RU2274516C2 - Metal dispersing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy, namely systems for producing metal powders.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus includes housing in the form of working chamber with controlled temperature of certain portion of its wall; unit for creating gaseous medium in volume of working chamber; electric power source; at least two electrodes; unit for continuous supply of dispersed metal. Apparatus includes in addition drive unit for rotating in horizontal plane. Said unit is provided with control circuit and electric power supply system. Working chamber is in the form of built-up sleeve having outer and inner members. Inclination angle (from outside) of wall of outer member is in range 16 - 135° relative to rotation plane. Built-up sleeve is fastened by means of bottom portion of outer member with cooled shaft of drive unit for rotating in horizontal plane. Outer metallic member of built-up sleeve has turning for passing cooling agent. Inner member of built-up sleeve is made of high-temperature ceramic material and it has chamfer formed along upper edge of sleeve. Said chamfer is inclined by angle 2 - 68° relative to rotation plane of sleeve.

EFFECT: automatic sizing of discrete particles of fibers, stable production process.

6 cl, 2 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, and more specifically to means for converting (crushing, granulating) metal into discrete liquid metal structures (liquid metal agglomerates) for their subsequent conversion into metal fiber, fiber, metal wool, metal flakes.

Known means for the manufacture of metal fiber [1], comprising a low-vacuum chamber, two induction coils mounted horizontally inside the chamber with a gap between them and with the possibility of heating a metal plate vertically lowered in this gap, as well as a rotating disk (milling cutter) installed with the possibility of adjustable rotation with high speed and equipped with many blades (knives).

A disadvantage of the known tool for the manufacture of discrete extended metal structures (metal granules) is the irreproducibility of the weight dimensions of the formed granules with a characteristic size of less than 500 microns due to increasing differences in the interaction of the metal source (metal plate) with the cutting blades over time, the structure of the metallic fibers obtained further on is non-uniform properties of the initial metal plate and their increased fracture due to nonequilibrium formation conditions in h STI anisotropy of mechanical action during the cut preheated metal plate.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a means for arc dispersion of metal [2], consisting of an electric power source, two electrodes mounted with the possibility of rapprochement, and a refractory chamber with at least one hole made in its wall, the generatrix of which is provided with embedded near the surface by a heater in the form of a resistive spiral or ring film resistance. In addition, one of the windings of the transformer of the electric power source is located near the refractory chamber so as to “create a magnetic blast” in the direction of the hole.

The disadvantage of the prototype tool is that it forms metal molten structures (granules, droplets and / or splashes of molten metal) in a very wide (almost two orders of magnitude) range of weight and size parameters (particle size dispersion) and with a large spread of kinetic energies (removal rates with zone of fusion of the ends of the electrodes).

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the quality of discrete metallic finely dispersed structures (fiber, fiber, wool, scaly particles) due to a significant reduction in their particle size distribution in the liquid state and reproducible phase structure structuring.

The technical result of the present invention is the automatic calibration of discrete liquid metal structures on a rotating disk dispersant to a single-droplet state and leveling of their kinetic energies (speeds) when moving outside the disk dispersant due to elimination of the continuity of the skull and interaction with the vapor-gas mixture saturated with dispersible metal vapors.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the means for dispersing the metal contains a housing made in the form of a working chamber with a controlled temperature of a given section of the wall, a unit for generating a gas medium in the volume of the working chamber, an electric power source, at least two electrodes, and means for continuously supplying dispersible metal, and also contains a rotational drive in the horizontal plane, equipped with control systems and power supply, and the working chamber is made in the form of a composite glass, about brazovanny external and internal elements, with an angle of inclination from the outside of the wall of the external element from 16 to 135 degrees relative to the plane of rotation, and the composite glass is fastened to the bottom of the external element with a cooled rotation drive shaft in a horizontal plane, and the external element of the composite glass is made of metal with a groove for the passage of the refrigerant, while the inner element of the composite glass is made of high-temperature ceramic and is equipped with a chamfer formed on the upper edge of the glass at an angle from 2 to 68 degrees relative to the plane of its rotation.

It is desirable that one of the electrodes was made not consumable.

Preferably, the non-consumable electrode is connected to the external element of the composite cup.

It matters that the non-consumable electrode is introduced into the working volume of the chamber through the bottom of the high-temperature ceramic.

It is advisable that the block for the formation of a gaseous medium be equipped with a gas source from a series of helium, argon, hydrogen, propane, butane, and methane.

It is advisable to equip the gas formation unit with a regeneration unit.

A technical solution is known in which a stream of metal melt supplied from a volumetric feeder to the horizontal surface of a rotating disk dispersant, made in the form of a turbine with a given number of partitions (blades), on the surface of which the jet is crushed (granulated, sprayed or dispersed) by discrete mechanical forces liquid metal structures [A.S. USSR No. 1823293, IPC ⁶ B 22 F 9/10, "Device for producing fine scaly particles", authors Petukhova II and Efanova V.V., publ. July 25, 1995]. However, the specified technical solution does not disclose autocalibration of discrete liquid metal structures and kinetic energy leveling of discrete liquid metal structures leaving the surface of a rotating disk dispersant, which allows us to conclude that the claimed subject matter meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The claimed invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

- figure 1 schematically shows a General view of the means for dispersing metal;

- figure 2 conditionally shows the working chamber with a non-consumable electrode fixed in its bottom.

The list of positions:

1. The external element.

2. The unit for the formation of a gaseous medium.

3. Current leads.

4. The source of electrical power.

5. Non-consumable electrode.

6. Consumable electrode.

7. Means of continuous supply of dispersible metal.

8. Drive rotation.

9. The control unit.

10. The inner element.

11. The angle of inclination from the outside of the wall of the external element

12. Mounting the composite glass of the camera.

13. Val.

14. The refrigerant.

15. Temperature control unit.

16. Chamfer.

17. Gas fittings.

18. The mixer.

19. The nozzle of the shaper of the gas medium.

20. The node regeneration.

21. The pipeline node regeneration.

22. The working volume of the camera.

23. Non-consumable tungsten electrode.

The metal dispersion tool comprises an external element 1 (Figs. 1 and 2) made of heat-resistant structural steel, a gas medium forming unit 2 (Fig. 1) equipped with appropriate shutoff valves (not shown), current leads 3 (Fig. 1), representing an insulated copper cable with a contactor, an electric power source 4 (FIG. 1), a non-consumable electrode 5 (FIG. 1), a consumable electrode 6 (FIGS. 1 and 2) made of metal, which is subject to conversion (granulation) into discrete liquid metal structures A new supply of dispersible metal 7 (Figs. 1 and 2), which is usually a tribal apparatus, a rotation drive 8 (Fig. 1), made in the form of a reversible electric motor with a gearbox and equipped with speed control in the control unit 9 (Fig. 1), the inner element 10 (Figs. 1 and 2), molded from high-temperature ceramic and placed in the glass of the outer element 1 (Figs. 1, 2), the angle of inclination of which from the outside of the wall of the outer element 11 (Figs. 1 and 2) is structurally variable parameter, shaft 13 (Figs. 1 and 2), refrigerant 14 (Figs. 1 and 2), providing which monitors adjustable temperature maintenance depending on commands from the temperature control unit 15 (Fig. 1), the edge of the inner element 10 (Figs. 1 and 2) is provided with a chamfer 16 (Figs. 1 and 2), which provides a controlled escape of discrete liquid metal structures from the surface rotating disk dispersant (not shown).

To form the desired gas atmosphere above the working surface of the inner element 10 (Figs. 1 and 2) in the form of a dynamic gas layer, which is then converted by an electric arc during the formation of discrete liquid metal structures into a vapor-gas mixture containing metal vapor of a consumable electrode 6 (Fig. 1 and 2), the means for dispersing the metal contains gas fittings 17 (FIG. 1) connecting the gas medium forming unit to the mixer 18 (FIG. 1) equipped with a gas medium forming pipe 19 (FIGS. 1 and 2). To stabilize the composition of the vapor-gas mixture during operation, the tool is also equipped with a regeneration unit 20 (Fig. 1), which, through the pipe 21 (Figs. 1 and 2), removes the spent vapor-gas mixture from the working volume of the chamber 22 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) . As a non-consumable electrode, the tool may contain a tungsten electrode (Figure 2).

EXAMPLE 1. The work of the means for the dispersion of metal is as follows. It used an external element 1 (Fig. 1, 2) with an angle of inclination of the wall 11 (Fig. 1, 2) 16 °, and the inner element 10 (Fig. 1, 2) of the composite glass of the working chamber is made surface-isomorphic to the external element 1 (Fig.1, 2) of high-temperature ceramic with a chamfer 2 ⁰ . A stainless steel wire (carbon content of 0.02-0.2% wt., Nickel 3-20% wt., Chromium 12-28% wt.) Is fed into the means of continuous supply of dispersible metal 7 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). moreover, the sum of nickel and chromium is in the range of 20-35% wt.) with a diameter of 5.2 mm. In the control unit 9 (Fig. 1), the feed rate of the consumable electrode 6 (Figs. 1, 2) is set to 0.15 m / s.

From the control unit 9 (FIG. 1), a rotation drive 8 (FIG. 1) is started, setting the rotation frequency to 850 rpm.

The unit for forming a gas medium 2 (FIG. 1) is switched to supply argon to the working volume of the chamber 22 (FIGS. 1, 2) through gas fittings 17 (FIG. 1) and through a mixer 18 (FIG. 1 in an amount of 30 l / min. Argon exiting through the nozzle for forming the gas medium 19 (Fig. 1, 2) into the working volume of the chamber 22 (Fig. 1, 2) forms a dynamic protective flow of the gaseous medium above the working surface of the inner element 10 (Fig. 1, 2) of the composite glass of the working chamber .

By means of the temperature control unit 15 (FIG. 1), the necessary flow rate of the refrigerant 14 (FIGS. 1, 2) is set through the corresponding cavities in the structure of the means for maintaining the surface temperature of the inner element 10 (FIGS. 1, 2) in the working volume of the chamber 22 (FIG. .1, 2), equal to 0.6 of the melting point used to form the molten metal. In addition, pumping the refrigerant 14 (Fig. 1, 2) ensures the elimination of abnormal (destructive) overheating of the rotation drive 8 (Fig. 1) by suppressing the heat transfer of part of the arc energy to the rotation drive 8 (Fig. 1) along the shaft 13 (Fig. 1) . Partially, the last of the tasks is solved by fastening the composite glass of the chamber to the shaft 13 (Fig.) In the form of a porous (pore over 75% vol.) Ceramic insulating insert.

Start up the regeneration unit 20 (Fig. 1, 2), due to which through the pipeline of the regeneration unit 21 (Fig. 1, 2) pump out the spent part of the gas mixture from the working volume of the chamber 22 (Fig. 1, 2) at a speed of 30 l / min, thus keeping the thickness of the dynamic gas layer of the protective atmosphere constant.

The control unit 9 (Fig. 1) through an electric power supply 4 (Fig. 1) through current leads 3 (Fig. 1) to the consumable (Fig. 1, 2) and non-consumable 5 (Fig. 1) electrodes drop voltage of 55 V, forming thus, an electric arc with a current consumption of 480 A and with the simultaneous inclusion of the drives of the means of continuous supply of dispersible metal 7 (Fig.1, 2). As a result of the electrothermal fusion of the end face of the sacrificial electrode 6 (Figs. 1, 2), an intensive formation of the liquid phase in the form of drops, as well as spatter and vapor of the dispersible metal occurs. The liquid phase in the form of droplets and splashes of molten metal with high speed bombard the working surface of the inner element 10 (Fig.1, 2). Undergoing a collision with its surface at a speed of 500 to 1000 m / s, these discrete liquid metal structures are additionally crushed into smaller liquid droplets captured by the working surface by an adsorption mechanism. The metal vapor together with argon form a thermodynamically nonequilibrium vapor-gas mixture, actively affecting the adsorbing properties of the working surface of the inner element 10 (Fig.1, 2).

Fallen on the working surface of the inner element 10 (Figs. 1 and 2) and additionally sprayed on it, the initial drops of the metal melt again agglomerate into liquid metal sphere-like formations, which, upon reaching a certain size, are subjected to the predominant influence of the field of mechanical forces from the rotating inner element 10 (Fig. .1, 2) and due to this they are discharged from the working surface at an angle to it, defined by chamfer 16 (Fig. 1, 2).

Due to the local interaction with the working surface of the incoming molten metal surrounded by a vapor-gas medium containing dispersible metal vapors, as well as due to the intense bombardment of this surface by drops and splashes of molten metal with high kinetic energy on the working surface of the inner element 10 (Figure 1 , 2) there is no formation of a continuous layer of a skull, which, on the one hand, causes the automatic calibration of discrete liquid metal structures to a single-droplet state, predelyaemogo characteristics of said mechanical force field and a second side, entails leveling their kinetic energy with which the agglomerates leave the working volume of the chamber 22 (Figures 1, 2). Both of these factors, due to the reduction in particle size distribution to 6%, contribute to the reproducible structuring of this metal product (granules, fiber, wool, fiber, etc.) by phase composition.

EXAMPLE 2

The operating procedure of the metal dispersion agent is similar to that described in the previous example sequence. Select the outer element 1 (Fig. 1, 2) with an angle of inclination of the wall 11 (Fig. 1, 2) 135 °, and the inner element 10 (Fig. 1, 2) of the composite glass of the working chamber is made surface-isomorphic to the outer element 1 ( 1, 2) of high-temperature ceramic with a bevel 68 °. In the means of continuous supply of dispersible metal 7 (Fig.1, 2) lead wire of lead with a diameter of 12 mm In the control unit 9 (Fig. 1), the feed rate of the consumable electrode 6 (Figs. 1, 2) is 0.05 m / s.

From the control unit 9 (FIG. 1), a rotation drive 8 (FIG. 1) is started, setting the rotation frequency to 6000 rpm.

The unit for forming a gas medium 2 (Fig. 1) is switched to supply methane to the working volume of the chamber 22 (Figs. 1, 2) through gas valves 17 (Fig. 1) and through a mixer 18 (Fig. 1) in an amount of 9 l / min . The methane exiting through the nozzle for forming the gaseous medium 19 (FIGS. 1, 2) into the working volume of the chamber 22 (FIGS. 1, 2) forms a dynamic protective and recovery flow of the gaseous medium above the working surface of the inner element 10 (FIGS. 1, 2) of the composite glass working chamber.

By means of the temperature control unit 15 (Fig. 1), the necessary flow rate of the refrigerant 14 (Fig. 1, 2) is set through the corresponding cavities in the structure of the device in order to maintain the surface temperature of the inner element 10 (Fig. 1, 2) in the working volume of the chamber 22 ( 1, 2), equal to 1.1 melting point used to form the molten lead. In addition, the pumping of the refrigerant 14 (Fig. 1, 2) ensures the elimination of abnormal (destructive) overheating of the rotation drive 8 (Fig. 1) by suppressing the heat transfer of part of the arc energy to it along the shaft 13 (Fig. 1). To solve the problem of overheating of the rotation drive, the use of a porous (pore over 75% vol.) Ceramic insulating insert as a mount of the composite glass of the chamber 12 (Figure 1) to the shaft 13 (Figure 1, 2) is also directed.

The regeneration unit 20 (Fig. 1, 2) is launched into operation, due to which the exhausted part of the gas-vapor mixture is pumped out from the working volume of the chamber 22 through the pipeline of the regeneration unit 21 (Fig. 1, 2), thus supporting the thickness of the dynamic gas layer of the protective atmosphere is constant.

The control unit 9 (Fig. 1) through an electric power supply 4 (Fig. 1) through current leads 3 (Fig. 1) to the consumable (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) and non-consumable 5 (Fig. 1) electrodes drop voltage of 60 V , thus forming an electric arc with a current consumption of 350 A with the simultaneous inclusion of drives means for continuously supplying dispersible metal 7 (Fig.1, 2). As a result of the electrothermal fusion of the end face of the sacrificial electrode 6 (FIGS. 1, 2), the formation of the liquid phase and dispersible lead vapor occurs. The liquid phase is a drop and spray of molten lead, bombarding with a high speed the working surface of the inner element 10 (Fig.1, 2). Undergoing a collision with its surface at a speed of 500 to 600 m / s, these discrete liquid metal structures are additionally crushed into much smaller liquid drops of lead trapped by the working surface by the adsorption mechanism. Metal vapors form, together with methane, a thermodynamically nonequilibrium vapor-gas mixture that actively affects the adsorbing properties of the working surface of the inner element 10 (Figs. 1, 2).

Located on the working surface of the inner element 10 (Fig. 1, 2), the drops of lead melt agglomerate into liquid metal sphere-like monoformations, which, upon reaching a size of 60 μm, are subjected to the determining influence of the field of mechanical forces of the rotating inner element 10 (Figs. 1, 2) and due to they are dropped from the working surface at an angle defined by the chamfer 16 (Fig.1, 2).

Due to local interaction with the working surface of the molten metal entering it in a gas-vapor medium also containing vapors of the same metal, as well as due to the intense bombardment of this surface by drops and splashes of molten metal with high kinetic energy, on the working surface of the inner element 10 (Fig. 1, 2) the formation of a continuous layer of a skull does not occur, which, on the one hand, causes autocalibration of discrete liquid lead structures to a mono-droplet state determined by line providers of said field and a second side, entails leveling their kinetic energy with which the agglomerates leave the working volume of the chamber 22 (Figures 1, 2). Both of these factors subsequently contribute to the phase composition due to a decrease in the particle size distribution to 4.8% of the reproducible structuring of this lead product (granules, fiber, wool, fiber, etc.).

EXAMPLE 3

For copper dispersion, an external element 1 (Fig. 1, 2) with an angle of inclination of the wall 11 (Fig. 1, 2) of 70 ° was used, and the inner element 10 (Fig. 1, 2) of the composite glass of the working chamber is made surface-isomorphic to the external element 1 (Fig.1, 2) of high-temperature ceramic with a bevel 45 ° (Fig.1, 2). In the means of continuous supply of dispersible metal 7 (Fig. 1, 2), a copper wire of 3 mm diameter is charged. In the control unit 9 (Fig. 1), the feed rate of the consumable electrode 6 (Figs. 1, 2) is set at 0.2 m / s. From the control unit 9 (FIG. 1), a rotation drive 8 (FIG. 1) is started, setting the rotation frequency to 4500 rpm. The unit for forming a gaseous medium 2 (Fig. 1) is switched to supply a mixture of hydrogen and helium (containing 80% by volume of helium) into the working volume of the chamber 22 (Figs. 1, 2) through gas valves 17 (Fig. 1) and through a mixer 18 (Figure 1) in an amount of 12 l / min. The gas mixture exiting through the pipe for forming the gas medium 19 (Fig. 1, 2) into the working volume of the chamber 22 (Fig. 1, 2) forms a dynamic protective and recovery flow of the gas medium over the working surface of the internal element 10 (Fig. 1, 2) of the composite cups of the working chamber.

By means of the temperature control unit 15 (Fig. 1), the necessary flow rate of the refrigerant 14 (Fig. 1, 2) is set through the corresponding cavities in the structure of the device in order to maintain the surface temperature of the inner element 10 (Fig. 1, 2) in the working volume of the chamber 22 ( 1, 2), equal to 0.75 of the melting temperature used to form the molten metal. In addition, the pumping of the refrigerant 14 (Fig. 1, 2) ensures the elimination of abnormal (destructive) overheating of the rotation drive 8 (Fig. 1) by suppressing the heat transfer of part of the arc energy to it along the shaft 13 (Fig. 1). Partially, the last of the tasks is solved by fastening the composite glass of the chamber to the shaft 13 in the form of a porous (pore over 75% vol.) Ceramic insulating insert.

The regeneration unit 20 (Fig. 1, 2) is launched into operation, due to which the exhausted part of the gas-vapor mixture is pumped out from the working volume of the chamber 22 through the pipeline of the regeneration unit 21 (Fig. 1, 2), thus supporting the thickness of the dynamic gas layer of the protective atmosphere is constant.

The control unit 9 (Fig. 1) through an electric power supply 4 (Fig. 1) through current leads 3 (Fig. 1) to the consumable (Fig. 1, 2) and non-consumable 5 (Fig. 1) electrodes drop a voltage of 58 V, forming thus, an electric arc with a current consumption of 600 A while turning on the drives of the means for the continuous supply of dispersible copper 7 (Fig.1, 2). As a result of the electrothermal fusion of the end face of the copper consumable electrode 6 (Figs. 1, 2), the formation of the liquid phase and the vapor of the dispersible metal occurs. The liquid phase is a drop and spray of molten copper, with high speed bombarding the working surface of the inner element 10 (Fig.1, 2). Undergoing a collision with its surface at a speed of 700 to 1000 m / s, these discrete liquid copper structures are additionally crushed into much smaller liquid droplets captured by the working surface by the adsorption mechanism. Metal vapors form together with a hydrogen-helium gas mixture a thermodynamically nonequilibrium vapor-gas mixture, which actively affects the adsorbing properties of the working surface of the inner element 10 (Figs. 1, 2). The drops of copper melt located on the working surface of the inner element 10 (FIGS. 1, 2) agglomerate into liquid metal sphere-like monoformations, which, upon reaching a certain size, are exposed to the field of mechanical forces of the rotating inner element 10 (FIGS. 1, 2) and are thereby discarded from the working surface at an angle defined by the chamfer 16 (Fig.1, 2).

Due to local interaction with the working surface of the incoming copper melt in a gas-vapor medium also containing vapors of the same metal, as well as due to the intense bombardment of this surface by drops and splashes of molten copper having high kinetic energy on the working surface of the inner element 10 (Fig. 1, 2) there is no formation of a continuous layer of a skull, which, on the one hand, causes the automatic calibration of discrete liquid copper structures to a mono-droplet state, determined by the characteristics mi of said field and, with a second hand, entails leveling their kinetic energy with which the agglomerates of copper leaving the working volume of the chamber 22 (Figures 1, 2). Both of these factors subsequently contribute to the reduction of particle size distribution to 3% of reproducible product structuring during curing.

Information sources

1. Application of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2002125454/0, IPC ⁷ В 23 Р 17/06, “Method for the production of metal fiber and device for its implementation”, author Park Yang-Za, publ. 04/20/2004

2. A.S. USSR number 98050 dated November 21, 1950, class 49/3 "Device for producing metal powders", by A.S. Danilov.

Claims (6)

1. The means for dispersing metal, comprising a housing made in the form of a working chamber with a controlled temperature of a given section of the wall, a unit for forming a gas medium in the volume of the working chamber, an electric power source, at least two electrodes, and means for continuously supplying a dispersible metal, characterized the fact that it further comprises a horizontal rotation drive equipped with control and power systems, and the working chamber is made in the form of a composite cup formed by an external and internal elements, with an angle of inclination from the outside of the wall of the external element from 16 to 135 ° relative to the plane of rotation, and the composite cup is fastened to the bottom of the external element with a cooled rotation drive shaft in a horizontal plane, and the external element of the composite cup is made of metal with a groove for the passage of refrigerant wherein the inner element of the composite glass is made of high-temperature ceramic and is equipped with a chamfer formed on the upper edge of the glass at an angle from 2 to 68 ° relative to the plane rotation. 2. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the electrodes is non-expendable. 3. The tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the non-consumable electrode is connected to the external element of the composite glass. 4. The tool according to any one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the non-expendable electrode is introduced into the working volume of the chamber through the bottom of the high-temperature ceramic. 5. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas medium formation unit is provided with gas sources from a number of helium, argon, hydrogen, propane, butane, methane. 6. The tool according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the gas generation unit is equipped with a regeneration unit.

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