RU2271855C2 - Device for separation of the gases by adsorption - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: gas-processing industry; petrochemical industry; devices for separations of the gases by adsorption.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the devices for separation of gases by adsorption. The device contains: a body with a placed in it layer of a sorbent; an aid for contraction of the sorbent layer; a ring and a rigid filter screen. The aid of contraction is made in the form of the elastic chamber and is mounted on the ring. The ring rests on the filter screen placed on the sorbent layer. The invention ensures a qualitative contraction of the sorbent layer in the body of the adsorber during operation, transportation and storage.

EFFECT: the invention ensures a qualitative contraction of the sorbent layer in the body of the adsorber during operation, transportation and storage.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for gas separation by adsorption.

A device for gas separation by adsorption is known, comprising a housing, a granular zeolite layer placed in the housing, and a compressed zeolite layer system (US patent No. 4997465, IPC B 01 D 53/04, 1991).

The zeolite layer preloading system comprises a radially stretched element providing compression of the zeolite layer between this element and the longitudinal wall of the housing.

The stretchable element is a rubber or other elastomeric bag, or sleeve, mounted on a hollow tube passing through the center of the body or zeolite layer. The pressure in the stretchable element is transmitted through the holes in the tube. The magnitude of this pressure is determined by the pressure of the gaseous medium.

The stretchable element can be made in the form of a spherical bag placed in the central part of the zeolite layer. In this case, the compression forces of the layer are distributed in three dimensions.

The structural embodiment of the device allows to limit the mobility and fluidization of zeolite particles in the layer and, thereby, to eliminate the destruction of particles in the layer.

The disadvantages of this device include the following:

- the proposed device does not provide the necessary compression of the sorbent layer in large diameter adsorbers;

- in the section located at the level of the attachment points of the stretched element, the preload is not provided;

- during operation, the surface of the stretched element can take any complex shape, which can lead to the formation of inoperative zones of the sorbent, unpredictable changes in the linear velocity of the gas along the height of the adsorber and, as a result, the quality of the sorption process.

A device for gas separation by adsorption is known, comprising a housing located in the housing between the perforated walls, an annular adsorbent layer and a system for compressing the adsorbent layer (EPO application No. 0820798, IPC B 01 D 53/047, 1998). The system for pressing the adsorbent layer includes a flexible bag located in the upper part of the adsorbent layer and sealed at the edges with clamping devices. The bag is under pressure that occurs in the upper cavity of the device under the lid and exceeds the maximum cycle pressure. A compressible sponge material is placed on the upper part of the adsorbent layer. Compression of this material by a pressurized bag provides a limitation of the sorbent layer in the upper corners.

The system of preloading the sorbent layer ensures the pressure of the layer under all process conditions and prevents sorbent fluidization.

The disadvantages of this device include the following:

- the presented device operates only during operation of the adsorber and does not provide compression of the sorbent layer during storage and transportation;

- it is impossible to control during operation the pressure difference in the preload system and in the sorbent layer, which can lead to insufficient preload force or, conversely, crushing of the sorbent particles in the upper layer.

The technical result of the invention is the provision of high-quality compression of the sorbent layer in the adsorber housing during operation, transportation and storage.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for separating gases by adsorption, comprising a housing with a sorbent layer and a means for compressing the layer, further comprises a ring and a rigid strainer, and the means for compressing is made in the form of an elastic chamber and is mounted on the ring, and the ring rests on a filter placed on a sorbent layer.

This design provides the necessary force to compress the sorbent layer, which can be controlled by changing the pressure in the elastic chamber both during operation and during transportation and storage.

The ability to place the preload in different sections of the adsorber height allows it to be used in adsorbers with any height of the sorbent layer. Placing the elastic chamber on the ring, which, in turn, rests on a rigid filter, allows you to evenly distribute the compressive force over the entire surface area of the sorbent layer.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

figure 1 - design of the adsorber;

figure 2 - the location of the preload at the top of the adsorber;

figure 3 - the location of the preload at the bottom of the adsorber;

figure 4 - the simultaneous location of the preload at the top and bottom of the adsorber;

figure 5 - the location of the preload on the height of the adsorber.

The device for separating gases contains a housing 12, upper and lower covers (flanges) 8, attached to the housing with fasteners in the fastening places 10. For sealing between the covers of the adsorber and the housing, rubber gaskets are provided 11. The covers of the adsorber 8 have fittings 7 for entry ( output) of the working gas. A fitting with a non-return valve 5 is installed in the adsorber housing. In various versions, fittings 6 and an overpressure valve 13 can be installed in the housing and the covers of the adsorber.

In the case of the adsorber is a layer of sorbent 1, the antifluidization of which is carried out by means of a preload. The preload means consists of (see Fig. 1) an elastic chamber 9 installed on the platform 4, made in the form of a ring. Ring 4 rests on a rigid strainer 2, which is in contact with the sorbent layer. In the Central part of the elastic chamber is placed the nozzle cover with a filter system 3.

The preload tool can be installed at the bottom or top of the adsorber, simultaneously in the upper and lower parts of the adsorber or in any other place along the height of the adsorber (see Fig.2-5). In the case of the location of the preloading means along the height of the adsorber, the ring 4 and the rigid strainer 2 are installed on both sides of the elastic chamber 9.

The location of the preload means may be selected based on:

- convenience equipment adsorber sorbent;

- eliminating the formation of so-called "voltage bridges" in bulk solids when pressure is applied to them;

- sufficient preload force at various heights of the sorbent layer.

The connection of the elastic chamber 9 with an air supply (not shown) is carried out through a fitting with a check valve 5 installed in the housing of the adsorber 12.

Various methods of creating pressure in the elastic chamber 9 (from an external power source, from a compressor supplying an adsorber, with an adjustable overpressure valve), regardless of the pressure in the adsorber, allow creating the necessary preload force, which is sufficient to exclude fluidization of the sorbent layer, on the one hand, and compensate for the volume expansion and compression of the sorbent during its operation.

The need for high-quality preloading of the sorbent layer is due to possible movements of the sorbent particles during operation, storage and transportation of the adsorber. The friction of particles against each other leads to mechanical destruction of the sorbent, the formation of dust and the failure of the adsorber. The movement of the particles of the sorbent cause:

- pressure drops at the stage of sorption and desorption of gas;

- vibration loads, etc.

In addition, after the equipment of the adsorber, a change in the height of the sorbent layer (shrinkage) due to temperature exposure and vibration is possible.

The implementation of the preload device in the form of an elastic chamber allows you to adjust the amount of preload force, excluding the mutual movement of the sorbent particles, on the one hand, and providing the necessary change in the volume of the sorbent layer at the stages of sorption and desorption, on the other.

The air that creates pressure in the elastic chamber 9 comes from any source of compressed air (not shown) through the valve 5, while the air quality can be any, since the volume of the chamber 9 does not mate with the space of the adsorber. Expanding under air pressure, the chamber 9 transfers the force to the ring 4 and, further, to the rigid mesh filter 2. The filter 2 evenly distributes the force from the chamber 9 over the entire layer of sorbent 1. At the same time, the filter 2 eliminates the possibility of particles of the sorbent entering the preload means.

When changing the operating conditions and storage of the adsorber, excess air from the chamber 9 can be removed through the nozzle 6. The process of maintaining the necessary air pressure in the chamber 9 can be automated by introducing a valve, which is regulated by the testimony, (figure 1, dashed line).

In order to increase the safety of operation and storage of the adsorber in the preload device, an overpressure valve 13 is provided that limits the maximum pressure in the chamber 9.

Claims (1)

A device for separating gases by adsorption, comprising a housing with a sorbent layer placed therein and means for compressing the sorbent layer, characterized in that it contains a ring and a rigid strainer, the compression means being made in the form of an elastic chamber and mounted on the ring, and the ring is supported by a filter, placed on a sorbent layer.

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