RU2272907C2 - Method and system for processing operation performing in well - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building, particularly to built and operate oil wells, namely to perform operations at predetermined depths.

SUBSTANCE: method involves arranging identification wireless set adapted to be uniquely identified on casing pipe collar at certain depth; conveying wireless set detection device through well along with processing device; transmitting reply signals by wireless set to identify the set and operating the processing device in response to wireless set detection. The identification information generated by wireless set concerns casing pipe collar marking and depth. Operation may include process selected from orifice punching proves, packer installation process, bridge plug installation process; well logging process, inspection process, chemical treatment processes, casing pipe patching process, jet cutting processes and cleaning processes. System to perform processing operations in well includes a number of identification tools spaced inside the well and arranged at certain depths, wherein each depth may be uniquely identified, and corresponding reader. Reader may be connected to processing device. System may also have conveying mechanism to move reader and processing device through well. Reader may comprise receiver for reply signal receiving and transmitter to transmit signals to identification wireless sets. Processing devices are perforation tool or packer installation tool. Reader may be linked with computer having monitor to display signals from reader.

EFFECT: increased accuracy of processing device installation in well.

10 cl, 22 dwg

Description

Field of Invention

The present invention relates generally to wells used in the production of fluids such as oil and gas. More specifically, this invention relates to a method and system for performing various operations and improving production in wells.

The current level of technology

Various operations are performed during drilling and completion of an underground well, as well as during the production of fluids from underground formations through a completed well. For example, various downhole operations are usually performed at some depth within the well, but are controlled from the surface.

The hole punching process is one type of downhole operation that is used to punch holes in a casing. The usual hole punching process is carried out by moving a perforating tool (eg, a perforating tool) in the casing in the casing section closest to the geological formation of interest. The perforating tool carries cumulative charges, which are detonated by a signal transmitted to the charges from the surface. The detonation of charges creates holes in the casing and concrete around the casing, which are then used to establish fluid communication between the geological formation and the inner diameter of the casing.

Another example of a downhole operation is the installation of packers inside the well casing to isolate a particular section of the well or a particular geological formation. In this case, the packer can be placed inside the casing in the well at the desired depth and then installed using a surface-controlled installation tool. Other downhole operations, considered as examples, include placing logging tools in a specific geological formation or at a certain depth inside the casing, as well as placing bridge plugs, casing patches, pipes and related tools in the casing.

One crucial aspect of any downhole operation involves determining the depth in the well where the operation is to be performed. Depth is usually determined using logging. Conventional well logging includes continuous readings from a logging tool and an axis that represents the depths in the well at which measurements were taken. Instrumental measurements measure rock characteristics such as natural gamma cure, electrical resistance, density, and acoustic properties. Using these rock characteristics within the borehole, geological formations of interest, such as oil and gas formations, can be identified. First, a well log is created as an “open hole”, which becomes the benchmark for all subsequent logs. After the casing is placed in the well, then a cased hole log is prepared and correlated, or linked to an open hole log.

Using logs and a positioning mechanism such as a cable line or coiled tubing connected to an odometer, the device can be placed at a desired depth inside the well and then actuated as required for the downhole operation. One problem with conventional logging and positioning methods is that it is difficult to accurately identify the depth of the tool and correlate this depth with the logs of the open hole.

The closest to the claimed invention in technical essence and achieved when using the result in terms of the method of performing a processing operation in a well is a method of performing operations in a well, comprising providing a first device in a well that is uniquely identified and located at a known depth in the well, providing a second device, configured to detect the first device in the well, transport the second device through the well, and control the operation in response t on the detection of the first device by the second device, while the first device is an identification radio device, because is capable of receiving signals in the form of electromagnetic waves with a frequency from 100 kHz to 500 MHz and sending signals, including a code identification signal, in the form of double-frequency electromagnetic waves, and the second device is a radio frequency transmitter that provides a transmission signal for reception by the first device, and a receiver receiving a response signal from the first device (US 6028534 A publ. 22.02.2000).

However, the known device does not provide the required accuracy in determining the depth of placement of the tool.

The closest to the claimed invention in technical essence and achieved when using the part of the well operation system is a well operation system containing a processing tool configured to transport through the well, a plurality of identification devices located inside the well at spaced intervals and known depths, a reader configured to transport through the well and receive identification signals The instrument for controlling the processing tool in response to signals of identification devices (Friedlander LY,-explosive equipment and its use in wells, Moscow, Nedra, 1985, s.176-178).

However, the known system for performing operations in the well is characterized by insufficient accuracy in determining the depth of placement of the tool.

The task underlying the claimed invention is to create a technical solution free from these disadvantages inherent in the said patent. The technical result achieved in the implementation of the claimed invention is to improve the accuracy of determining the depth of placement of the tool.

The task underlying the claimed invention in terms of a method of performing a processing operation in a well, with the achievement of the above result, is solved by the fact that in a known method of performing a processing operation in a well, including the location in the well at a known depth of an identifying radio device that is uniquely identified, transportation through the well of a second device configured to detect a radio device, transmitting response signals by the radio device for its identification and control operation in response to the detection of the radio device by the second device, the radio device is installed on the casing cuff, together with the second device the processing tool is transported through the well and the processing tool is controlled in response to the detection of the radio device by the second device, using information about the labeling of the cuff as identification information of the radio device casing string and depth;

- as well as the fact that the second device is a radio frequency transmitter, configured to provide a transmission signal for reception by the first device, and a receiver, configured to receive a response signal from the first device;

- and also the fact that the operation includes a process selected from the group consisting of hole punching processes, packer installation processes, bridge plug installation processes, logging processes, inspection processes, chemical processing processes, installation of patches on the casing, reactive processes cutting and cleaning processes.

The task underlying the claimed invention in terms of a system for performing operations in a well, with the achievement of the above result, is solved by the fact that in the known system for performing operations in a well containing a processing tool configured to transport through the well, a plurality of identification devices located inside wells at spaced intervals and at known depths, a reader configured to transport through the well receiving signals identifier control instrumentation of the processing tool in response to the signals of identification instruments, said instruments are identification radio devices configured to transmit response signals to a reader for uniquely identifying each radio device, wherein identification radio devices are mounted on cuffs of the well bore, and as identification information of each a radio device uses information about casing cuff marking and depth;

- as well as the fact that in the system the reader is attached to the processing tool;

- and also the fact that the system comprises a transport mechanism configured to move the processing tool and the reading device through the well;

- as well as the fact that in the system the reading device comprises a receiver for receiving response signals and a transmitter for transmitting transmission signals to identification radio devices;

- as well as the fact that in the system the processing tool is a perforating tool, and the control signal controls the process of punching holes;

- as well as the fact that the processing tool in the system is the packer installation tool, and the control signal controls the installation process of the packer element;

- as well as the fact that the system comprises a computer in signal communication with a reader, comprising a display controlled by signals from the reader.

Figure 1 shows the prior art hole punching process occurring in an oil and gas well 10. Well 10 includes a shaft drill 12 and a casing 14 inside a shaft drill 12 surrounded by concrete 16. The well 10 extends from the surface 18 of the earth through geological formations inside lands, which are represented as Zones A, B, and C. The casing 14 is formed by tubular elements, such as pipe sections connected to each other by cuffs 20. In this example, the tubular elements that form the casing 20 have a length about 40 feet, so that the cuffs 20 are spaced 40 feet apart. However, tubular elements of shorter lengths (e.g., 20 feet) can be interleaved with 40 feet to help determine depth. So, in FIG. 1, two of the casing cuffs 20 are spaced just 20 feet apart.

To perform the hole punching operation, the perforating tool 22 is lowered into the casing 14 on the cable line 24. The mast 24 and the pulleys 28 support the cable line 24, and the cable line unit 30 controls the cable line 24. The cable line unit 30 includes a drive mechanism 32, which lowers the cable line 24 and tool 22 into the well 10 and lifts the cable line 24 and tool 22 from the well 10 upon completion of the process. The cable line unit 30 also includes an odometer 34 that measures the length of the unwound cable line 24 as it lowers into the well 10 and equates this measurement with the depth of the tool 22 inside the well.

In the process of forming the well 10, a well log 36 of the open hole was prepared. An open hole log 36 includes various instrumental measurements, such as gamma radiation measurements 38 and spontaneous potential (SP) measurements 40, which are plotted as a function of depth in feet. For simplicity, only a portion of the open hole log 36 of about 7,000 to 7,220 feet is illustrated. However, in actual practice, the entire well 10 from the surface 18 to the bottom of the well 10 can be logged. The open hole log 36 allows a specialist to identify the oil and gas formations within the well 10 and the most productive intervals of these formations. For example, based on measurements of 38 gamma radiation and measurements of 40 SP, it is determined that Zone A may contain oil and gas reserves. Thus, it is desirable to punch holes in the casing 14 in its section closest to Zone A.

In addition to the open hole log 36, after placing the casing in the well 10, cased gamma radiation 44 is measured 44 and a casing log 42 can be prepared. A casing log 42 is also referred to as a UHF log (perforation depth control log). A casing log 42 may be used to identify the section of casing 14 closest to Zone A where holes are to be made.

Using methods and equipment that are known in the art, the casing log 42 may be accurately correlated or “linked” to the open hole log 36. However, using conventional positioning mechanisms, such as a cable line unit 30, it can be difficult to accurately position the perforating tool 22 to the desired depth inside the well. For example, factors such as tension, elongation due to thermal effects, sinusoidal and spiral bends, and deformation of the cable line 24 may affect the odometer reading and the accuracy of the odometer reading relative to the odometer reading in the open hole.

Thus, as shown in FIG. 1, the odometer readings that indicate the depth of the perforating tool 22 may not be equal to the actual depths that are reflected in the open hole log 36 and the casing log 42. In this example, the odometer readings differ from the depths identified in the casing log 36 and the casing log 42 42 by approximately 40 feet. In this situation, when the perforating tool 22 is started, in the section of the casing 20 closest to Zone A, the holes can be punched only partially or not at all.

Due to these inaccuracies in the positioning of the tools in the current level of technology, correlating methods for joint logging and wireline logging have been developed. For example, one method in the state of the art uses electronic joint sensors and an electrically conductive cable line to determine the lengths between the joints and to correlate the cable odometer readings with the casing logs. Although these correlated methods for wireline and wireline logging are accurate, they are expensive and time consuming. In particular, additional people and equipment on the surface and the cost of an additional meter of cable line are required.

In addition to inaccuracies in instrument positioning, computational errors also introduce inaccuracies in depth calculations. For example, a device operator may make calculation errors by thinking of a single number (for example, 7100), when the actual number may differ (7010). Also, the tool operator can position the tool by compensating for the desired value in the upstream direction, while in reality the downstream direction should be used. These computational errors are associated with fatigue, weather, and communication problems at the well site.

It would be desirable to obtain accurate depth readings for downhole tools without the need for complex and expensive methods for logging joints and wireline logging. In addition, it would be desirable to control downhole operations and processes without having to rely on inaccurate depth readings combined with computational errors. The present invention is directed to an improved method and system for performing operations and processes in wells, in which the depths of downhole tools are accurately determined and used to control operations and processes.

Another limitation of conventional downhole operations, which depend on depth measurements, is that downhole tools must first be positioned in the well and then powered from the surface. This requires additional time and effort from people working in the well. In addition, surface actuation attracts additional equipment and operation variables. It would be very beneficial to be able to manage downhole operations without the need to bring downhole tools into action from the surface. With the present invention, the driving of downhole tools can be carried out at the desired depth.

SUMMARY OF INVENTIONS

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method and system for performing various operations in wells and improving production in wells. Examples of operations that can be performed using this method include hole punching processes, packer installation processes, bridge plug installation processes, logging processes, inspection processes, chemical processing processes, casing patch processes, reactive processes cutting and cleaning processes. Each of these processes when performed in the well in accordance with this method improves the well and improves production from the well.

In an illustrative embodiment, the method is used to perform the process of punching holes in an oil and gas well. The well includes a shaft drill and a well casing extending from the surface of the earth or the seabed into various geological zones within the earth. The well casing includes pipe sections connected together with the casing cuffs.

The method includes an initial operation of providing identification devices spaced along the length of the well casing. Identification devices may contain active or passive identification radio devices installed on each casing of the well casing. Each radio identification tool is uniquely identified and its depth or position inside the well is precisely set by correlation with the well logs. Similarly, each casing collar is uniquely identified by the radio identification contained therein, and a well record is established including the depth of each casing collar and an identification device.

The method also includes the operation of providing a reader and a transport mechanism for moving the reader through the well casing close to the identification devices. In an illustrative embodiment, the reader includes a radio frequency transmitter and a receiver configured to provide transmission signals for reception with identification devices. Identification devices are configured to receive transmission signals and transmit response signals back to the reader. The transport mechanism for the reader may include a cable line, a system of pipes, spiral pipes, a robotic mechanism, a liquid transport mechanism, such as a pump or fan, a free fall installation or a controlled fall installation, such as a parachute.

In addition to transmitting and receiving signals from identification devices, the reader is also configured to transmit control signals to control the processing tool as a function of response signals from identification devices. For example, a reader can control a perforating tool configured to punch holes in a casing. Specifically, the reader and the punch tool can be transported together through the casing past the identification devices. In addition, the reader may be programmed to transmit a control signal for detonating the perforating tool after receiving a response signal from an identification device located at a predetermined depth or position within the well. In other words, the reader can be programmed to control a perforating tool in response to the detection of a particular identification device.

As other examples, the reader may be configured to control installation devices for packers, bridge plugs, or casing patches, control tool measurements from logging tools, and control reactive cutters and the like. Using the method of the invention, the real depth of the processing tool can be determined in real time by the reader using response signals from identification devices. Accordingly, there is no need to find out the depth of the tool using the odometer and expensive logging methods. In addition, the operator’s computational errors are reduced since real depth readings can be obtained without the need for additional calculations. Further, for some processes, it is not necessary to transmit a signal to the surface, since the reader can be programmed to control the process in situ inside the well.

However, it should be understood that the method of the invention can also be practiced by transmitting control signals from a reader to a control device or computer on the surface, and controlling the processing tool using a control device or computer. In addition, the control of the processing tool can be performed dynamically when the processing tool moves through the well with the reader, or statically by stopping the processing tool at the desired depth. Further, the method according to the invention can be used to control a multi-stage process or to control a tool configured to carry out many processes. For example, a combined packer and hole punching tool may implement packer and hole punching processes as a function of real depth readings obtained using the method of the invention.

In an illustrative embodiment, the system includes identification devices mounted on casing cuffs at intervals along the length of the well casing. These identification devices include a programmable element, such as a transceiver chip, for receiving and storing identification information, such as marking the casing cuff and depth. Each identification device can be implemented as a passive device, as an active device having an antenna, or as a passive device that can be placed in an active state by transmitting signals through well fluids.

The system also includes a reader and a processing tool adapted to be transported through the well casing. In addition to the receiver and transmitter, the reader includes one or more programmable memory devices, such as semiconductor chips, configured to receive and store information. The reader device also includes a power source, such as a surface power line or battery. In addition, the reader includes a telemetry circuit for transmitting control signals that can be used to control the processing tool, and to provide depth information and other information to operators and equipment on the surface. The system may also include a computer configured to receive and process control signals and provide and store information in a graphic or other form for operators and equipment of wells. Further, the system may include a control device configured to process control signals to control the processing tool and various process equipment. The control device may be located on the surface or on the processing tool to provide a closed system. The system can also be transported to the well site as a set, and then assembled at the well site.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is a conditional diagram of a downhole operation from the existing level of technology, performed using well logging and odometer readings from the tool positioning mechanism.

Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating the operations of a method for controlling a hole punching process in a well of the invention.

3A and 3B are schematic cross-sectional views showing a system constructed in accordance with the invention for conducting a hole punching process.

FIG. 3C is an enlarged portion of FIG. 3B taken along section line 3C illustrating a perforating tool of the system.

3D is an enlarged portion of FIG. 3A taken along a 3D sectional line illustrating a reader and an identification device of a system.

FIG. 3E is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the section line 3E in FIG. 3D illustrating a portion of the reader.

3F is a front and side view of an alternative embodiment of an active reader and a threaded mounting device.

4A is an electrical diagram of a system.

4B is a view of a computer screen for a computer system.

5A and 5B are schematic views illustrating exemplary separator elements between for spacing a system reader and a system punch tool.

6A-6D are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating various alternative embodiments of transport mechanisms for a system.

7A and 7B are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating an alternative embodiment of a system constructed in accordance with the invention for performing a packer installation process in a well.

Fig. 7C is an enlarged part of Fig. 7A taken along section line 7C illustrating a threaded connection of a pipe chain of an alternative embodiment of the system.

Figa-8C are conditional cross-sectional views showing an alternative implementation of a multi-stage method and system for the combined execution of the processes of installing the packer and punching holes according to the invention.

Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiment

Figure 2 illustrates major steps in a method for controlling an operation or process in an underground well in accordance with the invention. The method, considered broadly, includes the following operations:

A. Providing a processing tool.

B. Providing a reader in signal communication with a processing tool.

C. Providing a transport mechanism for the processing tool and reader.

D. Providing identification devices spaced in the casing of a well readable by a reader.

E. Unique identification of each identification device and determination of its depth or position in the well using well logging.

F. Programming the reader to transmit the control signal to the processing tool after receiving the response signal from the selected identification device.

G. Transportation of the processing tool and reader through the casing of the well.

H. Reading identification devices with a reader.

I. Transmission of the control signal to the processing tool after receiving a signal from the selected identification device to actuate the processing tool at a selected depth.

3A-3 illustrate a system 50 constructed in accordance with the invention. System 50 is installed in an underground well 52, such as an oil and gas well. In this embodiment, the system 50 is configured to conduct a hole punching process in a well 52. The hole punching process performed in accordance with the invention provides an improved well 52 and improves production from the well 52.

Well 52 includes a shaft drill 54 and a casing 56 inside a shaft drill 54 surrounded by concrete 58. Well 52 extends from the surface 60 of the earth through geological formations within the earth, which are represented by Zones E, F, and G. The surface 60 of the earth may be earth or alternatively such a structure as an oil platform located above the water. In an exemplary embodiment, well 52 extends substantially vertically from surface 60 through Zones E, F, and G. However, it should be understood that the method can also be practiced on deviated wells and horizontal wells.

The casing 56 contains a plurality of tubular elements 62, such as metal pipes connected to each other by cuffs 64. The casing 56 has an inner diameter adapted to transfer fluid inward or outward from the well 52 and an outer diameter surrounded by concrete 58. The cuffs 64 may contain couplings with an internal thread adapted to be fastened with an external thread on the tubular elements 62. Alternatively, the cuffs 64 may include weldable couplings adapted for welding with tubular elements 62.

In an illustrative embodiment, the casing 56 is also illustrated as having the same outer diameter and inner diameter along its entire length. However, it should be understood that the casing 56 may vary in size at various depths in the well 52, which will occur due to the assembly of tubular elements of different diameters. For example, casing 56 may comprise a telescopic structure in which size decreases as depth increases.

Based on the well log of the open hole (key 36 in FIG. 1) or other information, it is determined that zone F of the well 52 may contain oil and gas. Thus, it is required to punch holes in the casing 56 near Zone F to establish fluid communication between Zone F and the inner diameter of the casing 56 of the well.

To perform the punching process, the system 50 includes a perforating tool 68 and a reader 70 in signal communication with the perforating tool 68. The system 50 also includes a plurality of identification devices 72 (FIG. 3D) attached to the cuffs 64 on the casing 56 and read by the reader 70. In addition, the system 50 includes a transport mechanism 66W for transporting the perforating tool 68 and the reading device 70 through the well casing 56 to the Zone F. If required, the system 50 can be delivered to the well 52 as a set and then assembled in the well 52.

As shown in FIG. 3C, the perforating tool 68 includes a detonator 74 (shown schematically) and a detonator cord 76 in signal communication with the detonator 74. The detonator 74 may include a commercially available shock or electric detonator configured to actuate it by a signal from reading devices 70. Similarly, detonator cord 76 may include a commercially available component. The detonator 74 and the detonator cord 76 are configured to generate and apply threshold detonating energy to initiate the detonating sequence of the perforating tool 68. In an illustrative embodiment, the detonator 74 is located on or within the perforating tool 68.

As shown in FIG. 3C, the perforating tool 68 also includes one or more charge carriers 78, each of which contains a plurality of charging devices 80. The charge carriers 78 and charging devices 80 may be similar to or constructed from commercially available hole punching tools. In detonation, each charging unit 80 is adapted to blow a hole 82 through the casing 56 and concrete 58 and inward into the rock or other material that forms Zone F.

As shown in FIG. 3D, each sleeve 64 includes an identification device 72. Each identification device 72 may be attached to an elastic ring seal 86 located in a groove 84 within each sleeve 64.

In an illustrative embodiment, the identification devices 72 comprise passive radio identification devices (PIRPs) (PRIDs). PIRPs are commercially available and widely used in applications such as identification of goods in stores and books in libraries. PIRP include a circuit that is configured to resonate after receiving radio frequency energy from a radio transmission of the corresponding frequency and intensity. Passive PIRPs do not require a power source, since the energy received from the transmission signal provides energy for the PIRP to transmit a response signal during the reception of the transmission signal.

The identification device 72 includes an integrated microcircuit, such as a transceiver microcircuit, having the properties of a storage device. This integrated circuit may be configured to receive RF (radio frequency) signals for encoding and storing data based on the signals. During the data encoding operation, each identification device 72 may be uniquely identified, so that each cuff 64 is also uniquely identified. This identification information is shown at C1-C8 in FIGS. 3A and 3B. In addition, the depth of each cuff 64 can be determined using well logging, as previously explained and shown in FIG. The depth information can then be correlated with the identification information encoded in the identification device 72. Thus, a record can be created that identifies each cuff 64 and its actual depth in the well 52.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3F, the identification device 72 may be in the form of an active device having a separate power source, such as a battery. In addition, the identification device 72A may include an antenna 89 for transmitting signals. Alternatively, an identification device (not shown) may be configured to transmit signals through a well fluid or other transmission medium within the well 52. Such an identification device is further described in the aforementioned patent application No. 09/286650, which is incorporated herein by reference.

As shown also in FIG. 3F, the identification device 72A may be contained in the threaded installation device 87. The threaded installation device 87 may comprise a rigid non-conductive material, such as plastic. The threaded installation device 87 is configured to screw in the middle parts of the casing sleeve 64 (FIG. 3D) and held between adjacent tubular elements of the casing 56. The threaded installation device 87 includes a groove 91 around the entire circumference for the antenna 89 and a protrusion 93 for identification instrument 72A. If necessary, the antenna 89 and the identification device 72A can be held in the groove 91 and the protrusion 93 using adhesive or a suitable clip.

3E, the reader 70 is shown in more detail. The reader 70 is configured to transmit RF transmission signals at a selected frequency to the identification devices 72 and to receive response RF signals from the identification devices 72. In this case, the reader 70 includes a base element 77 having a transmitter 73 configured to transmit transmission signals of the first frequency to the identification devices 72. The reader 70 includes a receiver 71 on the base element 77, configured to receive signals of the second frequency from the identifier Stationary appliances 72.

Preferably, the transmitter 73 is configured to provide relatively weak transmission signals such that only the identification device 72 in the immediate vicinity (e.g., one foot) from the reader 70 receives the transmission signals. Alternatively, the antenna of the reader 70 may be configured to provide highly directional transmission signals such that the transmission signals emanate exactly horizontally from the reader 70. Accordingly, transmission signals from the reader 70 are received only by a single identification device 72 when the readers are in the immediate vicinity of a single identification device 72.

In addition to the transmitter 73 and receiver 71, the reader 70 includes a case 79 made of a non-conductive material, such as plastic or fiberglass. The reader 70 also includes o-rings 75 on the base member 77 for sealing the case 79 and a lid member 81 attached to the base member 77 that attaches the case 79 to the base member 77. In addition, the reader 70 includes spacer members 83 formed from a non-conductive material, such as ferrite, ceramic, or plastic, which separate the transmitter 73 and receiver 71 from the base member 77. In an illustrative embodiment, the base member 77 is typically cylindrical in shape And the spacer elements 83 comprise a holder with a cross section in the form of a crescent or contour.

4A shows an electrical diagram for a system 50. As conventionally shown, each identification device 72 includes a memory 110 in the form of a chip of a programmable integrated circuit, such as a transceiver chip, configured to receive and store identification information. As explained above, the identification information may uniquely identify each casing sleeve 64 with an alphanumeric, digital, or other designation. In addition, using pre-prepared well logs, the depth of each uniquely identified casing sleeve 64 can be determined.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the reader 70 includes a transmitter 73 for transmitting transmission signals to the identification devices 72 and a receiver 71 for receiving response signals from the identification devices 72. The reader 70 may be powered by a suitable power source, such as a battery or a source food on the surface. In addition, the reader 70 includes a memory 112, such as one or more integrated circuit chips, configured to receive and store programming information. The reader 70 also includes a telemetry circuit 114 configured to transmit control signals in digital or other form using software 116 to the control device 118, or alternatively, to a computer 122.

It is understood that software 116 may be included in control device 118 or computer 122. In addition, computer 122 may include a portable device, such as a laptop, that can be pre-programmed and delivered to the well site. Also, as will be explained later, the computer 122 may include a display for displaying information received from the reader 70. The control device 118 or computer 122 interacts with a tool control circuit 120 that is configured to control the punch tool 68 as required.

In an illustrative embodiment, the tool control circuit 120 is in signal communication with the detonator 74 (FIG. 3C) of the punch tool 68. The tool control circuit 120 may be located on the punch tool 68, on the reader 70, or on the surface. The reader 70 is programmed to transmit control signals to the tool control circuit 120 as a function of the response signals received from the identification devices 72. For example, in the hole punching process shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, connection C4 is located near the upper level or entry point to the Zone F. Since it is desirable to actuate the perforating tool 68 when it is in zone F, the reader 70 may be programmed to transmit actuation control signals via c a tool control circuit 120 to a detonator 74 (FIG. 3C) when this device passes connection C4 and receives response signals from an identification device 72 contained in connection C4. Since the C4 joint is uniquely identified by the identification tool 72 contained therein and the C4 joint depth is previously identified using well logs, hole punching can be started in real time when the punch tool 68 passes the C4 joint and enters the casing section 56 of the well closest to Zone F.

However, in order to ensure that the detonating sequence is started at the right time, additional factors must be considered. For example, the perforating tool 68 and the reader 70 can be transported through the well casing 56 at a certain speed (V). In addition, the reader 70 requires a certain period of time (T1) for transmitting transmission signals to the identification device 72 at connection C4 and receiving response signals from the identification device 72 at connection C4. In addition, a certain period of time (T2) is required to transmit signals to the tool control circuit 120 and to the detonator 74 (Fig. 3C). Further, the charging units 80 require a certain period of time (T3) before detonation, explosion and punching of the hole in the casing 56 occurs. All of these factors can be taken into account when determining which identification device 72 and in which casing sleeve 64 will be used to cause the reader 70 to transmit driving control signals through the tool control circuit 120 to the detonator 74 (FIG. 3C).

To ensure proper synchronization for the detonating sequence, the speed (V) of the punch tool 68 and the reader 70 can be selected as required. In addition, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the spacer member 88 can be used to take the perforating tool 68 from the reader 70 to a predetermined distance (D). As shown in FIG. 5A, the perforating tool 68 may be located above the reader 70 (i.e. closer to the surface 60), or alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5B, may be lower than the reader 70 (i.e. further from the surface 60).

As an alternative to the dynamic detonating sequence, the perforating tool 68 can stop when the desired depth is reached, and the static detonating sequence is executed. For example, the reader 70 may be programmed to send a stop signal to the punch tool 68 when it reaches connection C6. In this case, the signal from the reader 70 can be used to control the cable line pulley 92 and stop the cable line 90. Detonating and detonating sequences can be triggered by signals from the tool control circuit 120 when the punch tool 68 is stationary at a desired depth.

As shown in FIG. 4B, signals from the reader 70 can be used to generate a visual display 124, such as a computer screen 122, that can be viewed by an operator on the surface. The display 124 is called “Real Depth Systems” (TDS) and includes a power source for supplying power to the reader 70 and other components of the system. The display 124 also includes a “Depth Meter”, which shows the depth of the reader 70 (or punch tool 68) inside the well 52. The display 124 also includes “Alarm indicators”, including the “Top of the Alarm” indicator, and the “bottom alarm” indicator wells "and indicator" Explosive device ". "Alarm indicators" are similar to stoplights with green, yellow and red colors for displaying changing states.

The display 124 also includes “Power Indicators” comprising a power indicator “Actual Depth Reader”, a power indicator “Actual Depth Coding Device”, and a power indicator “System Monitor”. In addition, the display includes various “Digital Indicators”. For example, the Linear Speed digital indicator shows the speed at which the reader 70 and the punch tool 68 are transported through the well casing 56. The digital indicator “Coded Depth” shows the depth of each identification device 72 when the reader 70 passes the identification devices 72. The “Real Depth” indicator shows the actual depth of the reader 70 in real time when it is transported through the well casing 56.

The display 124 also includes an “IDGS” indicator (real depth system identifier), which shows an identification number for each identification device 72. In addition, the display 124 includes an “AWG Description” indicator, which further describes each identification device 72 (e.g. position in a specific component or area). Display 124 also includes a Time indicator, which can be used as a time drive (forward or backward) for demonstration or re-viewing. Finally, the display includes an “API log” indicator that shows log information such as gamma or SP measurements from the previously described well logs correlated with the “Digital Indicators” in depth.

Returning to FIGS. 3A and 3B, in the embodiment shown therein, the transport mechanism 66W includes a cable line 90 driven by a cable line pulley 92, substantially the same as previously described and shown in FIG. 1. The cable line 90 may include a sliding line, an electric line, a braided line or spiral pipes. If the control device 118 or computer 122 is located on the surface 60, the cable line 90 can be used to establish a signal connection between the reader 70 and the control device 118 or computer 122.

FIGS. 6A-6D show an alternative embodiment of transport mechanisms for transporting a perforating tool 68 and a reader 70 through a casing 56. In FIG. 6A, a transport mechanism 66P includes a pump for pumping a transport fluid through an inner diameter of the casing 56. The injected transport fluid then conveys perforating tool 68 and reader 70 through casing 56. In FIG. 6B, transport mechanism 66R includes one or more robotic devices, sec captured to the punch tool 68 and the reader 70 and configured to transport the punch tool 68 and the reader 70 through the casing 56. In FIG. 6C, the transport mechanism 66G uses gravity (G) so that the punch tool 68 and the reader 70 are free fall through the casing 56. Free fall can be through the well fluid inside the casing 56 or through the air inside the well 56. In FIG. 6D, the transport mechanism 66PA includes a parachute that controls a rate of lowering the perforating tool 68 and reader device 70 in the hole 56. Again, the parachute can operate in a well fluid, or in air contained in the casing 56.

7A-7C illustrate an alternative embodiment of a system 50A constructed in accordance with the present invention. System 50A is installed in an underground well 52A, such as an oil and gas well. In this embodiment, system 50A is configured to perform a packer installation process in well 52A.

Well 52A includes a shaft drill 54A and a casing 56A inside a shaft drill 54A surrounded by concrete 58A. The casing 56A comprises a plurality of tubular elements 62A, such as metal pipes connected to each other by cuffs 64A. Well 52A extends from the surface 60A of the earth through geological formations within the earth, which are represented as Zones H and I.

To complete the packer installation process, the system 50A includes a packer installation device 68A, a pump device 98A for a packer installation tool 68A, and a reader 70A in signal communication with the packer installation tool 68A. In this embodiment, the pump device 98A is located on the surface 60A, so that a wire or other signal transmission medium must be provided between the packer installation device 68 and the pump device 98A. The packer installation tool 68A may include an inflatable packer element designed to be inflated by the pump device 98A and configured to tightly engage with the inner diameter of the casing 56A. 7B, the inflated packer element of the packer installation tool 68A is inflated to seal the inner diameter of the casing 56A in the vicinity of Zone I.

The system 50A also includes a plurality of identification devices 72 (FIG. 3D) attached to the cuffs 64A on the casing 56A and read by the reader 70A. In addition, the system 50A includes a transport mechanism 66A for transporting the packer installation device 68A and the reader 70A through the well casing 56A to Zone I. In this embodiment, the transport mechanism 66A comprises a pipe string formed by tubular members 102A. As shown in FIG. 7C, each tubular member 102A includes a male joint portion 94A and a female joint portion 96A at the opposite end. This allows the tubular elements 102A to be bonded to each other to form a transport mechanism 66A. In addition, the packer installation device 68A may include a central mandrel in fluid communication with the inside diameter of the transport mechanism 66A.

The reader 70A is programmed to transmit a control signal to the pump device 72 (FIG. 3D). For example, during the installation of the packer shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the connection C4A is located near the upper level or entry point to Zone I. Since it is desirable to pump the packer packer element of the packer installation device 68A when it is near Zone I, the device 70A The reader may be programmed to transmit a control signal to the packer installation device 68A when it reaches connection C4A. In this embodiment, the spacer member 88A separates the packer setter 68A from the reader 70A. In addition, the packer installation device 68A is located lower within the well relative to the reader 70A.

To ensure that the installation sequence of the packer is started at the right time, additional factors must be considered, as explained earlier. These factors may include the speed (V) of the packer installation device 68A and the reader 70A, the time required to pump the inflated packer element of the packer installation device 68A. Alternatively, the packer installation device 68A may be stopped at a particular connection (e.g., connection C5A) and then pumped as required. In this case, the reader 70A may be programmed to transmit control signals to the display 124 (FIG. 4B) on the surface 60A when the packer installation device 68A passes the connection 64A at the desired depth. An operator can control the pump device 98A to start pumping the packer installation device 98A. Alternatively, the pumping sequence may begin automatically with the tool control circuit 120 (FIG. 4A).

In each of the described processes, the method of the invention provides an improved well. For example, in the hole punching process of FIGS. 3A and 3B in the well 52, holes can be punched in a selected zone or in a selected portion of a selected zone. Production from the well 52 is thus optimized and the well 52 is capable of producing more liquid media, in particular oil and gas.

On figa-8C shows a multi-stage operation performed in accordance with the method according to the invention. Initially, as shown in FIG. 8A, a combination tool 130 is provided. This combination tool 130 includes a packer setting device 132 and a perforating tool 134, which function mainly as previously described for the packer setting device 68A (FIG. 7B), and perforating tool 68 (figa), described previously. In addition, the combination tool 130 includes a reader 70, and the casing 56 includes identification devices 72 (FIG. 3D), substantially similar to those previously described. As also shown in FIG. 8A, the combination tool 130 is transported through the casing 56 using the gravity transport mechanism 66G. Alternatively, any of the transport mechanisms described above may be used.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8B, the packer setting device 132 is actuated so that the inflated packer element of the device 132 seals the casing 56 at a desired depth. In this embodiment, the packer installation device 132 is a self-contained unit with an integrated pump source. As with the previously described embodiments, the reader 70 provides control signals for controlling the packer installation device 132 and the packer installation process. For example, the inflated packer element of the packer installation device 132 may be inflated when the reader 70 passes the selected connection 64 and receives a response from the identification device 72 contained within the selected connection 64. As also shown in FIG. 8B, the punch tool 134 is detached from the device 132 installation of the packer and continues to fall freely through the casing 56.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8C, the perforating tool 134 is controlled so that the detonating and explosive sequences begin essentially the same as previously described. Again, the reader 70 provides control signals for controlling the punch tool 134 to start the detonating and explosive sequences at the proper depth. As shown by the dashed arrows in FIG. 8C, the explosion of the charging units 80 (FIG. 3C) of the perforating tool 134 forms holes in the casing 56 and concrete 58.

Thus, the invention provides a method and system for performing various operations or processes in wells and improving well production. Although the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, certain changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

 1. A method of performing a processing operation in a well, including arranging in a well at a known depth of an identifying radio device that is uniquely identified, transporting a second device through the well that is capable of detecting the radio device, transmitting response signals to the radio device for its identification, and controlling the operation in response to detecting the radio device the second device, characterized in that the radio device is installed on the casing cuff, together with the second device tr nsportiruyut through the well tool processing and control processing tool in response to detection Radiopribor second device, wherein the identification information as the information on the use Radiopribor labeling casing collar and depth. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second device is a radio frequency transmitter configured to provide a transmission signal for reception by the first device, and a receiver configured to receive a response signal from the first device. 3. The method according to claim 1, in which the operation includes a process selected from the group consisting of hole punching processes, packer installation processes, bridge plug installation processes, logging processes, inspection processes, chemical processing processes, installation of casing patches pipe, reactive cutting processes and cleaning processes. 4. A system for performing a processing operation in a well, comprising a processing tool configured to be transported through the well, a plurality of identification devices located within the well at spaced intervals and known depths, a reading device configured to transport through the well, receiving signals from the identification devices for control processing tool in response to the signals of identification devices, characterized in that the said devices are identifiable Discount radio devices, adapted to transmit response signals to the reader device for uniquely identifying each radio devices, wherein the identification radio devices mounted on the cuffs of the well casing, and as identification information of each Radiopribor use the information on the labeling of casing collar and depth. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the reader is attached to the processing tool. 6. The system according to claim 4, further containing a transport mechanism configured to move the processing tool and the reading device through the well. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein the reader includes a receiver for receiving response signals and a transmitter for transmitting transmission signals to the identification radio devices. 8. The system according to claim 4, in which the processing tool is a perforating tool, and the control signal controls the process of punching holes. 9. The system of claim 4, wherein the processing tool is a packer installation tool, and a control signal controls the installation process of the packer element. 10. The system according to claim 4, comprising a computer in signal communication with a reader, comprising a display generated by signals from a reader.

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