RU2283258C2 - Dismountable kayak - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: boat building.

SUBSTANCE: proposed dismountable kayak is intended for recreation and sports. Kayak has hull made from flexible envelope of bi-curvature outline which forms bottom, sides and deck; this envelope is stowed in roll after dismantling. Hull is provided with cut-outs in fore and aft extremities in deck and in upper parts of sides. These cut-outs are closed with external casings fastened together and with internal plugs. Longitudinal joint of hull on deck is sealed-up by three-slot clamps. Kayak is provided with rigid dismountable coaming. Center part of kayak is strengthened with foldable bottom ceiling with hinged sides which form frames and stringers and fasten bottom ceiling and coaming.

EFFECT: reduction of deformation and rolling force in rolling the kayak envelope; enhanced reliability and watertightness.

11 cl, 17 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Collapsible small vessels used for recreation on water, playing sports and as means of transport.

State of the art

Known collapsible kayak containing a housing of a flexible thin-walled shell of double curvature (USSR copyright certificate No. 821284). Opposite edges of the sheath are connected to each other in the bow and stern of the kayak lap deck, forming two longitudinal seams. In the middle part, these edges diverge, forming a cockpit. The holes of relatively small diameter remaining in the bow and stern ends of the shell are tightly closed by streamlined plugs. This design allows you to create a streamlined body that does not have cuts and joints below the waterline, which increases the reliability of the design. After disassembling the kayak, the shell is rolled up. In this case, deformation is limited by a uniformly distributed, smooth (without creasing) bending. Stretching or contraction of the shell sections is absent. This allows you to use a homogeneous, without flexible inserts, elastic material for the manufacture of the shell, which simplifies the design and increases the strength and rigidity of the body.

However, the known design has several disadvantages. Since the shell has a conical shape near the extremities, the radius of curvature of its cross section decreases with approach to the bow or stern. Due to the presence of sections with a small radius of curvature, deformations and forces increase when the shell is rolled up. A simple increase in the radius of the shell at its bow or stern section is undesirable, since this increases the distance from the deck to the very bottom edge of the shell, which in this case is approximately equal to twice the radius of curvature. With a low side height typical of kayaks, an increase in radius will lower the edge of the shell below the waterline, which will increase the requirements for joint tightness and reduce the reliability of the structure.

To fix the longitudinal joint, several separate fasteners and eyebolts with overlays were used in the design, which slows down assembly and disassembly and does not ensure the tightness of the seam. An inflatable bulwark around the cockpit does not sufficiently rigidly fix the edge of the shell, which reduces the overall strength of the hull.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A prototype of the invention is the collapsible kayak described above. The main objective of the invention is to reduce deformation and effort when folding the kayak body into a roll, and in addition, increasing reliability during operation, accelerating assembly and disassembly and increasing the strength of the kayak when assembled.

Like the prototype, the kayak body, including the bottom, sides and deck, is made in the form of a flexible thin-walled shell of double curvature. To achieve the main objective of the invention, near the bow and stern ends of the hull in the deck and the upper part of the sides are cuts that are closed when assembling the kayak in any way (for example, as in the prototype, using plugs). At the same time, the area of shell sections with large curvature decreases without decreasing the minimum height of its edge above the waterline. This allows you to reduce deformation and force when folding the body into a roll.

In addition, the presence of such cuts allows the shell sections located below these cuts and forming protrusions directed from the center towards the bow or stern to be shaped so that when moving from the base of the protrusion to the top, the curvature of the shell does not noticeably increase, and the edge height does not decrease .

Thus, due to the removal of the deck and the upper part of the sides near the ends of the kayak, as well as by increasing the minimum radius of curvature of the shell, it is possible to reduce the deformation and force when folding the body into a roll, while maintaining a sufficient height of the edge of the shell above the waterline, which eliminates the possibility of leakage water inside the kayak and thereby ensures its reliability.

As indicated above, in the prototype, the distance from the deck to the lowest edge of the shell is approximately equal to its doubled minimum radius of curvature. The proposed changes reduce this ratio by half. That is, the distance from the deck to the edge of the shell does not exceed its minimum radius of curvature. Thus, with a fixed height of the shell edge above the waterline, it is possible to reduce the maximum curvature of the shell by half, which will significantly reduce the deformation and force when it is rolled up.

In order to improve the tightness of the hull, it is proposed to close the bow and / or stern neckline, using units consisting of an outer casing and an inner tube tightly tightened together. The cork and casing are pulled together by a single screw tie, while clamping the edges of the casing between them. An additional clamp is provided by the grooves in the plug and the protrusions included in them during assembly on the inner surface of the casing.

Since the body of the kayak in the bow and in the stern has rounded contours, to improve its hydrodynamic quality, the casings have protrusions extending downward and forming a stem (stern).

For fastening and sealing the longitudinal joints of the shell passing through the center of the deck, three-slotted clamps of the following design were used. Each clamp consists of a housing, the length of which is equal to the length of the joint, and two expanders. Three longitudinal grooves are made in the clamp case: the edges of the shell equipped with shoulders are inserted into two lateral grooves, and expanders are located in the central groove. The expanders have such a shape that when they are displaced in the central groove, it expands due to the elastic deformation of the clamp body. In this case, the two working grooves narrow, clamping the edges of the shell. This ensures the integrity of the joint along the entire length. In addition, the clamps, due to their rigidity and length, increase the overall strength of the kayak.

To accelerate the assembly, it is provided that the expansion of the extenders for sealing the joint occurs automatically when the clamp is connected to adjacent parts of the kayak. So, in particular, the aforementioned screw coupler passes from the casing through the hole in the plug and connects to the expander. Therefore, when the casing and the cork are pulled together, the expander is shifted and the longitudinal joint of the casing is densified.

Since the shoulder at the edges of the shell along the longitudinal joint can make it difficult to roll, it is possible to make a shoulder with a periodic profile, for example, of variable height or with corrugations.

Kayak coaming is made collapsible with quick-disconnect connections of its parts to each other, with a shell and with three-slot clamps. When coaming is connected to the clamps, their expanders are also automatically displaced and longitudinal joints are densified.

To strengthen the bottom in the middle of the kayak, a hard floor was used, consisting of the central part and the retractable bow and stern parts. Two hinged sidewalls are pivotally attached to the central part of the floor. Each sidewall consists of two curved pillars and two jumpers between them. In the extended state, the racks form the side branches of the frames and are connected to the coaming with their upper ends. The lower jumper extends the floor, and the upper performs the function of a stringer, strengthening the inside of the board. Joined together, flooring, sidewalls and coamings form a spatial framework providing strength and rigidity of the kayak in the most loaded central part.

After disassembling the kayak, the bow and aft parts of the floor slide into the central part, a body rolled into a roll is laid on it and fixed with folded sidewalls. Cases, plugs and parts of the disassembled coaming are placed inside the roll.

All large parts of a kayak (in particular, the body) can be made of thermoplastic polymeric materials by known high-performance methods.

In order to reduce weight and create an emergency margin of buoyancy, volume parts of a kayak (for example, traffic jams) can be made thin-walled with porous filler.

List of drawings

Figure 1. Kayak assembled.

Figure 2. Shell in the shape of a kayak body.

Figure 3. A shell in a free (undeformed) state.

Figure 4. The shell is rolled up.

Figure 5. The nasal tip of the body (side view).

6. The nasal tip of the body (front view).

7. The nasal tip of the kayak (side view, section along the diametrical plane).

Fig. 8. Nasal plug (inverted).

Fig.9. Nasal casing (upside down).

Figure 10. Three-slot clamp (longitudinal section along the axis of the expander).

11. Three-slot clamp (side view).

Fig. 12. Three-slot clamp (cross section).

Fig.13. Flanges at the edges of the longitudinal joint of the shell (corrugated version).

Fig.14. Coaming.

Fig.15. Fragment of coaming (increased).

Fig.16. Payol with sidewalls in working condition.

Fig.17. Payol with sidewalls and a rolled body in the folded state.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

Figure 1 shows the assembled kayak. Its main detail is a flexible thin-walled shell of double curvature (1). In the composition of the kayak, this shell is fixed in a curved state (figure 2) and forms its body, including the bottom, sides and deck. The free form of the undeformed shell, originally attached to it during manufacture, is shown in FIG. 3. From this initial state, the shell can also be rolled up (FIG. 4).

In the middle of the deck of the hull there is a cut, the edges of which are provided with collars. Since a continuous collar at the edges of the longitudinal joint of the shell with increased rigidity of the material can make it difficult to roll, it is possible to make a collar with a periodic profile, for example, of variable height or with corrugations (Fig. 13).

Near the extremities, the upper part of the shell is cut off (figure 2), which facilitates the folding of the body into a roll by reducing the area of areas with large curvature. In addition, the presence of such cuts allows sections of the shell located below these cuts to give the shape shown in figure 5, 6 using sections A ... G. As can be seen from the drawing, when approaching the bow (or feed for the aft tip), starting from section B, passing through the point closest to the middle of the kayak on the cut line, the curvature of the lower part of the shell remains approximately the same. The lowest point of the edge of the shell is near the beginning of the cut (section C). The distance from the top of the deck to the edge of the shell at this point is approximately equal to its radius of curvature, which, due to the constancy of curvature in all sections of the tip, is also the minimum radius of curvature. Thus, the distance from the deck to the edge of the shell does not exceed its minimum radius of curvature.

In order to close the cutouts in the extremities, nodes consisting of an outer casing (2) and an inner tube (9) were used (Fig. 7). On the casing there is a clamping screw (7) with an enlarged diameter head with large grips for convenient hand tightening without the use of any tool. Passing through the hole in the plug (9), the screw (7) is screwed onto the protruding end of the expander (8) of the three-slot clamp (3) with its threaded part. On the inner surface of the casing there are protrusions (11) (Fig. 9), which are inserted during assembly into the grooves (10) on the cork (Fig. 8), as well as a protrusion (17) on a three-slot clamp, which enters the groove (12) on the casing.

Since the body of the kayak in the bow and in the stern has rounded contours, to improve its hydrodynamic quality, the casing has a protrusion (13) that extends downward and forms a stem (stern shaft).

For fastening and sealing the longitudinal joints of the shell, passing through the center of the deck, used three-slotted clamps (Fig.10-12). Each clamp has a housing (3) with three longitudinal grooves - a central and two side grooves. The dimensions of the side grooves allow you to freely insert into them the edges of the shell, equipped with shoulders. The extreme position of the shoulders in the grooves is determined by the limiter (18). In the central groove are two expanders (8 and 15). On the side surfaces of the expanders there are wedge-shaped protrusions located periodically along their entire length (figure 10). The expanders can mix along the axis of the clamp to a distance limited by the extreme positions of the pins (14 and 16) in the short side slots. Under the influence of existing springs, the expanders are in the initial state in the position as close to the middle of the clamp. In this case, the projections of the expanders enter the corresponding depressions in the clamp housing, and the housing is in an undeformed state.

Kayak coaming (Fig. 14) consists of four parts: fore, two side and aft, fastened together by clamps (21). In addition to the coaming itself, the node also forms part of the surface of the kayak deck. This allows, firstly, to strengthen its central part and, secondly, to reduce the width of the roll into which the body is folded after disassembly. A groove (23) runs along the coaming perimeter, into which the edge of the body enters during assembly. The lateral parts of the coaming are fastened to the housing with push-button latches (20), which enter the holes on it. The bow and stern of the coaming are equipped with latches with hooks (22) (Fig. 15) for connection with three-slot clamps. Brackets (19) are located on the lower surface of the side parts of the coaming for fixing the upper ends of the folding sides.

To strengthen the bottom in the middle of the kayak, a hard floor was used, consisting of the central part (25) and retractable bow (24) and stern (26) parts. Two hinged sidewalls (27) are pivotally attached to the central part. Each sidewall consists of two curved pillars and two jumpers between them. In the extended state, the racks form the side branches of the frames and, with their upper ends, are connected to the coaming arms (19). The lower jumper extends the floor, and the upper performs the function of a stringer, strengthening the inside of the board. Joined together, flooring, sidewalls and coamings form a spatial framework providing strength and rigidity of the kayak in the most loaded central part.

Kayak assembly procedure

In the middle of the shell, which is in a free undeformed state (Fig. 3), a floor (25) with extended parts (24 and 26) and sidewalls (27) folded to the center is placed. Also, plugs are placed inside the shell near the bow and stern extremities (9).

Next, the shell is bent so as to bring the edges of one of the two longitudinal joints (bow or stern) closer together. At the ends of the flanges closest to the center, a three-slot clamp is put on and moves further along the joint. Since the lateral grooves of the clamp in its initial state are maximally expanded, this advancement is carried out freely up to the stop of the ends of the beads in the limiter (18). Immediately before this, the plug (9) is installed in such a position that the protruding threaded end of the expander (8) gets into its through hole.

Then, a casing (2) with a screw (7) is put on the tip of the body. The screw (7) in this case passes through the hole in the shell, the hole in the plug and is screwed onto the threaded end of the expander (8). With further tightening of the screw (7), the casing is pressed against the plug and at the same time the expander (8) is shifted. When the expander is displaced, its protrusions emerge from the depressions on the body, the central groove expands, and the side grooves narrow, clamping the edges of the shell with the shoulders. Thus, at the same time, the cutout at the tip and the adjacent half of the longitudinal seam are hermetically sealed. An additional clamp of the casing to the housing is provided by the protrusions (11) (Fig. 9) included in the grooves (10) on the cork (Fig. 8), as well as the protrusion (17) on the three-slot clamp, which enters the groove (12) on the casing.

In a similar way, a three-slot clamp, a cork and a casing are fixed on the opposite half of the kayak.

Next, the side parts of the coaming are attached. With a groove (23) they are put on the edge of the shell and are fixed with push-button clamps (20). Between the lateral parts, the bow and stern parts are inserted and fixed with clamps (21). Then, the latches with hooks (22), the coaming is connected to the three-slot clamps. The hook clings to the protruding ends of the pin (16) and biases the expander (15). In this case, as described above, there is also a seal of the longitudinal seam.

Then the floor is fastened with coaming. To do this, its sidewalls are moved apart and connected with their upper ends to the brackets (19).

Disassembly of the kayak occurs in the reverse order. After disassembling, the bow and stern parts of the flooring slide into the central part, a body rolled into a roll is laid on it and fixed by folded sides (Fig. 17). Cases, plugs and parts of the disassembled coaming are placed inside the roll.

Claims (11)

1. A collapsible kayak, the hull of which, including the bottom, sides and deck, is made in the form of a flexible shell of double curvature, which is folded after disassembling the kayak into a roll, characterized in that, in order to reduce deformation and effort when folding, in the bow and stern the ends of the shell in the deck and the upper part of the sides are cutouts that are closed during assembly of the kayak. 2. Collapsible kayak according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the tightness of the hull, the bow and / or stern neckline is closed tightly tightened between themselves by the outer casing and the inner plug. 3. The collapsible kayak according to claim 2, characterized in that, in order to speed up and simplify assembly and disassembly, the outer casing and inner tube are fastened with one screw and additionally fixed with protrusions on the casing included in the grooves in the tube. 4. A collapsible kayak according to claim 2, characterized in that, in order to improve the streamlining of the hull, the outer casing is equipped with a stem and / or an after shaft. 5. The collapsible kayak according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the rigidity and tightness of the housing, simplify assembly and disassembly, the edges of the shell are interconnected by a three-slot clamp, consisting of a housing with three longitudinal grooves and two expanders, with the displacement of which in the central groove, it expands, and two side grooves are compressed and fix the edges of the shell, equipped with collars. 6. Collapsible kayak according to claim 5, characterized in that, in order to reduce the effort when folding the shell into a roll, the bead at the edges of the shell has a periodic profile (for example, corrugated). 7. Collapsible kayak according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a hard collapsible coaming. 8. A collapsible kayak according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a rigid floor consisting of a central part and a retractable bow and stern. 9. A collapsible kayak according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that two folding sidewalls are attached to the floor, which expand the floor in the extended state and connect it to the coaming. 10. A collapsible kayak according to claim 9, characterized in that the sidewalls in the extended state form frames and stringers. 11. A collapsible kayak according to claim 9, characterized in that after disassembling the rolled-up body is laid on the floor and fixed with folded sidewalls.

Images