RU2282219C1 - Sensor of device for measuring gravity constant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: geophysics.

SUBSTANCE: sensor comprises source of gravity field and gravitational vibrator. The source is made of the spherical gravitating body that is provided with the concentric spherical space and ring recess along the plane of the large circumference and filled with the agent whose density is less than that of the gravitating body. The gravitational vibrator is mounted at the center of the concentric space and made of a rod provided with two testing bodies. The bearing is mounted at the middle of the rod. The gravitating body is made of a magnetically soft material, and the testing bodies are made of an alloy whose diamagnetic permeability is compensated by the paramagnetic permeability of the admixtures. The sides of the spherical space are covered with the material-alloy of the testing bodies.

EFFECT: enhanced precision.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to instrumentation and can be used to measure the gravitational constant - Gr, the world physical constant included in the law of universal gravitation of I. Newton, as well as a sensitive vibrator with a very long oscillation period for detecting gravitational waves. The device is designed to measure the period of oscillations of the gravitational vibrator, which is then interpolated with the desired parameter - the gravitational constant.

State of the art

Known devices [1-4], which were supposed to be used for gravitational measurements.

The disadvantage of all these devices is the placement of test bodies on the Cavendish balance in an inhomogeneous gravitational field of gravitating bodies, and the slightest displacement of the test body leads to a change in the gravitational force according to a rather complex law. This disadvantage is partially overcome in the device that we have chosen as a prototype [1].

The prototype of the invention is a device [1], in which a massive sphere with a spherical cavity inside is used as the source of the gravitational field, the centers of the massive sphere and cavity being displaced relative to each other, so that the test bodies of the Cavendish pendulum are in a uniform or very close to a uniform gravitational field, which allows to increase the accuracy of measurements.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the need to measure the elastic coefficients of the threads on which the Cavendish scales are suspended, which introduces an additional error in the measured value.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to provide a device for measuring the period of oscillation of a gravitational vibrator, which is then interpolated with the desired parameter-gravitational constant with a greater degree of accuracy compared to existing ones.

The problem is solved using the signs specified in the 1st claim, common with the prototype, such as a sensitive element of the device for measuring the gravitational constant, including the source of the gravitational field and the gravitational vibrator, and distinctive essential features, such as the source is made in the form of gravitational a spheroidal body having a concentric spherical cavity and an annular cut along the plane of a large circle, filled with a substance with a lower density than the density of the rod substance a moving body, and in the center of the concentric cavity there is a gravitational vibrator in the form of a rod with two test bodies, in the middle of the length of which there is a bearing containing an axis perpendicular to the axis of the rod, at the ends of which magnetized balls of a highly coercive magnetic material are fixed and rings of superconducting material are mounted, fixed motionless relative to the gravitating body.

The peculiarity of the implementation of gravitating and test bodies is reflected in paragraph 2 of the claims, namely, the gravitating body is made of soft magnetic material, and the test bodies are made of an alloy whose diamagnetic susceptibility is compensated by the paramagnetic susceptibility of impurities.

The peculiarity of the implementation of the inner wall of the spherical cavity is reflected in paragraph 3 of the formula, namely, the walls of the spherical cavity are coated from an alloy material of test bodies.

The above distinguishing features, individually and all together, are aimed at solving the problem posed - the creation of an instrument for the experimental determination of the gravitational constant with a greater degree of accuracy compared to existing ones and are essential. The use of the proposed combination of significant distinguishing features in the prior art is not found, therefore, the proposed technical solution meets the patentability criterion of "novelty."

A single set of new essential features with common, well-known provides a solution to the problem, is not obvious to specialists in this field of technology and indicates that the claimed technical solution meets the patentability criterion of "inventive step".

Like the prototype [1], a massive sphere with a spherical cavity inside is used as the source of the gravitational field, with the difference that the centers of the massive sphere and the spherical cavity coincide in the proposed device, and an annular cut is made in the massive sphere along the plane of a large circle filled with lower density than the density of the substance from which the massive sphere is made. This leads to the fact that the gravitational field in the cavity has a “potential well” along the common axis, as if a negative mass were placed in the annular cutout. This design feature allows you to place Cavendish scales in the cavity without using elastic threads or springs, i.e. exclude from the measurements the coefficient of their elasticity.

To maintain the central position of the axis of rotation of the Cavendish scales and ensure only one angular degree of freedom, as well as to eliminate fluctuation interference from the electric field, it is proposed to use bearings [5, 6] of the following type: the weighed body is a permanent magnet in the form of a sphere made of samarium-cobalt ferrite , and the thrust system is a ring group of a superconductor. The presence of the bearing allows you to create a stable suspension rocker with a test body, that is, a gravitational vibrator.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The essence of the invention is presented in the following drawings:

Figure 1. Gravity vibrator with a gravitational body having a concentric cavity

Figure 2. The layout of the bearing relative to the belt of "negative mass" in the gravitational vibrator.

The implementation of the invention

The sensitive element of the device for measuring the gravitational constant (figure 1) includes a source of gravitational field and a gravitational vibrator. The source is made in the form of a gravitational spheroidal body 1 (for example, steel), having a concentric spherical cavity 2 and an annular cutout 3 along the plane of a large circle, filled with a substance with a lower density than the density of the substance of a gravitating body, resulting in a "negative mass" belt. In the center of the concentric cavity 2 there is placed a gravitational vibrator (Fig. 2) in the form of a rod 4 with two test bodies 5, in the middle of the length of which there is a bearing 6 containing an axis 7 perpendicular to the axis of the rod 4, at the ends of which are magnetized balls 8 of highly coercive magnetic material and rings 9 are made of superconducting material, fixed motionless relative to the gravitating body 1. The design provides for damping higher harmonic oscillations induction screens around the balls 8, not shown and drawings.

The gravitating body 1 is made of soft magnetic material, and the test bodies 5 are made of an alloy whose diamagnetic susceptibility is compensated by the paramagnetic susceptibility of impurities.

The walls of the spherical cavity 3 have a coating 10 of an alloy material of test bodies.

The device operates as follows. Spherical magnets 8 at the ends of the axis 7 of the vibrator induce induction currents in the superconducting fixed rings 9, creating a stable suspension of the rocker 4 with trial non-magnetic bodies 5, also having a spherical shape. In a single gravitating body 1 with a spherical cavity 2, there is a minimum of potential gravitational energy of the test body 5 of the gravitational dipole and gravitating body 1. The gravitational dipole has its own vibration frequency as a function of the value of the gravitational constant and the amplitude of the angular oscillations. The influence of the elasticity of the thread on the measurement accuracy is excluded. Under the influence of some external disturbance, for example, a push or an initial deviation from the equilibrium position, the gravitational vibrator starts to oscillate, and the moments of its passage through the equilibrium position, that is, through the point of minimum potential energy with very low attenuation in vacuum, are recorded. Since the field of the gravitational belt of negative mass can be accurately calculated, the gravitational constant Gr will always appear in the calculation of the time intervals between individual passes through the equilibrium position. The oscillation period of the gravitational dipole can be up to ten hours, and time can be measured with an accuracy of 10 ^-4 -10 ^-5 sec using simple instruments, so the gravitational vibrator can serve as a device for measuring the gravitational constant with greater accuracy than has been done so far . Another possible application of the gravitational vibrator is its use as a sensitive element for the detection of gravitational waves due to the large intrinsic period of oscillations and a small damping decrement.

The advantage of the design is the significantly higher energy of natural vibrations and the uniformity of the gravitational interaction field in the eccentric cavity 2.

In this device, it is proposed to implement a number of measures to reduce the influence of various factors on the accuracy of measurements. The first thing to do is to reduce the influence of the magnetic field. To achieve this goal, the gravitating body 1 is made of soft magnetic material that shields the cavity 2, and the test body 5 is made of diamagnetic by a known method.

The influence of the electric field, which can be caused [7] by the contact potential difference between the material of the cavity 2 and the gravitating body 1 and the test bodies 5, can be reduced by creating identical coatings on the surface of the cavity 2 and the test body 5 and periodically shorting them to each other through relay plates.

The results of the software calculation of the proposed device are summarized in the table:

No. p / p Value Value Dimension one The radius of the gravitating body 1,2 The radius of a spherical cavity in a gravitating body 1,0 m 2 The gap between them 0.1 m 3 The total mass of the gravitating body 1081 kg four "Negative mass" of the rim -53.9 kg 5 The mass of test bodies 0.1 kg 6 Maximum vibrator energy 1.19 · 10 ^-9 J 7 Vibrator fluctuation energy for Debye 5.810 ^-22 J 8 Vibrator vibration period 25528.9 sec 7,091 hour 9 Possible measurement accuracy 0,00039 % 10 Increased accuracy compared to modern: 3.6 times.

The satellite design, on which it is proposed to install the above-described device, should ensure the isothermal temperature of the device’s space at the temperature of liquid nitrogen.

INFORMATION SOURCES.

1. V.N. Rybin and A.E. Sinelnikov. "The method of verification of gravitational devices and a device for its implementation." IPC G 01 V 7/00, No. 175 6844 A1, 03/11/90.

2. C. Will. "Theory and experiment in gravitational physics." - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1985, 292.

3. Kosinov N.V. "Constant bases of physical and cosmological theories." Physical vacuum and nature. No. 5, 2002, p. 69-103, http: //rusnauka.narod kosinov-n / 13 /.

4. A.S. USSR No. 1083795, IPC G 01 V 7/02. V.A. Charkin and F.F. Mende. "GRAVIMETER", 07.07.86. Bull.No 25.

5. WO 2004020942, G 01 V 7/00. Barrot Francois. Moser Roland. Sandner Jan "DIAMAGNETIC LEVITATION SYSTEM" 2004-03-11.

6. Pat. US4935883 Hulsing || Rand H (US) "Apparatus und method for leveling a gravity measurement device." G 01 V 7/00, 1990-06-19.

7. V.B. Braginsky, A.B. Manukin. "Measurement of small forces in physical experiments." M .: "SCIENCE", 1974, 152 p.

Claims (3)

1. A sensitive element of a device for measuring the gravitational constant, including a source of gravitational field and a gravitational vibrator, characterized in that the source is made in the form of a gravitating spheroidal body having a concentric spherical cavity and an annular cut along the plane of a large circle filled with a substance with a lower density than density gravitating body, and in the center of the concentric cavity there is a gravitational vibrator in the form of a rod with two test bodies, in the middle of the length of which is placed The bearings having an axis perpendicular to the axis of the rod, the ends of which are fixed magnetized balls made of high-coercivity magnetic resin and fitted ring of superconducting material mounted fixedly relative to the gravitating body. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gravitating body is made of magnetically soft material, and the test bodies are made of an alloy whose diamagnetic susceptibility is compensated by the paramagnetic susceptibility of impurities. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the walls of the spherical cavity have a coating of an alloy material of test bodies.

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