn - 0.12; TiO ₂ 0.65; Na ₂ O - 0.63.

The composition is prepared as follows: 65 kg of aspen bark (86.4%), crushed to a particle size of 3-20 mm, mixed with 2.1 kg of urea (2.8%) and 0.6 kg of superphosphate (0.8%). When mixing the components of aspen bark and mineral fertilizers, 7.5 kg of expanded vermiculite (10.0%) is introduced into the mixture. All components are mixed and moisturized. The humidity of the mixture is adjusted to optimal (65-70%) and composted with periodic watering and stirring for aeration for 2-3 months. Due to the expanded vermiculite introduced into the proposed composition and capable of retaining moisture 4 times its mass, the frequency of watering during composting is reduced. Favorable hydrothermal conditions during composting of the proposed composition contribute to an increase in the number of microorganisms involved in the destruction of the organic mass of aspen bark and ensure a high intensity of biochemical processes. The characteristics of fertilizer compositions for the mobile forms of organic matter and nitrogen of the known and proposed compositions are given in table 1. It can be seen that the proposed and known compositions by carbon of organic matter (C _org. ), By carbon extracted by 0.1 n NaOH (C _NaOH ), by the ratio of carbon of humic acids (C _gk ) to carbon of fulvic acids (C _fc ) do not significantly differ, the same time, the introduction of expanded vermiculite in the aspen bark contributed to a 2-fold increase in the content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen compared to the known method.

It was experimentally established that the total exchange capacity (POE) of expanded vermiculite was 110 mEq / 100 g and 1.4 times higher than that in zeolite (78 mEq / 100 g).

C_NaOH - 405; С_гк - 97; С_фк - 308; соотношение подвижных С_гк: С_фк - 0.32.The obvious advantages of the proposed composition compared to the known one: increased cation exchange capacity, higher content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen, can improve its quality characteristics and increase the yield of agricultural crops. Field tests of the effectiveness of the obtained fertilizer were carried out on ordinary chernozem with the initial content in it (mg C / 100 g): C _gum - 3934;

C _NaOH - 405; With _gk - 97; With _fc - 308; the ratio of mobile C _gc : C _fc is 0.32.

The obtained fertilizers were applied to the soil in the spring immediately before sowing corn in the same dose as the prototype - 150 t / ha. The research results showed that the fertilizer obtained using expanded vermiculite according to the proposed method provides an increase in the yield of corn by 9.7 times, while fertilizer based on the composition of the prototype increases the yield of corn by only 5.7 times in comparison with the non-fertilized version - control (table .2).

Studies have shown that fertilizer obtained using expanded vermiculite (the proposed composition) was 1.7 times more effective than the prototype (known composition).

table 2 Options The structure of the corn crop, g / m ² Total phytomass, g / m ² stalks leaves cobs 1. Soil (P) - without fertilizers 122 263 167 552 2. P + Aspen bark + NP + 10% zeolite - 150 t / ha (known) 1007 866 1246 3119 3. P + Aspen bark + NP + 10% expanded vermiculite - 150 t / ha (proposed) 1761 1473 2125 5359

When the expanded vermiculite is introduced into the soil in the composition of the proposed fertilizer, due to its porous layered structure, a more optimal air-humidity regime is created in it compared to a fertilizer containing zeolite according to the prototype. Expanded vermiculite, which is part of the proposed fertilizer, by virtue of its unique sorption ability, retains moisture and fertilizers, giving them gradually to plants, thereby increasing their duration, creating favorable conditions for feeding the root system of agricultural crops. This contributed to a significant increase in plant productivity compared to the known method. In addition, the invention allows the simultaneous disposal of large-tonnage waste from the forest industry, thereby improving the environmental situation; to increase the amount of fertilizer resources that our agricultural production is in dire need of (the annual need for organic fertilizers in the Russian Federation is 1.5-1.7 billion tons, and only 30% of the demand is paid); return organic matter to the biological cycle in nature.

Claims (2)

1. The composition for the production of organic fertilizers, consisting of crushed aspen bark with mineral additives, characterized in that it additionally contains expanded vermiculite in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Aspen Bark with Mineral Fertilizers 90 Expanded Vermiculite 10 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of aspen bark with mineral additives and expanded vermiculite is composted under aerobic conditions for 2-3 months.