RU2282739C1 - Piston sealing for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: lower compression ring and upper stepped resilient split ring are fitted in piston groove. Split ring is in contact by outer diameter with cylinder wall. Clearance is provided between step in recess made on upper flange of piston groove and ring step. Rings are arranged with locks spaced at 180° relative to each other. Resilient sealing rings are installed over surface of inner diameters of compression ring and stepped ring. Locks of sealing rings are spaced at 90° relative to locks of compression ring and stepped ring, respectively, and at 180° relative to each other.

EFFECT: increased effective power output, engine service life, no adverse effect on environment.

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Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, and specifically to the design, manufacture and operation of internal combustion engines.

Known piston seals of internal combustion engines, consisting of individual elements installed in one piston groove (Italian patent No. 534645, N. class V a, publ. 1955; application No. 51-38005, Japan, 1976; application No. 20022874, United Kingdom , 1979; patent No. 200222146, RF, 1991).

A piston seal for an internal combustion engine is known, comprising a lower compression ring and an upper step elastic split ring arranged in one piston groove so that the upper step ring with an outer diameter touches the cylinder wall and between the protrusion in the recess made on the upper flange of the piston groove, and the step of the ring provides a gap, and the upper step ring is set by a cut of the lock at 180 ° with respect to the cut of the lock of the lower ring (patent No. 2243396, RU, 2004, Bull. No. 36).

The prototype has a significant drawback, namely, that the working gases through the free part of the gap in the lock of the stepped ring break into the bottom cavity of the piston groove, and from there through the gap in the lock of the lower compression ring they penetrate further into the crankcase. There is a leak of working gases, which reduces compression and engine power, worsens its technical, economic and environmental characteristics.

The invention solves the problem of increasing engine efficiency, its effective power and resource, reducing specific fuel consumption, harmful and polluting impurities in exhaust gases.

The piston seal for the internal combustion engine contains a lower compression ring and an upper step elastic split ring located in one piston groove so that the upper step ring with an outer diameter touches the cylinder wall and between the protrusion in the recess made on the upper shelf of the piston groove and the ring step a gap is provided, and the upper step ring is set by a cut of the lock at 180 ° with respect to the cut of the lock of the lower compression ring, on the surfaces of the internal Diameter stepwise and compression rings mounted resilient split sealing ring locks slits arranged at 90 ° with respect to the stepped sections lock and compression rings, respectively, and under 180 ° relative to each other.

A part of the working gases that burst into the bottom cavity of the piston groove acts on the expansion of the sealing rings, increasing the clamping forces of the rings to the surfaces of the inner diameters of the stepped and compression rings, reliably blocking the vertical gaps in the locks of the sealing rings, eliminating the possibility of leakage of working gases from the cylinder. Moreover, the sealing rings, depending on the diameter of the cylinder, can be made both in the form of elastic split thin-walled rings, and in the form of a final tape of elastic material embedded in the piston groove under the stepped and compression rings, respectively. Moreover, the length of the tape should be equal to the length of the inner circumference of the sealing ring, taking into account the allowance for thermodynamic deformation.

In compression rings of a sufficiently high height (medium and powerful diesel engines, marine engines and other power plants), it is advisable to make a groove in the inner diameter for installing the sealing ring. Moreover, in the region of the lock of the sealing ring, there are no beads, and the sealing ring in this place has a broadening that completely covers the gap of the lock of the sealing ring and serves as a fixing element, ensuring the constancy of the angular position of the sealing ring relative to the sealing ring.

The use of o-rings virtually eliminates the leakage of working gases from the cylinder cavity, approximating the value of the efficiency of the piston seal to unity, providing a more complete operation of the working pressure. A significant reduction in gas-dynamic losses leads to an increase in compression and engine power, a decrease in specific fuel consumption and an improvement in the environmental performance of the engine.

The drawing shows a partial section of an internal combustion engine.

The internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder 1, a piston 2, a stepped ring 3, a piston groove 4, an o-ring 5, a compression ring 6 and an o-ring 7.

The piston seal operates as follows.

When moving the piston 2 to the upper position, on the “compression” stroke, the compressed air in the gap between the cylinder 1 and the piston 2 can penetrate through the uncovered upper part of the gap in the lock of the stepped ring 3 into the bottom cavity of the piston groove 4. Increasing air pressure in the bottom cavity the piston groove 4 acts on the expansion of the sealing rings 5 and 7, pressing them to the surfaces of the inner diameters of the stepped ring 3 and the compression ring 6, respectively. O-rings close the vertical gaps in the locks of the compression ring 6 and the stepped ring 3, thereby eliminating the possibility of leakage of compressible air from the cylinder.

When moving the piston 2 to the lower position on the "stroke" stroke, the pressure of the working gases continues to burst the sealing rings 5 and 7, pressing them to the surfaces of the inner diameters of the compression ring 6 and the stepped ring 3, providing a reliable seal between the piston 2 and cylinder 1, contributing to more full operation pressure.

When moving the piston 2 at the “exhaust” and “suction” strokes, the O-rings 5 and 7 are pressed against the surfaces of the inner diameters of the compression ring 6 and the stepped ring 3 by their own elastic forces, blocking the vertical gaps in the ring locks and ensuring the exhaust exhaust of the fuel-air mixture and exhaust estimated amount of clean air.

The developed piston seal is simple in design and technologically advanced in production, which will significantly increase the efficiency of the seal between the piston and the cylinder, increase compression and engine power, its service life, and improve the technical, economic and environmental characteristics of the engine.

Claims (1)

A piston seal for an internal combustion engine comprising a lower compression ring and an upper step elastic split ring arranged in one piston groove so that the upper step ring with an outer diameter touches the cylinder wall and between the protrusion in the recess made on the upper flange of the piston groove and the step rings, a gap is provided, and the upper step ring is set by a cut of the lock at 180 ° with respect to the cut of the lock of the lower ring, characterized in that on the surfaces of the inside For the early diameters of the stepped and compression rings, elastic split sealing rings are installed, with cuts of locks located at 90 ° with respect to the cuts of the stepped and compression rings, respectively, and at 180 ° with respect to each other.