RU2281140C2 - Filter press - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical engineering, particularly filter presses used to separate liquid heterogeneous systems in chemical, food and other industries and for industrial and domestic waste water cleaning.

SUBSTANCE: filter press comprises front and rear posts, bridge connecting the posts, pressure plate suspended to bridge, plate clamping mechanism having rod connected to pressure plate, filtering panel set suspended to bridge guiders by means of suspension brackets provided with support rollers connected thereto and arranged between front post and pressure plate. Filtering panels are fastened one to another, to pressure plate and to front post by limiting strips. Power units adapted for sectional filter press opening are installed on the bridge. The power units have working tools connected with brackets of intermediate filtering panels by means of hinged joints. The intermediate filtering panels divide the filtering panel set into several sections. Limiting strips and hinged connections, which connect intermediate filtering panels with corresponding working tools of power units, are offset towards bridge guiders so that axes of above limiting strips and hinged connections are in common horizontal plane with axes of support rollers included in suspension brackets.

EFFECT: increased operational reliability.

8 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of chemical engineering, in particular to filter presses for filtering suspensions, and can be used in the separation of various liquid heterogeneous systems in the chemical, food and other related industries, as well as in the treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater.

Known filter press, which contains a front rack with a thrust plate, a rear rack with a mechanism for clamping plates, located between them a set of filter plates and a pressure plate, as well as longitudinal beams connecting the front and rear racks. At the same time, one of the beams located at the top serves to suspend a set of filter plates and a pressure plate and contains a mechanism for moving the filter plates, and the other two are located on the sides of the filter press in its lower part (see German Utility Model Patent No. 7711368, MKI B 01 D 25/12, publ. 26.07.79).

In the filter press of this design, the movement of the filter plates is carried out using a chain mechanism containing a certain amount (depending mainly on the size of the filter press and the total number of filter plates included in it) hooks. At the beginning of the operation "unloading sediment", the pressure plate is discharged from the package of filter plates and the chain of the specified mechanism is set in motion.

The disadvantage of this design is that it takes too much time to unload the sludge, in which each plate has to be moved individually, as well as the fact that the moment of forces that occurs when the plate engages with the towing hook causes it to swing, which, in turn, often leads to disconnecting the transported plate from the corresponding hook and creates serious difficulties for unloading sediment from other plates. The occurrence of the indicated moment of forces is caused by the fact that the line of action of the force of the conveying hook passes at a considerable distance from the plane in which the frictional forces opposing it are located in the rollers on which the filter plates move.

A filter press is also known, comprising a front rack with a thrust plate, a rear rack with a plate clamping mechanism, an upper beam and lower side ties, a pressure plate interacting with a plate clamping mechanism, a set of filter plates mounted vertically and equipped with filter baffles, a plate moving mechanism . Each filter plate is suspended on a bracket with rollers that allow it to move along the longitudinal axis of the filter press when the hooks attached to the drive chain are exposed to the bracket (see RF patent No. 2159661, MKI B 01 D 25/12, publ. 27.11. 2000, bull. No. 33).

The presence on the brackets of the suspension plates of special adjustable stops reduces the effect of rocking the plates, but the pairs of forces that cause it are not only not eliminated, but an additional moment has appeared from the rolling resistance of the rollers on the indicated stops. All this causes the skewing of the plates and can lead to their jamming and failure of the mechanism for moving the plates.

Closest to the claimed (prototype) is a filter press comprising a front and rear struts connecting their bridge with a pressure plate suspended on it, a plate clamping mechanism, the rod of which is connected to the pressure plate, a set of filter plates located between the front rack and the pressure plate suspended on the bridge with brackets and interconnected, as well as with the pressure plate and the front strut restrictive straps. The filter press is equipped with one or more power units for sectional opening, mainly hydraulic cylinders mounted on the bridge along its longitudinal axis. At the same time, the working body of each unit is pivotally connected to the bracket for the suspension of the filter plate of the section disclosed by it (see certificate for the utility model of the Russian Federation No. 16083, MKI B 01 D 25/12, publ. 10.12.2000, bull. No. 34).

This design can significantly reduce the time required for the discharge of sediment due to the sectional expansion of the plates. However, due to the fact that the plane in which the restrictive straps are placed does not coincide with the action line of the hydraulic cylinders or with the plane passing through the axes of the slab suspension rollers, the probability of jamming of the slabs during their movement remains significant. Moreover, an additional moment acting on each filter plate arises from the fact that the restriction bars are oriented at a certain angle to the horizon, and on each plate the points of application of their efforts are shifted vertically by a considerable distance.

The problem solved by the invention is to increase the reliability of the mechanism for moving the filter plates in the process of unloading the filtered sludge by preventing distortion and jamming of the suspension elements of the plates during their movement from one package to another.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the filter press with sectional unloading of sludge, including the front and rear racks connecting the specified racks, a bridge with a pressure plate suspended on it, a plate clamping mechanism, the rod of which is connected to the pressure plate, a packet of filter plates suspended on rails bridge using suspension brackets with supporting rollers fixed to them and located between the front strut and pressure plate, while these filter plates are interconnected, as well as with pressure plate and front strut restrictive straps mounted on the bridge power units for sectional opening of the filter press, the working bodies of which are connected by swivel joints to the brackets of the intermediate filter plates, dividing the packet of filter plates into sections, according to the invention restrictive straps and hinge joints of the brackets of the intermediate filter plates with the corresponding working bodies of the power units are shifted to the guide rails of the bridge so that the axes of the specified limit slats and swivel joints are located mainly in the same horizontal plane with the axes of fastening of the support rollers of the suspension plates.

In one of the recommended embodiments of the invention, the power units are made in the form of hydraulic cylinders, the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the rods of which lie in the specified horizontal plane, and the hydraulic cylinders themselves are installed towards each other.

In the case of a filter press with a large filtration surface, when it is necessary to install three or more power units according to structural requirements, it is recommended to position the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the hydraulic cylinder rods at an angle of not more than 10 degrees to the specified horizontal plane, and install the hydraulic cylinders articulated with the possibility of rotation in vertical the plane. In this case, the axes of the hinged joints of the hydraulic cylinder rods with the brackets of the intermediate plates remain in one common plane with the axes of the limit bars and the axes of the plate suspension rollers.

In another embodiment of the invention, the suspension brackets of the filter plates are mounted on the outside of the bridge guides, and the support rollers of the suspension of each filter plate are mounted in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the filter press. This arrangement of the suspension brackets and support rollers makes it possible to simplify the design of the filter press.

Additional advantages are achieved due to the fact that on the axes of fastening of the support rollers of the plate suspension, stops are installed that protrude on both sides of the indicated axes in the direction of movement of the filter plates, and the restrictive bars are made of two links pivotally connected to each other. This protects the plate movement mechanism from distortions and jamming during the reverse stroke of the plate clamping mechanism, that is, when they are compressed by the power hydraulic cylinder.

The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, which show:

figure 1 is a General view of the filter press of 2 sections with compressed into one package filter plates;

figure 2 is a General view of the filter press of 2 sections with the disclosed first section for unloading sediment;

figure 3 is a General view of the filter press of 2 sections with the disclosed second section for unloading sediment;

figure 4 is a General view of the filter press of 3 sections with the disclosed second section for unloading sediment;

figure 5 is a General view of the filter press of 3 sections with the disclosed third section for unloading sediment;

figure 6 is a General view of the filter press 4-section execution with the disclosed second section for unloading sediment;

Fig.7 is a General view of the filter press 4-section execution with the disclosed third section for unloading sediment;

in Fig.8 is a section aa of the filter press shown in Fig.1, along the intermediate filter plate (enlarged);

figure 9 is a cross-section GG filter press, shown in figure 7, along the axis of attachment of the housing of the hydraulic cylinder (enlarged);

figure 10 is a top view along arrows BB on the suspension unit of the filter plates when they are unclenched (enlarged);

11 is a top view along arrows BB in the suspension unit of the filter plates when they are compressed (enlarged).

The inventive filter press, shown in 2-, 3- and 4-section versions (Figs. 1, 4, 6) contains front 1 and rear 2 racks connected by a bridge 3. At the bottom of the racks 1 and 2 are connected to each other another ties 4. Filter plates 5 and a pressure plate 6 are suspended on the bridge 3. A plate clamping mechanism 7 is mounted in the rear rack 2 of the filter press. The mechanism for moving the plates is made in the form of one hydraulic cylinder 8 (Fig. 1) , two hydraulic cylinders 9, 10 (Fig. 4) or three hydraulic cylinders 11, 12, 13 (Fig. 6).

Each filter plate 5 is provided on the sides in its upper part with two suspension brackets 14, 15 (Fig. 8), on the upper ends of which, with the help of the axles 16 and 17, the suspension rollers 18, 19 are installed. On each of the axles 16, 17 in both directions from the plate in the direction perpendicular to its plane, stops 20, 21, 22 and 23 are made (Fig. 11). In addition, the outer ends of the axes 16 and 17 are fitted with restrictive bars made in the form of two links 24 and 25, fastened together by the axis 26. Moreover, each link 24 is worn on the axes 16 and 17 close to the plate, and the free ends of the links 25 are worn on the same axis of the adjacent plate over the links 24.

The filter plates 5 are divided by an intermediate filter plate 27 into two discharge sections (FIG. 1), by intermediate filter plates 27 and 28 into three discharge sections (FIG. 4) and by intermediate filter plates 27, 28 and 29 into four discharge sections (FIG. .6). The intermediate filter plates differ from the filter plates 5 in that they are additionally provided with brackets 30 (Fig. 8) mounted on their upper face, and their suspension brackets 14 and 15 are made of a somewhat longer length.

On the bridge 3, rails 31 and 32 are installed (Figs. 8, 11), on which the suspension rollers 18 and 19 are supported. In addition, axles 33 for mounting the bodies of hydraulic cylinders 8-13 are mounted in the bridge 3 (Fig. 9 shows the axis 33 for mounting hydraulic cylinders 12), the latter being centered by the bushings 34. The rods of the hydraulic cylinders 8-13 end with eyes 35 (Fig. 8), which are connected via axles 36 to the brackets 30 of the intermediate filter plates 27, 28 and 29, thus forming articulated joints.

As can be seen in Fig. 8, the axles 16, 17 of the plate suspension rollers, which are simultaneously the axes of fastening of the restrictive bars, as well as the axis 36 connecting the eyelets 35 of the hydraulic cylinder rods with the brackets 30 of the suspension of the intermediate plates, are in the same horizontal plane. This eliminates the presence of moments that could cause distortions or jamming of the suspension elements when moving the filter press plates.

The filter press operates as follows.

The initial suspension is fed into a pre-compressed by means of a clamping mechanism 7 package of filter plates 5 and an intermediate filter plate 27 (Fig. 1). The liquid phase passes through the filter baffles (not shown in the drawings) and is discharged from the filter press, and the filtered precipitate gradually fills the space inside the filter plates 5, 27. After the end of all technological operations of the filter press operation cycle, the clamping mechanism 7 moves the pressure plate 6 to inoperative position near the rear rack 2 (figure 2). At the same time, the links 24 and 25 of the restrictive bars fixed on the suspension brackets 14 and 15 of the pressure plate 6 are straightened and set in motion the filter plate 5 adjacent to the pressure plate. By the time the pressure plate 6 is in the extreme position at the rear rack, all the filter the plates of the first discharge section will be separated from each other by a distance approximately equal to the total length of the pair of links 24 and 25, and the filtered precipitate will fall out of these plates under its own weight. Moreover, due to the fact that the direction of action of the spreading force is in the same horizontal plane with the axes of the restrictive slats and rollers of the suspension plates, the movement of the latter occurs without distortions and jamming.

To unload the sediment from the second section of the filter press, the hydraulic cylinder 8 extends its stem with an eye 35 (Fig. 3, 8), which acts on the axis 36 of the bracket 30 mounted on the intermediate plate 27. The plate 27 comes into motion and begins to roll on its rollers suspensions 18 and 19 along the guides 31 and 32 of the bridge 3 towards the rear pillar 2. This causes the filter plates 5 following it to move due to the straightening of the links 24 and 25 of the restriction bars. At the same time, the movement of the intermediate plate 27 leads to the collection of the filter plates 5 of the first section into a packet, since the stops 20 and 22 of the said plate 27 interact with the stops 21 and 23 of the right adjacent plate 5, and that respectively interacts with its stops 20 and 22 with the stops 21 and 23 filter plate adjacent to it, etc. Thus, by the time the second section of the filter press is opened, the plates of the first section are assembled in a bag. At the same time, just as during the opening of the first section, due to the fact that the direction of action of the driving force is in the same horizontal plane with the axes of the suspension rollers, links of the restrictive bars and stops, there are no distortions and jamming of plates and rollers of their suspension.

After the sediment is unloaded from the second section, the plate clamping mechanism 7 is activated, which, acting on the pressure plate 6, collects all the filter plates 5, 27 together and compresses them into a sealed bag at the front rack 1, preparing the filter press for a new filtering cycle. In this case, similar to the closure of the discharge section described above, the stops 20, 21, 22 and 23 interact with each other, preventing distortions and jamming of the plates.

For filter presses with a large filter surface, it may be necessary to break the entire pack of plates into three or more sections. In the case of a 3-section filter press (Fig. 4), the hydraulic cylinder 9 for moving the plates of the second section and the hydraulic cylinder 10 for moving the plates of the third section are placed in the bridge 3 in the same plane towards each other. The sludge is unloaded from the first section in the same way as described above, when the pressure plate 6 is moved to the rear rack 2. To unload the sludge from the second section, the hydraulic cylinder 9 draws its rod and moves the intermediate plate 27, while the first section of the plates closes and the second opens . Then, the hydraulic cylinder 10 extends its stem connected to the bracket 30 of the intermediate plate 28 (FIG. 5), closing the second section of the plates and opening the third. In this case, the interaction of the rods of the indicated hydraulic cylinders with the brackets 30 of the intermediate plates 27, 28, the links of the restrictive bars 24 and 25, as well as the stops 20, 21, 22 and 23, occurs similarly to the one described above.

After unloading the sediment from the last section, the plate clamping mechanism 7 collects the filter plates 5, 27, 28 and compresses them into a sealed bag at the front rack 1.

A four-section filter press in bridge 3 may not have enough space to accommodate three hydraulic cylinders. In this case, one of the hydraulic cylinders 12 (Fig.6) is installed at an angle to the plane in which the axes of the suspension rollers 18 and 19 and the stops 20, 21, 22 and 23 are located. However, here, too, the axis 36 of the swivel joint (Fig. 8), with the help of which the eye of the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 12 acts on the bracket 30 of the intermediate plate 28, is in the specified plane. This ensures the absence of any moments of force in the described mechanism and, as a consequence, its operation without distortions and jamming. In this case, the sludge is unloaded from the first section as described above, a hydraulic cylinder 11 is used to unload the sludge from the second section, the plates of the third section are extended by retracting the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 12 (Fig. 7), and the fourth by extending the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 13 .

After unloading the sediment from the last section, the plate clamping mechanism 7 collects the filter plates 5, 27, 28 and 29 and compresses them into a sealed bag at the front rack 1.

Thus, when unloading sludge, and when compressing all the plates into a sealed bag before the start of each filtering cycle, the possibility of skewing and jamming of the suspension elements of the plates is completely eliminated, and this ensures a high degree of reliability of the filter press.

It should be noted that the idea embodied in the invention is not limited to the presented examples of its implementation and drawings, which only illustrate the possibility of its practical use, but is determined by the volume of patent claims set forth in the claims.

So, with five or more unloading sections, it will be necessary to install several hydraulic cylinders at an angle, while their work in the process of unloading the sediment will be similar to that described above.

Swivel joints of hydraulic cylinder rods with brackets of intermediate filter plates can be made not only in the form of eyes and axes, but also, for example, in the form of ball joints.

With a small number of sections of the filter press, you can do without stops that protrude on both sides of the axes of fastening of the support rollers of the plate suspension, since under these conditions the likelihood of skewing and jamming of the plates when they are compressed by the power hydraulic cylinder is negligible.

Bounding strips can also be made of one link with a longitudinal slot provided for moving the guide pin in it. In addition, flexible elements, such as multi-link chains, can be used as the equivalent of bounding bars.

The main structural difference of the claimed filter press from the known analogues remains the location of the axes of the restrictive strips and swivel joints mainly in the same horizontal plane as the axes of fastening of the support rollers of the plate suspension, which prevents skewing and jamming of the suspension elements during the discharge of the filtered sediment.

Claims (8)

1. Filter press with sectional discharge of sediment, including front and rear racks, connecting the bridge racks to the pressure plate suspended on it, a plate clamping mechanism, the rod of which is connected to the pressure plate, a package of filter plates suspended on the bridge guides using suspension brackets with support rollers fixed to them and located between the front strut and pressure plate, while these filter plates are interconnected, as well as pressure plate and front strut restrictive plates installed on the bridge power units for sectional opening of the filter press, the working bodies of which are connected by swivel joints to the brackets of the intermediate filter plates, dividing the package of filter plates into sections, characterized in that the restrictive bars and swivel joints of the brackets of the intermediate filter plates the working bodies of the power units are shifted to the guide rails of the bridge in such a way that the axes of the specified restrictive bars and articulated joints advantageously laid in the same horizontal plane with the axes of the support rollers fastening plates suspension. 2. The filter press according to claim 1, characterized in that the power units are made in the form of hydraulic cylinders. 3. The filter press according to claim 2, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the hydraulic cylinder rods lie in the same horizontal plane with the axes of fastening of the support rollers of the plate suspension, and the hydraulic cylinders are mounted towards each other. 4. The filter press according to claim 2, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the hydraulic cylinder rods are inclined to the specified horizontal plane at an angle of no more than 10 °, and the hydraulic cylinders themselves are pivotally mounted with the possibility of rotation in the vertical plane. 5. The filter press according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension brackets of the filter plates are mounted on the outside of the bridge guides. 6. The filter press according to claim 1, characterized in that the support rollers of the suspension of each filter plate are installed in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the filter press. 7. The filter press according to one of claims 1 and 6, characterized in that on the axes of fastening of the support rollers of the plate suspension, stops are installed that protrude on both sides of these axes in the direction of movement of the filter plates. 8. The filter press according to claim 1, characterized in that the restrictive straps are made of two links pivotally connected to each other.

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