RU2278280C2 - Energy producing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed energy producing method includes preparation of water, heating of water in boiler to obtain saturated steam, getting of superheated steam in steam superheater, conversion of steam energy into rotation of steam turbine coupled with electric generator, conversion of waste steam into water in condenser by cooling water flow, obtaining thermal energy from cooling water flow in additional heat exchanger by acting onto heat exchanger by snow mass turned into snow-melt water which is then used as boiler water.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of thermal power station, reduced amount of chemical required to prepare boiler water, reduced chemical contamination of water objects included into technological process.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to energy, and in particular to the production of electricity and heat.

There is a method of producing electric energy, in which water is prepared using chemicals, it is poured into a boiler, turning water into saturated steam, this steam is passed through a steam heater to obtain superheated steam, which drives a steam turbine coupled to an electric generator (see Steam and gas turbines / Under the editorship of Kostyuk. - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1985, pp. 12-14).

The spent steam is cooled in a condenser, converted into water, which is fed to the boiler through auxiliary devices.

A device for producing electrical energy is known, comprising a boiler, a steam generator, a superheater, a steam turbine, a generator and a condenser (see Gutovsky V.N. Shkolnikam for energy. - M .: Publishing House "Education", 1966, p. 114).

The condenser is cooled by a stream of water pumped by circulation pumps from artificial or natural reservoirs. The water passed through the condenser has a temperature of 20-28 degrees Celsius. The thermal energy contained in the water cooling the condenser is uselessly radiated into the atmosphere and dissipated in water bodies. Energy losses account for more than 55% of the energy contained in the burned fuel, which reduces the efficiency (efficiency) of a thermal power plant. In addition, significant energy consumption is consumed by circulating pumps that pump water to cool the condenser.

Of the known methods, the closest analogue is a method of generating energy, including preparing water, heating water in a boiler to produce saturated steam, producing superheated steam in a superheater, converting steam energy into rotation of a steam turbine coupled to an electric generator, converting spent steam into water in a condenser the flow of cooling water by exposing it to snow mass, which is used as boiler water (see US 5829255, CL F 01 K 19/10, 11/03/1998).

The disadvantage of this method is to reduce the efficiency of a thermal power plant due to direct contact of the snow mass with steam, a high amount of chemicals necessary for the preparation of boiler water, and high pollution of water bodies.

The technical result, to which the present invention is directed, is to eliminate the above disadvantages.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a method for producing energy, including preparing water, heating water in a boiler to obtain saturated steam, producing superheated steam in a superheater, converting steam energy into rotation of a steam turbine coupled to an electric generator, converting the spent steam into water into condenser with a stream of cooling water, extraction of thermal energy from a stream of cooling water is carried out in an additional heat exchanger by exposing it to snow mass, eobrazuemoy in melted water which is used as boiler feed water.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that part of the melt water is pre-frozen and subsequently used as boiler water and / or a cooling water condenser.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that before using melt water as a boiler and / or cooling condenser, it is first cleaned.

Between the claimed technical result and the essential features of the invention there is the following causal relationship. It is the possibility of using snow melt water, obtained, for example, from utilization of snow, in the process of obtaining commercial heat and electric energy that makes it possible to reduce their cost by reducing the cost of chemical preparation of water, since natural snow water most fully meets the basic requirements for chemical composition, presented to the waters that are used in boilers to produce process steam. Reducing the required amount of acids used in H-cationic and OH-anionic filters and other ingredients used in desalting water not only reduces financial costs, but also reduces the harmful effects on the environment. Increasing the efficiency becomes possible due to a significant reduction in the electric energy used for pumping water, as well as by ensuring the operation of the power plant in the optimal mode, which is achieved by increasing the efficiency of cooling steam with water having a low temperature, which makes it possible to reduce the required volume of cooling water. Using the energy of the water flow cooling the condenser to obtain boiler water, and generating additional energy that can be used in the technological process of obtaining energy, for example, to supply equipment for preparing and transporting boiler water, reducing energy costs for the auxiliary needs of a thermal power plant makes it possible to increase the output of marketable energy and therefore efficiency.

The drawing shows a diagram of a device for implementing the method of producing energy.

The device for generating energy includes a pump 1, a boiler 2, connected to a superheater 3, the output of which is connected to a steam turbine 4, connected to a condenser 5 and connected to a generator 6, a snow mass source 7, an additional heat exchanger 8, the input of which is hydraulically connected to the output of the condenser 5. For converting the kinetic energy of the flow of cooling water passing through the condenser, the device contains at least one means 9 for converting this energy to other types of energy, for example, a hydrogenerator. The device also contains at least one block of melt water treatment 10, connected with at least one isothermal warehouse 11, intended for freezing part of the snow melt water, the output of which is hydraulically connected to the inlet of the pump 1 and / or to the inlet of the condenser 5 .

A device for implementing the method of producing energy works as follows.

At the beginning of the technological cycle from the water body 12 by the pump 13, water is supplied to the chemical preparation unit (not shown). The prepared water is pumped 1 to the boiler 2, where it is heated to produce saturated steam, which is passed through a superheater 3 and is superheated by steam turbine 4, coupled with a generator 6 that generates electrical energy. The spent steam is converted into water in the condenser 5 by cooling the condenser with a stream of water pumped by the pump 13 from the water body 12. Then, heat energy is extracted from the cooling water stream passing through the condenser 5 and having the residual thermal and kinetic energy, passing the specified stream through an additional heat exchanger 8, by exposing it to snow mass from a source 7, which, for example, can be formed by storing snow removed from the streets, etc. The snow melt water obtained in the additional heat exchanger 8 is cleaned in the melt water purification unit 10 and used as boiler water by feeding pump 1 to the boiler 2 through auxiliary means (for example, valves), the chilled water stream passing through the additional heat exchanger 8, sent to cool the condenser 5.

To implement the method in a warm period of time (ambient temperature is positive), part of the melt water is previously converted into ice (frozen by natural winter cold) and stored, for example, in an isothermal warehouse 11. In the warm period, regulated melting of ice due to natural heat is carried out or process heat, for example the heat energy of the condenser 5, and use the obtained melt water as boiler water and / or a cooling condenser 5.

Kinetic energy is extracted from the cooling water stream passing through the condenser 5, and means 9, for example, a hydrogenerator, are used to convert it into other types of energy.

The proposed method of producing energy does not violate the standard technological cycle. When applying the proposed solution, it becomes possible to use water in several stages to cool a condenser without complex structures such as cooling towers. The use of natural cold and heat for the implementation of the boiler water production process makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of thermal power plants using capacitors. The use of natural snow water makes it possible to reduce the amount of chemicals necessary for the preparation of boiler water, and to reduce the chemical pollution of water bodies included in the technological process. The beneficial use of thermal energy from a water stream passing through a condenser having a relatively low temperature solves the problem of snow utilization, which increases the efficiency of the claimed method and device and creates the prerequisites for solving the problem of climate conservation in the region.

Claims (3)

1. A method of generating energy, including preparing water, heating water in a boiler to produce saturated steam, producing superheated steam in a superheater, converting steam energy into rotation of a steam turbine coupled to an electric generator, converting the spent steam into water in a condenser by a stream of cooling water, extracting from the flow of cooling water of thermal energy in an additional heat exchanger by exposing it to snow mass converted into melt water, which is used as boiler water. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that part of the melt water is pre-frozen and subsequently used as boiler water and / or a cooling water condenser. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that before using melt water as a boiler and / or cooling condenser, it is first cleaned.