RU2282260C2 - High-pressure vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices functioning under high pressure.

SUBSTANCE: proposed high-pressure vessel has body, bottoms, internal sealing shell, transversal and longitudinal force-bearing members, and jointing members. Transversal force-bearing members of body and bottoms are made of plates provided with coordinate holes and assembled through layer-by-layer shifted joint into stacks in the form of closed loops. Longitudinal force-bearing members are made in the form of rods mounted in through channels formed by coordinate holes to brace abutting stacks of body and bottoms together. Stepped transition points between stacks are filled with shaped split inserts furnished with fastening seats and joined together with stacks by means of rods.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability and facilitated assembly of vessel.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction of a large-sized thick-walled vessel operating under high pressure, and can be used in the nuclear industry as reactor pressure vessels, nuclear reactor containment domes, and containers for radioactive materials; in the energy industry as the bodies of high-pressure boilers for the production of thermal and electric energy using the energy of an explosion of nuclear charges and utilized ammunition; in chemical and other industries as technological tanks for highly toxic, fire hazardous and explosive atmospheres.

A reinforced concrete vessel is known (RU No. 2000835 B 01 J 3/04, publ. 10/15/1993) [1], the casing of which is made of solid reinforced cement with a high content of reinforcement and is equipped with a protective jacket located inside it.

Widespread metal pressure vessels.

A known pressure vessel (AS USSR No. 808768, F 17 C 1/00, publ. 02.28.1981) [2] containing the outer and inner cylindrical shells, while the inner shell is made integral with the bottoms and provided with an external thread, on which two parts of the outer shell are screwed onto both sides with an interference fit, equipped with an internal thread and rigidly connected to each other by a weld seam.

Known high pressure vessel (AS USSR No. 638801, F 17 C 1/00, publ. 12/25/1978) [3] containing an inner shell enclosed in a multilayer body, each layer of which is formed by flat ring elements provided with circular outer grooves in which the impregnated fiber (wire) is wound tightly.

A known pressure vessel (AS USSR No. 432915 B 01 J 3/00, publ. 06/25/1974) [4] - a prototype made of welded parts. The vessel body consists of the outer and inner layers, interconnected by an intermediate layer of metal welding electrode, fused over the entire contact surface with the walls of adjacent parts. The inner layer consists of shells and bottoms made of sheet metal. The outer layer of this vessel is made in two versions. In the first, the outer layer of the vessel consists of transverse force elements in the form of separate metal rings connected to the inner layer by welding, while the gaps between the rings are filled with cast intermediate metal alloyed with adjacent surfaces. In the second, the outer layer of the vessel consists of longitudinal force elements in the form of metal bars, the longitudinal gaps between which are filled with intermediate metal alloyed with adjacent surfaces.

The main disadvantages of the designs of these vessels are:

- the need for application in the manufacture of labor-intensive foundry and welding technologies;

- the multiplicity of structural elements of complex forms;

- the inability to compensate for the relaxation of stressed elements;

- difficulties in transporting bulky vessels to the installation site;

- complex and time-consuming technologies for the dismantling and disposal of vessels that have fulfilled their service life;

- laborious and technologically complex repair work.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a pressure vessel, provided by a large wall thickness, of unlimited dimensions with the possibility of assembly from the same elements of simple shapes; uncomplicated assembly technology without casting and welding technologies; disassembled transport and any transport to the installation site; technological dismantling or disposal.

The problem is solved in that the pressure vessel containing transverse and longitudinal force elements, an internal sealing shell and connecting elements is provided with a body and bottoms assembled together by packages of plates forming transverse force elements, assembled with layerwise displacements of the joints and provided with coordinate holes, in which longitudinal power elements are installed in the form of rods, some of which are provided with through holes for the coolant flow, each packet being nen a closed loop of the plates of the same size, and the packages abut one another and the planes are tightened common longitudinal strength members. For smooth pairing of the internal surfaces of the body and the bottoms, the places of step transitions between the plate packs are filled with shaped inserts equipped with sockets for fixing longitudinal force elements in them.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a thick-walled cylindrical axisymmetric pressure vessel.

Figure 2 shows a cross section of this vessel.

Figure 3 presents on an enlarged scale the node B of a longitudinal section of the vessel of figure 1.

The pressure vessel may be made cylindrical or any other shape.

The plates 1 with the coordinate holes 2 make up the closed contours of the transverse force elements and are layer-wise assembled with the displacement of the joints in packages 3, which form the body and the bottoms of the vessel.

Longitudinal power elements 4, made in the form of rods, tighten the plate with coordinate holes, which form through channels 5 in packages.

The ends of the rods are equipped with fixation and tensioning units 6, for example, in the form of screw-nut pairs, which provide the necessary efforts to compress the plates and packages.

The bottoms of the vessel are assembled from packages of different sizes. In each package plates of one standard size. Packages are adjacent to each other with step transitions. To ensure smooth pairing of the inner walls of the housing and the bottoms in the places of step transitions installed detachable shaped inserts 7.

The inner shell 8 seals the vessel from the inside.

The liners 7 are provided with sockets 9 for fixing the ends of the tightening rods 4 in them.

The design data of the plates 1, the number of rods 4 and the step of the through channels 5 are determined by calculation and depend on the required dimensions of the vessel and internal pressure.

With the aim of thermoregulating the walls of the vessel, part of the rods 4 is made with through holes 10 for the flow of coolant.

The joints 11 of the plates 1 in the next layer are offset relative to the joints of the previous layer.

The bottom of the vessel is equipped with connecting elements 12.

Long rods can be collapsible to improve the manufacturability of assembly, repair and dismantling.

The preload of the rods 4 ensures the integrity and rigidity of the vessel inoperative and guarantees initial contact between its mating elements, and the rods provide compressive stresses and compensate for tensile stresses created by the pressure of the working medium, which increases the strength of the vessel. When the plates 1 are compressed by rods 4, the friction forces between them increase and an additional obstacle to their radial displacement is created. With increasing pressure and temperature of the medium inside the vessel, gaps are selected and reliable contacts of the elements are ensured. The radial forces are received together by the plates 1 (transverse elements) and the rods 4 (longitudinal elements), and the axial forces are absorbed by the rods, the inner shell and the bottoms of the vessel made of plate packs.

The plates in the bags are axially compressed by the rods having the greatest rigidity under axial interference, and operate under tight cut conditions, which increases the shear resistance of the plates and the cut of the rods. Due to this, a comprehensive mechanical connection of the plates, rods and packages of the body and the bottoms of the vessel in the axial and radial directions is ensured and high strength of the vessel is achieved.

Plates forming transverse force elements can be made of sheets of steel, non-ferrous metals and alloys, non-metallic materials by cutting, cutting or stamping. The bags forming the vessel may be composed of sheets of the same material or combinations thereof.

The assembly of a large vessel is carried out directly at the place of operation. Delivery of component parts is carried out by any available transport. Disassembly of the vessel during repair or dismantling is carried out in the reverse order of its assembly.

The dimensions of the vessel of this design are practically unlimited by the conditions and technology of manufacture and transportation, which makes it possible to operate reliable thick-walled vessels of large dimensions and high pressure, mounted with optimal material and labor costs.

Claims (2)

1. A pressure vessel comprising a housing, bottoms, an internal sealing shell, transverse and longitudinal force elements, connecting elements, characterized in that the transverse force elements of the housing and bottoms are made of plates equipped with coordinate holes, assembled with layer-by-layer displacement of joints in packages in closed loops, and the longitudinal power elements are made in the form of rods that are installed in the through channels formed by the coordinate holes, and pull together mutually adjacent packages cases and bottoms, while the places of step transitions between the packages are filled with curly detachable liners, which are equipped with mounting sockets and fastened together with packages using rods. 2. The pressure vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods are equipped with fixation and tension nodes, and some of the rods are made with through holes for the coolant duct.

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