RU2281810C1 - Pneumatic flotation machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: minerals concentration equipment employed in processing of mineral crude materials containing ferrous and non-ferrous, rare and precious metals, and also non-metal minerals, and equipment for purifying sewage waters from suspended substances, fats, oils and petroleum products.

SUBSTANCE: flotation machine has separation chamber, reactor made in the form of central tube, to upper part of which tube pulp feeding device and aerator are attached. At least two descending pipes are attached to lower part of central tube so as to form uniform descending flows in said descending pipes. V-shaped pipe is connected with its one bend to lower part of each of descending pipes. Other bend of descending pipe with diffuser secured thereto is disposed in separation chamber. Discharge apertures of diffuser are facing each other so as to produce aeration flocks within separation chamber. Froth settler is mounted on upper part of separation chamber, and froth trough is disposed on froth settler for collecting concentrated product. Tailings discharge device is fixed to lower part of separation chamber.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in flotation, improved quality of concentrate, increased extent of purifying sewage water from contaminants, reduced time and increased flotation velocity.

9 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a mineral processing technique used in the processing of mineral raw materials containing non-ferrous, ferrous, rare, precious metals and non-metallic minerals, as well as to a technique used to treat wastewater from suspended solids, fats, oils and oil products.

Known pneumatic flotation machine, including a chamber made in the form of a cylindrical shell, equipped with three concentrically arranged cylindrical cavities. In the first upper working cavity acting as a reactor, particles are fixed on air bubbles in the upward flow, in the second deaeration cavity acting as a separator, separation of the loaded bubbles from the chamber product in the downward flow takes place. The aerated pulp from the aerator / SU 1676663, MKI B 03 D 1/14, B.I., enters the lower working cavity, which is connected to the upper cavity. No. 34, publ. 09/15/91 /.

The disadvantage of this machine is its low flotation rates, due to the withdrawal of the chamber product directly from under the foam layer, from which initially flotted particles are scattered into the tails.

Known pneumatic flotation machine, including a cylinder-conical chamber, a reactor in which the formation of bubbles, power and direct interaction of the bubbles with particles / US Patent No. 4938865, MKI B 03 D 1/24, publ. 07/03/90 /.

The disadvantage of this machine is the lack of a special device for organizing the process of coalescence of bubbles, which leads to insufficiently high flotation rates.

Closest to the proposed design is a pneumatic flotation machine, including a separation chamber, a reactor having a device for feeding pulp into it and an aerator, as well as an aerated pulp flow distributor installed in the separation chamber under the reactor, made in the form of a cover with holes and a bottom, a foam gutter , unloading device for tails / Patent EP No. 0514800, MKI B 03 D 1/24, publ. 07/31/96 /.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the destruction of particle-bubble aggregates upon impact of a jet exiting the reactor about the bottom of the aerated pulp flow distributor and clogging of the distributor cap openings, which leads to a decrease in flotation performance.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase flotation performance.

The technical result achieved in the invention is to increase the efficiency of flotation, the quality of the concentrate and the degree of wastewater treatment from pollution, reducing time and increasing the speed of flotation.

The specified technical result is achieved as follows.

The pneumatic flotation machine includes a separation chamber, as well as a reactor. The reactor is made in the form of a central pipe, to the upper part of which a device for feeding pulp and an aerator are connected. At least two downward pipes are connected to the lower part of the central pipe with the possibility of the formation of uniform downward flows in them. A V-shaped pipe is connected to the bottom of each of the descending pipes by one elbow. The second elbow of the downward pipe with a diffuser fixed on it is located in the separation chamber. In this case, the outlet openings of the diffusers are directed relative to each other with the possibility of formation of aeroflocles in the separation chamber.

On the upper part of the separation chamber there is a foam settler on which a foam trough is located to collect the enriched product. Attached to the bottom of the separation chamber is a tailing tackle.

In addition, the separation chamber is made of upper and lower conical shells, between which a cylindrical shell is located.

Foam sump installed on the upper conical shell of the separation chamber.

Downward pipes are connected to the central pipe using tees.

Downstream pipes are also located outside the separation chamber.

Downward pipes are connected to the tees with the possibility of changing the angle between them.

The ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the central pipe, downward pipes, elbows of the V-shaped pipe and the diffuser are different.

V-shaped pipe is made with the possibility of adjusting the angle between its elbows.

In addition, the diffuser has a different opening angle.

The implementation of the reactor by the proposed method makes it possible the absence of a special distributor of aerated pulp flow, provides for the regulation of the process of formation of aeroflocs and uniform distribution of bubbles throughout the chamber, determines the direction of the aerated pulp.

When a three-phase pulp moves in a V-shaped tube of the reactor, the flow rotates upward, which leads to a decrease in the forces of separation of particles from the bubbles, since it eliminates the impact of loaded bubbles on the flow distributor. As a result, for the three main processes of flotation — fixing particles to bubbles, enlarging mineralized bubbles into aeroflocules, separating aeroflocs from the pulp — optimal hydrodynamic regimes of movement of three-phase flows are created, which ensures an increase in flotation indices.

The implementation of the separation chamber from the upper and lower conical shells, between which a cylindrical shell is located, allows you to create the optimal space for pulp flows: conical shells allow you to concentrate the foam and chamber product flows by narrowing the space, and the volume of the cylindrical shell allows you to spatially separate these flows.

An increase in the secondary concentration and a decrease in the water content in the foam layer can be achieved by supplying the machine with a sump installed on the upper conical shell of the separation chamber, which leads to an increase in the time of foam formation.

The implementation of the reactor with a different ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the central pipe, the downward pipe, the elbows of the V-shaped pipe and the diffuser allows you to change the ratio of the speeds of the processes of fixing particles on the bubbles and the process of coalescence of bubbles.

Regulation of the angle between the elbows of the V-shaped tube allows optimizing the process of formation of aeroflocs by changing the angle of intersection of the outgoing jets from the diffusers.

Changing the opening angle of the diffuser allows you to optimize the process of formation of aeroflocles by adjusting the flow rate of a three-phase flow.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a General view of a pneumatic flotation machine, the reactor of which has two descending pipes, and Fig.2 shows a General view of a pneumatic flotation machine, the reactor of which has four descending pipes.

Pneumatic flotation machine includes (figure 1, 2): aerator 1, a central pipe 2, tees 3 and descending pipes 4 and 5 located outside the separation chamber. V-shaped pipes 6 and 7 with diffusers 8 and 9 are attached to the lower ends of the pipes 4 and 5. The separation chamber is made of an upper conical shell 10, a cylindrical shell 11 and a lower conical shell 12.

V-shaped pipes 6 and 7 with diffusers 8 and 9 are introduced into the separation chamber through the lower conical shell 12. The outlet openings of the diffusers are directed in such a way that, when the outgoing jets from the diffusers intersect, airflow units are formed. Foam sump 13 is attached to the upper conical shell 10 of the separation chamber. A foam chute 14 is installed in the upper part of the separation chamber. A cone 15 is located above the foam chute 14 to control the output of the foam product.

Pneumatic flotation machine operates as follows.

The initial pulp treated with the reagents passes through an aerator 1 into which air under pressure enters or is sucked in by itself. The mixture of air and pulp passes through the central pipe 2 and tees 3, in which the flow is evenly distributed into parts, each of which enters downstream pipes 4 and 5 located outside the separation chamber, ending with V-shaped pipes 6 and 7 with diffusers 8 and 9. Of the two directed toward the pipes 6 and 7 with diffusers 8 and 9, streams in the form of jets at low speed interact with the formation of aeroflocs.

The formation of bubbles and the direct interaction of bubbles with particles occur in the reactor; two processes are simultaneously taking place - mineralization and coalescence. The aerated pulp rotates upward smoothly in the V-tubes 6 and 7 without impact, and the velocity of the pulp into the separator slows down in the diffusers 8 and 9 to create conditions for the formation of aeroflocs. When the ascending elbows of the V-shaped tubes 6 and 7 are made with a larger cross section than the descending section, the flow velocity decreases and the coalescence of the bubbles increases due to the effect of run-in. In the cylindrical shell 11, the flow is uniformly distributed over the separator volume and the pulp (water) part is separated from the mineralized air bubbles. Circulation occurs in the separator chamber caused by the flow of bubbles, which contributes to the uniform distribution of the aeroflocs. At the same time, the process of formation of aeroflocles and their emergence into the foam sump 13 continues. Mineralized bubbles rise into the foam trough 14 and are removed from the machine in the form of foam. Non-adhering pulp particles (tails) are discharged through a discharge device at the bottom of the separator.

When treating wastewater, the reactor-separator operates as follows. In the reactor, particles of polluting suspended solids, droplets of oil products, etc. adhere to small air bubbles. When loaded from the diffuser into the separator, the loaded bubbles coalesce and float in the form of aeroflocs into a foam sump, from which they are periodically unloaded into a foam gutter. The purified water is unloaded at the bottom of the separator through a discharge device. The flotation rate of oil products from industrial water in the proposed machine increases by 1.3-1.4 times in comparison with the prototype, and the degree of their concentration increases by 30-40 times in the foam product, which is unattainable in other flotation machines.

In the proposed machine, the time to reach the maximum degree of purification from oil products with a content of 120-150 mg / dm ³ in the initial industrial effluents is 13-15 minutes, and in the prototype 20-22 minutes, and the foam product yield is 1-1.5%, prototype 10-15%.

A 10-fold reduction in the volume of a foam product containing 30–40 times more oil products significantly reduces the cost of its disposal.

Claims (9)

1. A pneumatic flotation machine, including a separation chamber, a reactor made in the form of a central pipe, to the upper part of which a pulp feed device and an aerator are connected, and at least two descending pipes are connected to the lower part with the possibility of uniform downward formation in them flows, to the lower end of each of the descending pipes a V-shaped pipe is connected by one bend, the second bend of which with a diffuser fixed to it is located in the separation chamber, while the outlet openings fuzorov directed relative to each other to form a aeroflokul in the separating chamber at the upper part of the separation chamber mounted penootstoynik on which the foam chute for collecting the enriched product, while the lower part of the separation chamber is connected a device for discharging tailings. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation chamber is made of upper and lower conical shells, between which a cylindrical shell is located. 3. The machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the sump is installed on the upper conical shell of the separation chamber. 4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the downward pipes are connected to the pipe using tees. 5. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the downward pipes are located outside the separation chamber. 6. The machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the downward pipes are connected to the tees with the possibility of changing the angle between them. 7. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the central pipe, downward pipes, elbows of the V-shaped pipe and the diffuser are different. 8. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the V-shaped pipe is made with the possibility of adjusting the angle between its elbows. 9. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the diffuser has a different opening angle.

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