RU2269928C2 - Method and device for measuring electric skin resistance in acupuncture points - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method involves applying measuring electrode to an acupuncture point and one or two indifferent electrodes away from the point, creating measuring current from power supply source in electric series circuit composed of two calibrated resisters of known resistance and skin area between measuring and indifferent electrode, determining voltage drop from measuring current on electric circuit segment having the first calibrated resister and electric skin resistance of acupuncture point and calculating electric skin resistance from measurement results. The first embodiment has measuring and two indifferent electrodes, two calibrated resisters, three amplifiers, switchboard, subtracting unit, divider unit, reference voltage source and recorder. The second embodiment has measuring and two indifferent electrodes, two calibrated resisters, two amplifiers, switchboard, subtracting unit, divider unit, voltage divider, reference voltage source and recorder.

EFFECT: high accuracy of measurements and reliability of skin resistance parameters.

12 cl, 3 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to medical information-measuring equipment, and in particular to methods and devices for acquiring information during diagnostic studies on the parameters of the skin at acupuncture points used to implement the medical diagnostic method of R. Voll, widely represented in modern medicine.

Methods and devices for measuring the electric skin resistance used for diagnostics by the R. Voll method should provide control of the energy state of the body, carried out by the electric skin resistance of selected areas of the skin surface (diagnostic acupuncture points), determined in the values of the conventional units of "conductivity" (Werner F. Basics electro-acupuncture. - M .: IMEDIS, 1993. - 184 p .; Kramer F. Textbook on electro-puncture, t.I. - M .: IMEDIS, 1995. - 189 p.). At the same time, the energy state of the body is characterized by the degree of neutralization of the measuring electric current passed through the skin, determined by the electrical resistance of the skin between the electrodes of the device at a precisely dosed value of the measuring current.

In diagnostic studies according to R. Voll’s method, medical methods can be used based on determining the “conductivity” of the acupuncture points location zones, as well as the selected lead zones, the implementation of which should be ensured by the measurement methods and devices used.

The reliability of the diagnostic studies using methods and devices for measuring the electrical resistance is largely determined by the accuracy of the informative indicators recorded in arbitrary units of "conductivity" for the given values of the measuring current, with a nonlinear dependence of the recorded "conductivity" and the measuring current on the values of the electric skin resistance, type the nonlinearities of which are determined in accordance with the Werner reference curve. Inconsistencies of the nonlinear function of converting the electric skin resistance and the values of the measuring current of the Werner “reference curve” determine the errors of the methods and devices for measuring the electric skin resistance, and as a result, the reliability of diagnostic studies is reduced.

A known method of measuring electric resistance is implemented in a device for determining Chinese points on the skin (A.S. USSR 228856, MKI A 61 5/05, Cl. 30a 4/01. Device for determining Chinese points on the skin. / M.K .Geykin, V.I.Mikhailovsky. BI No. 32, 1968) and in the diagnostic and therapeutic apparatus (US Patent 386660, IPC A 61 B 5/05. Diagnostic and therapeutic apparatus. / Rey Iean Paul, 1975), including overlay on the acupuncture point of the measuring and outside its indifferent electrode, the transmission between the electrodes of the measuring current from the source of electro power supply through a serial electric circuit consisting of a resistor with a known resistance and a portion of the skin, measuring the value of the measuring current and determining the electrical skin resistance from the measured values of the measuring current.

In the known method, the measurement of electric skin resistance is carried out according to the values of the electric current proportional to the electrical conductivity of the series circuit consisting of electric skin resistance and a resistor, which in turn is inversely proportional to the sum of the measured electric skin resistance and a resistor whose resistance is not normalized and can change when setting up the device implementing the method depending on the voltage of the power source As a result of this, the method without providing a matching parameters measured electric resistance parameters determined in values arbitrary units "Conductivity" according to the "reference curve" Werner, as well as the method does not provide a predetermined change in the measurement current depending on the electric resistance.

The aforementioned determines the measurement errors of electric skin resistance in arbitrary units of "conductivity" when using this analogue method. In addition, in the analogue method, the measurement of the electric skin conductivity is determined, determined by the sum of the electric skin resistances of the zones of the measuring and indifferent electrodes, which additionally determines the measurement errors from the electric skin resistance of the indifferent zone.

Thus, the analogue method does not provide the required accuracy of measuring the electric resistance, which determines a decrease in the reliability of diagnostic studies.

To a certain extent, the noted disadvantages of the analogue method are eliminated in the method for measuring the electric skin resistance of acupuncture points (Russian Patent 2132154, IPC A 61 V 5/05, A 61 N, 39/02. Method for measuring the electric skin resistance. / A.T. Seleznev, N .A. Selezneva. Registered June 27, 1999), including the application of a measuring and outside two indifferent electrodes on an acupuncture point, connecting a calibrated resistor with a known resistance between the measuring and one of the indifferent electrodes, measuring the potential difference between measuring and the second indifferent electrodes with the calibrated resistor connected and disconnected, changing the resistance of the calibrated resistor so that the potential difference between the measuring and the second indifferent electrodes when connecting the calibrated resistor changes to a predetermined constant value, measuring the voltage drop across the calibrated resistor and calculating the electrical skin resistance according to the results measurements.

The present analogue method provides measurement of electric skin resistance while excluding the influence on the results of measurements of electric skin resistance of the indifferent zone, which determines an increase in the reliability of diagnostic studies. At the same time, the method does not provide registration of electric skin resistance in arbitrary units of "conductivity", which determines the significant difficulties of using the method when implementing the R. Voll diagnostic method.

When implementing this method, the value of the measuring current is determined by the difference in the electrodermal potentials of the points of location of the measuring and indifferent electrodes and the resistance of the calibrated resistor, which determines its mismatch between the Werner “reference curve” both in absolute values and their relative changes depending on the measured electric skin resistance. As a result of this, the present analogue method does not provide the required accuracy of measuring the electric resistance.

Thus, the main disadvantage of the known analogue methods is the low accuracy of measuring the electrical resistance.

Closest to the invention, the achieved result is a method for measuring the electric skin resistance of acupuncture points, implemented in a device for measuring electric skin resistance (Application No. 99109623, IPC A 61 V 5/05, A 61 H 39/02. Device for measuring electric skin resistance. / A .T.Seleznev, N.A. Selezneva, Yu.V. Yurov, announced April 27, 1999, a positive decision dated January 9, 2001), including applying to the acupuncture point measuring and outside of its two indifferent electrodes, transmitting the measuring current from a controlled source voltage through a serial electric circuit consisting of a calibrated resistor with known resistance and a portion of the skin between the measuring and indifferent electrodes, determining the voltage drop across the calibrated resistor, as well as on the parts of the skin between the measuring and each of the indifferent electrodes, changing the output voltage of a controlled voltage source depending on the value of the measuring current and the calculation of the values of the electric skin resistance eniya acupuncture points, and the relationship between the electric resistance measurement and each of the indifferent electrode.

The named method is selected as a prototype of the claimed method as coinciding with it by the maximum number of features.

In the prototype method, by using a calibrated resistor with a given resistance and changing the value of the output voltage of the controlled voltage source depending on the value of the measuring current, determined by the voltage drop across the calibrated resistor, the measurement of the electrical skin resistance in arbitrary units of "conductivity" at the values of the measuring current in a certain degrees corresponding to the Werner “reference curve”. At the same time, a sufficient degree of correspondence between the recorded values of the "conductivity" and the measuring current of the "Werner reference curve" is not achieved in the entire range of electric skin resistances used in diagnostic studies by the R. Voll method. In addition, the prototype method does not provide an exception to the effect on the measurement results of "conductivity" and the nature of the change in the measuring current of the electric skin resistance of the indifferent zone.

The use of two indifferent electrodes during the implementation of the method makes it possible to determine an additional measuring parameter characterizing the effect of the indifferent zone on the electric skin resistance measurement results. In this case, the measurement of electric skin resistance in the values of the conventional units of "conductivity" is carried out using one indifferent electrode, which determines the possibility of using one or two indifferent electrodes for the implementation of the method.

Thus, the disadvantages of the known methods are determined by the low accuracy of measuring the electrical resistance in arbitrary units of "conductivity".

The aim of the invention is to remedy the noted drawbacks.

This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method for measuring the electric skin resistance of acupuncture points, which includes applying one or two indifferent electrodes to the acupuncture point and outside it, passing the measuring current from the power source through a serial electric circuit consisting of a calibrated resistor with known resistance and a skin area the cover between the measuring and indifferent electrodes, the inclusion in the serial circuit of the passage of electrical and a second calibrated resistor with known resistance, measuring the voltage drop across the first calibrated resistor and the potential difference, determined by the voltage drop in the area of the electrical circuit, consisting of the first calibrated resistor and the electrical skin resistance of the acupuncture point relative to the indifferent electrode or the second indifferent electrode using two indifferent electrodes, and according to the values of the voltage drop and the potential difference, the calculation of the electric skin resistance Ia to selected acupoints N arbitrary units "conduction".

With this embodiment of the method of measuring the electrical resistance by selecting specific resistance values of the calibrated resistors and the output voltage of the reference voltage source, measuring the voltage drop across the first calibrated resistor and the potential difference, determined by the voltage drop in the section of the electrical circuit, consisting of the first calibrated resistor and the electrical resistance of the point acupuncture relative to an indifferent electrode, high accuracy of measurement of e ektrokozhnogo resistance in units "conductivity" with a high degree of compliance and the measured parameters of the measuring current "reference curve" Werner.

The method consists in the fact that a measuring electrode is applied to the studied skin in the area of the acupuncture point and one or two indifferent electrodes are placed outside it and fixed to the patient’s body. A measuring current is passed from a power source through the first and second calibrated resistors connected in series between the measuring and indifferent electrodes. Using a millivoltmeter with a large input resistance (100 MOhm or more), the voltage drop U ₁ at the first calibrated resistor and the potential difference U ₂ determined by the voltage drop in the section of the electrical circuit consisting of the first calibrated resistor and the skin resistance of the acupuncture point relative to the indifferent or second indifferent electrode. After that, the electric skin resistance is calculated at the acupuncture point in the values of the conventional units of N "conductivity" according to the formula:

where K is the coefficient of proportionality that determines the type of measuring scale of electric skin resistance in arbitrary units of "conductivity".

When using the method of the day of diagnosis according to the R. Voll method, the resistance of the first calibrated resistor is chosen equal to 140 kOhm, the sum of the resistances of the first and second calibrated resistors is 330 kOhm, the proportionality coefficient K = 0.191, and a reference voltage source with an output voltage equal to that is used as the power source 3.9 V.

Given the selected parameters when using the method for diagnostics according to the method of R. Voll, the calculation of electric skin resistance at the acupuncture point in the values of arbitrary units N "conductivity" is carried out according to the formula

A device for measuring electrical resistance is known, intended for diagnosis by the method of R. Voll (Voll R. Arbeitsrichtlinien fur die Elektroakupunktur. - MLVerlag, Hamburg, II Teil, 1963. - 102 s .; Kramer F. Textbook on electropuncture, T.I. - M .: IMEDIS, 1995. - 189 p.), Containing an indifferent electrode connected to the input of the amplifier (tube of a lamp triode) and through a resistor (R ₁ ) connected to a common power bus, a measuring electrode connected to the output of a controlled voltage source, the input of which is connected to the output of the subtraction unit (formed by a resistor R ₂ and the power source due to the antiphase voltage connection of the resistor R ₁ ), the inputs of which are separately connected to the reference voltage source (the output voltage of which is formed on the resistor R ₃ ) and the amplifier output, and a recorder connected to the amplifier output.

The known device provides the conversion of electric skin resistance connected to the circuit between the measuring and indifferent electrodes for a given measuring current into parameter output values recorded by the recorder, determined in arbitrary units of "conductivity" in accordance with the Werner "reference curve". In this case, by turning on the resistor R _{1 in} series with the electric skin resistance, changing the voltage value supplied to the measuring circuit, and selecting the operating point of the amplifier in the non-linear section of the amplitude characteristic (tube triode), a predetermined non-linear function is created for converting the electric skin resistance into values of conventional conductivity "and a given change in the measuring current depending on the measured electric skin resistance in accordance with the" reference curve "Be inequality.

The use of a nonlinear portion of the characteristic of a tube triode, the kind of nonlinearity of which for different lamp instances can be different, is the cause of errors in the formation of a given nonlinear conversion function and a given change in the measuring current, which determines a decrease in the accuracy of measurement of electric skin resistance when using an analog device. At the same time, in the device-analogue, in the process of setting up the device, it is necessary to select the operating point of the lamp triode in the non-linear section of the characteristic, which determines the complexity of the adjustment of the device, and also to a certain extent causes an additional decrease in the accuracy of the measurement transformations.

In addition to the above, in the analog device, conversion of the electrical conductivity of the electrical skin resistance between the measuring and indifferent electrodes to the output recorded values is equal to the sum of the electrical skin resistances under the measuring and indifferent electrodes. As a result of this, during diagnostic studies on the parameters of acupuncture points, the recorded “conductivity” values will be affected by the electric skin resistance of the zone of location of the indifferent electrode, which additionally causes errors in the recorded values of “conductivity” of the studied diagnostic acupuncture points.

Thus, the analog device does not provide high accuracy of measuring transformations, which determines a decrease in the reliability of diagnostic studies by the method of R. Voll.

To a certain extent, the noted disadvantages of the analog device were eliminated in the device for searching acupuncture points (Russian patent 2108086, IPC A 61 B 5/05, A 61 H 39/02. Device for searching acupuncture points / A.T. Seleznev, 1998 ), which can be used for diagnostics by the method of R. Voll, selected as the second analog device of the claimed device. The device contains a measuring and two indifferent electrodes, a differential amplifier, a recorder and a controlled voltage source, the first output of which is connected to the measuring electrode, and the second output - with the first input of the differential amplifier and a common power bus, a subtractor, the output of which is connected to the input of the controlled voltage source , the first input is connected to the source of the reference voltage, and the second input to the recorder and through the amplitude detector to the output of the current-voltage converter жение pressure, the inputs of which are connected respectively to the first indifferent electrode and the output of the differential amplifier, the second input of the differential amplifier is connected to the second indifferent electrode.

This analog device provides the formation of a nonlinear function of measuring transformations of electric skin resistance into the output voltage recorded by the recorder. In this case, by choosing the parameters of the elements used in the device, the correspondence of the conversion function of the device to the Werner “reference curve” can be ensured to a certain extent. In addition, the device provides the conversion of the skin resistance of the measuring electrode location zone while eliminating the influence on the measurement results of the skin resistance of the location zone of the indifferent electrode. As a result of this, when using the device for diagnostics according to the parameters of acupuncture points, errors from the influence of the electric skin resistance of the indifferent zone are eliminated. The absence of nonlinear converting elements in the device greatly simplifies the adjustment and adjustment of the device, and also provides a high degree of repeatability of the specified nonlinear conversion characteristics of the electric resistance of the device.

At the same time, the device does not provide the required correspondence between the initial and final sections of the electrical resistance transformation characteristic of the Werner “reference curve” both in terms of the nonlinearity of the electrical resistance transformation and in the given values of the measuring current, which causes measurement errors when using an analog device determining the decrease in the reliability of diagnostic studies.

Thus, the main disadvantages of the known analog devices is the insufficient accuracy of the measurement conversions of the electric skin resistance into the values of the electric skin "conductivity" for the specified normalized values of the measuring current, which determines the decrease in the reliability of diagnostic studies by the R. Voll method.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed technical solution is a device for measuring electrical skin resistance according to the Russian patent for invention (Application No. 99109623, IPC A 61 V 5/05, A 61 H 39/02. Device for measuring electric skin resistance. / A.T. Seleznev, N.A. Selezneva, Yu.V. Yurov, declared April 27, 1999, positive decision dated January 9, 2001), intended for diagnostics by the method of R. Voll, containing two amplifiers, a switch the first input of which is connected to the first input of the first memory block, W The swarm and third inputs are separately connected to the first and second indifferent electrodes, and the output is connected to the first input of the first amplifier, the second input of which is connected to the measuring electrode, a controlled voltage divider, the first input of which is connected to the output of the first memory block, and the output to the combined first the inputs of the comparator and the second memory unit, the second input of the comparator is connected to the output of the reference voltage source, and the output is connected to the second input of the first memory unit, the subtraction unit, multivibrator, two recorders, resistor , a controlled voltage source, the first output of which is connected to the measuring electrode and the second input of the first amplifier, the second output to the common power bus, and the input is connected to the output of the subtraction unit, the first input of which is connected to the output of the reference voltage source and the second input of the comparator, and the second the input is connected to the output of the second amplifier and the second recorder, the first input of the second amplifier is connected to the second input of the switch, the first indifferent electrode and through a resistor connected to a common bus power supply, and the second input is connected to a common power bus, the first output of the multivibrator is connected to the combined first inputs of the switch and the first memory block, the second output of the multivibrator is connected to the second input of the second memory block, the output of which is connected to the first recorder, the output of the first amplifier is connected to the second input controlled voltage divider.

The named device is selected as a prototype of the claimed devices as coinciding with them in the maximum number of signs.

In the prototype device, using the recorder for the output voltage of the second amplifier, a measurement conversion of electric skin resistance into output signals recorded in arbitrary units of "conductivity" on a linear measuring scale to a large extent, corresponding to the Werner "reference curve", is formed using linear converting elements of the device , which determines an increase in the accuracy of measuring transformations, and, consequently, an increase in the reliability of diagnostic tests studies by the method of R. Voll. In addition, the determination using the first recorder of the ratio of electrical skin resistances in the areas of the measuring and indifferent electrodes can further increase the reliability of diagnostic indicators.

At the same time, the required degree of correspondence of the conversion function of the electric skin resistance, as well as the specified change in the values of the measuring current in the prototype device, is not achieved in the entire range of measured values of the electric skin resistance. As the authors note, the almost complete correspondence of the measuring scale of the electric skin resistance to the Werner “reference curve” can be achieved only by using additional non-linear elements (for example, semiconductor diodes in the circuit of the second recorder) or a non-linear section of the amplitude characteristic of the second amplifier selected when setting up the device.

In addition, in the prototype device, the sum of the electric skin resistances of the measuring zones and the first indifferent electrodes is converted to the output “conductivity” values, which determines the possibility of errors during diagnostic studies according to the parameters of acupuncture points due to changes in the electric skin resistance of the indifferent zone.

The aforementioned reduces the accuracy of the measurement transformations and is the reason for the decrease in the reliability of diagnostic studies when using the prototype device for the implementation of the R. Voll diagnostic medical method.

Thus, the disadvantages of the known devices are determined by the insufficient accuracy of measuring the electrical resistance in the values recorded in arbitrary units of "conductivity", and the correspondence of the measuring current to the normalized values determined by the "reference curve" Werner.

The aim of the invention is to remedy the noted drawbacks.

The goal in the first embodiment of the device is achieved by the fact that in the device for measuring electric resistance, containing a measuring and two indifferent electrodes, the first amplifier, the inputs of which are separately connected to the terminals of the calibrated resistor, and the output is to the input of the subtraction unit, a switch, the inputs of which are separately connected to the indifferent electrodes, and the output to the input of the second amplifier, a reference voltage source and a recorder, a third amplifier is introduced, the input of which is connected to the first inputs of the first about the amplifier and the division unit and the combined first conclusions of the first and second calibrated resistors, and the output is connected to the second input of the subtraction unit, the output of which is connected to the second input of the division unit, the second output of the first calibrated resistor is connected to the measuring electrode, and the second calibrated resistor to the first the output of the reference voltage source, the second output of the reference voltage source and the second input of the second amplifier are connected to a common power bus, the output of the second amplifier is connected to w rum indifferent electrode, and an output divider connected to the logger.

The goal in the second embodiment of the device is achieved by the fact that in the device for measuring the electrical resistance, containing a measuring and two indifferent electrodes, the first amplifier, the inputs of which are separately connected to the terminals of the calibrated resistor, the switch, the inputs of which are separately connected to the indifferent electrodes, and the output to the input of the second amplifier, a subtraction unit, a reference voltage source and a registrar, a voltage divider is introduced, the input of which is connected to the first output of the source voltage and through a second calibrated resistor is connected to the first input of the division unit and the first output of the first calibrated resistor, the second output of which is connected to the measuring electrode, the output of the voltage divider is connected to the first input of the subtraction unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the division unit, and the output is to the recorder, the second input of the division unit is connected to the output of the first amplifier, the second output of the reference voltage source and the second input of the second amplifier are connected to a common power bus, and the output torogo amplifier connected to the second indifferent electrode.

With this embodiment, devices for measuring electrical resistance by introducing a second calibrated resistor, a third amplifier and a dividing unit in the first embodiment of the device and by introducing a second calibrated resistor, a voltage divider and a dividing unit in the second embodiment of the device, it is possible to obtain a high degree of compliance with a given measurement scale electrical skin resistance in arbitrary units of "conductivity" and normalized values of the measuring current "reference curve" Werner , And hence high measurement accuracy in the realization of diagnostic modes in the parameters of acupuncture points n parameters leads zones, which determines the high accuracy of diagnostic performance when implementing medical diagnostic method R.Foll.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a functional diagram of a variant of the device explaining the implementation of the proposed method; figure 2 and 3 are functional diagrams of the first and second variants of the proposed device.

According to the proposed method and device, the equivalent circuit of the research object (area of the skin) is presented in the form of a node 1; the drawings schematically shows the measuring electrode 2, the first 3 and second 4 indifferent electrodes, switch 5, second switch 6, the first calibrated resistor 7, millivoltmeter 8 DC, the second calibrated resistor 9, the source 10 of the reference voltage, the first amplifier 11, the second amplifier 12 , a third amplifier 13, a subtraction unit 14, a division unit 15, a recorder 16 and a voltage divider 17.

The skin substitution scheme 1 is presented in the form of a Phillipson model without taking into account the resistance of subcutaneous tissues (see Macs Phillippe. Study of human skin impedance for low-frequency currents. - These, dat. Ing, Univ Nancy, 1973. - 96 p.), Where R _x , R ₁ , R ₂ - electrical skin resistance at the points of location of the measuring electrode 2 and the indifferent electrodes 3, 4, respectively.

The measuring electrode 2 is made in the form of a brass electrode with a spherical contact surface with a diameter of 3 mm. The first indifferent electrode 3 is made in the form of a brass electrode of a small area (about 2 ÷ 10 cm ² ) with a fixing device. The second indifferent electrode 4 is a segment of a lagoon tube with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 110 mm.

Switch 5 is designed to connect the output circuit to the first 3 or second 4 indifferent electrode when the measurement mode is implemented with a three-point (when using two indifferent electrodes 3, 4) and with a two-point (when using one indifferent electrode 4) connection to the skin. As the switch 3 can be used a switch, for example, type P2K.

The second switch 6 is designed to connect the first input of the millivoltmeter 8 to the measuring electrode 2 (when measuring the voltage drop U ₁ on the first calibrated resistor 7) and to the output of the switch 5 (when measuring the potential difference U ₂ on the electric circuit, consisting of the first calibrated resistor 7 and skin resistance R _x or R _x + R ₂ depending on the type of connection to the skin). The second switch 6 is made similar to the switch 5.

The first calibrated resistor 7 is designed to form a voltage drop U ₁ from the measuring current and to ensure the given dependences of the "conductivity" and the measuring current in accordance with the "reference curve" Werner. As the first calibrated resistor 7 for the implementation of the R. Voll method, an exact constant resistor with a resistance of 140 ± 1 kOhm was used.

The millivoltmeter 8 is designed to measure the voltage drop U ₁ on the first calibrated resistor 7 and the potential difference U ₂ between the combined terminals of the first 7 and second 9 calibrated resistors and the corresponding indifferent electrode connected via the switch 5. As a millivoltmeter 8, a direct current millivoltmeter having a high input resistance (of the order of 100 MΩ) can be used.

The second calibrated resistor 9 is designed to generate a given value of the measuring current in accordance with the "reference curve" Werner. As the second calibrated resistor 9, an exact constant resistor similar to the first calibrated resistor 7 with a resistance for implementing the R. Voll method equal to 190 ± 1 kΩ can be used, so that the sum of the resistances of the first 7 and second 9 calibrated resistors is 330 ± 1 kΩ.

The source 10 of the reference voltage is designed to form a measuring current flowing through the measured electrical resistance. As a source of 10 reference voltage, you can use a stabilized power source, the output voltage of which for the implementation of the R. Voll method should be equal to U ₀ = 3.9 ± 0.01 V.

The first amplifier 11 is a differential DC amplifier with a large input resistance (of the order of 100 MΩ or more) and is designed to transmit to the output circuit a voltage proportional to the voltage drop at the first calibrated resistor 7. The amplifier can be made on K140UD12 and K 154UD1 microcircuits in the form scale differential amplifier.

The second amplifier 12 is a differential DC amplifier with a large input resistance and is designed to form the potential of a common connection point of electric skin resistances R _x , R ₁ , R ₂ equal to the potential of the common power bus when implementing the conversion mode with a three-point connection by connecting a second indifferent electrode 4 to the output of the second amplifier 12, and the first indifferent electrode 3 to the first (inverting) input of the second amplifier 12 and the supply potential of the common bus s power supply to its second (inverting) input. The second amplifier 12 is made similar to the first amplifier 11.

The third amplifier 13 is a DC amplifier with a large input impedance and is designed to transmit an input voltage equal to the voltage U ₂ to the output circuit with a transfer coefficient determined by the measurement method and equal when implementing the R. Voll method: K ₂ = 0.191.

The subtraction unit 14 is designed to generate an output voltage proportional to the difference in input voltages. The subtraction unit 14 can be performed on the chip K154UD1 in the form of a large-scale subtracting amplifier.

Block 15 division is designed to generate an output voltage proportional to the quotient of the division of input voltages. Block 15 division can be performed on the chip MRY-100 firm Burr-Brown or AD534 firm Analog Devices.

The registrar 16 is designed to register the output measured parameter in arbitrary units of N "conductivity" according to the output voltage supplied to the registrar 16. As a registrar, an M42103 type microammeter can be used.

The voltage divider 17 is designed to generate the input voltage of the subtraction unit 14 by dividing the output voltage U _{0 of the} source 10 of the reference voltage.

The method of measuring skin resistance at acupuncture points is as follows.

The indifferent electrodes 3, 4 are placed in the selected indifferent area of the skin, and the measuring electrode 2 is pressed against the acupuncture point by the contact surface. Depending on the measurement mode, if it is necessary to use a three- or two-point connection to the skin, the switch 5 is switched to a state in which its output is connected to the first 3 or second 4 indifferent electrode, respectively (when using a two-point connection, the first indifferent electrode 3 may not be used).

Then, from the power supply (which, when implementing the R. Voll method, the source 10 of the reference voltage is used to ensure the normalized value of the measuring current), the measured voltage U is applied to the circuit between the measuring 2 and the second indifferent 4 electrodes through a series of 7 calibrated resistors and a second indifferent 4 electrodes ₀ . Under the influence of this voltage in a serial measuring circuit, consisting of the second 9, the first 7 calibrated resistors and electric skin resistances R _x , R ₂ , the measuring current I begins to flow, the value of which, based on Ohm's law for a section of a homogeneous circuit, can be represented

where R ₀₁ and R _{02 the} resistance of the first 7 and second 9 calibrated resistors, respectively.

In accordance with expression (1), the measuring current I will depend on the electric skin resistance R _{2 of} the location zone of the second indifferent electrode, which may lead to measurement errors. However, by choosing, in accordance with the proposed method, a relatively large value (330 kΩ) of the sum of the resistances of the first 7 and second 9 calibrated resistors, the possible errors are practically minimized (with a real maximum change in the value of the electric skin resistance of the indifferent zone in the range (0-10) kOhm, the relative error of the change measuring current will not exceed ± 1.5%).

Connecting the input of a millivoltmeter 8 to the measuring 2 or the corresponding indifferent electrode 3 or 4 using the second switch 6, the voltage drop U ₁ is measured on the first calibrated resistor 7 and the potential difference U ₂ is determined by the voltage drop on the circuit section consisting of the first calibrated resistor 7 and electric skin resistance R _x1 , which can be represented as:

where R _x1 is the electrical skin resistance, which at a point-to-point connection is equal to the sum of the electrical skin resistances of the acupuncture point zone and the indifferent zone: R _x1 = R _x + R ₂ , and with a three-point connection with a high input resistance of a millivoltmeter (provided that the electric current through the circuit of the first the indifferent electrode 3 does not leak) is equal to the electrodermal resistance of the acupuncture point R _x1 = R _x .

After measuring the voltage drop U ₁ and the potential difference U _{2, the} desired electrical skin resistance in arbitrary units of conductivity is determined by the formula

Substituting the calculated optimal value of the proportionality coefficient K = 0.191 into expression (4), which ensures the maximum correspondence of the measured values of electric skin resistance in arbitrary units of "conductivity" to the "Werner reference curve". we obtain an expression for calculating the corresponding values of N when implementing the R. Voll method

When implementing the measuring method, the value of the measuring current is determined by the expression (1), which for the calculated optimal values of the resistances of the calibrated resistors and the voltage of the source 10 of the reference voltage R ₀₁ = 140 kOhm; R ₀₂ = 190 kΩ; U ₀ = 3.9 V can be determined from the expression

where I is the measuring current, µA; R _x1 is the corresponding measured electrical skin resistance, kOhm.

Substituting expressions (2), (3) into expression (5) and transforming taking into account the calculated parameters, we obtain:

Expressions (6) and (8) allow us to calculate the values of the measuring current I and the output parameter N for the normalized values of electric skin resistance obtained by implementing the proposed method.

The results of the calculations and comparisons of the obtained values with the corresponding values determined by the Werner “reference curve” are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1 R _x1 kohm 0 12 27 45 68 95 129 178 250 380 I, μA 11.8 11,4 10.9 10,4 9.8 9.2 8.5 7.7 6.7 5.5 I ₀ , μA 11.64 11.25 111 10.9 10 9.1 8.45 7.55 6.6 5.5 Δ _I , μA 0.18 0.15 -0.18 -0.50 -0.20 0.08 0.05 0.13 0.12 -0.01 δ _I ,% 1,53 1.36 -1.58 -4.59 -2.01 0.84 0.55 1.68 1.88 -0.13

table 2 R _x1 , kOhm 0 12 27 45 68 95 129 178 250 380 N 100.0 90.2 80.0 69.9 59.6 50,0 40.7 30.8 20.8 9.7 N ₀ one hundred 90 80 70 60 fifty 40 thirty twenty 10 Δ _N 0,0 0.2 0,0 -0.1 -0.4 0,0 0.7 0.8 0.8 -0.3 δ _N ,% 0,0 0.3 0,0 -0.1 -0.7 0.1 1.8 2.7 3.8 -3.3

Here, for comparison, the values of the measuring current I ₀ and the conductivity "N ₀ determined by the Werner" reference curve "are given, as well as the absolute Δ _I , Δ _N and relative δ _I , δ _N errors of the values of the measuring current I and the measured parameter N" conductivity " for normalized values of electric skin resistance R _x1 .

As can be seen from the above tables, the proposed method provides a high correspondence between the values of the measuring current I and the measured parameters N of the "conductivity" corresponding to the values of I ₀ , N _{0 of} the "Werner reference curve": the relative error of the values of the measuring current within the measuring range of electric skin resistances does not exceed 4, 5%, and with the exclusion of a portion of the range (at R _x1 = 45 kOhm) is not more than 2%; the relative error in the measurement of electric skin resistance in conditional "conductivity" bottoms within the measuring range of electric skin resistance does not exceed 3.8%.

The optimal implementation of the proposed method can be carried out using the proposed two variants of the device for measuring electric resistance.

Devices for measuring electrical resistance are as follows. Before using the devices, using the second switch 5, you must first select the operating mode.

When connecting the first amplifier (inverting) input of the second amplifier 12 with the first indifferent electrode 3 using the switch 5, the devices will work with a three-point connection to the skin, ensuring that the skin resistance of R ₁ , R _{2 is} not affected by the indifferent zones. This mode is recommended when using devices for diagnosing the parameters of acupuncture points, and can also be successfully used for diagnostics using the parameters of lead zones. In this case, under the condition of a high input resistance of the amplifier 12, the current in the circuit of the first indifferent electrode 3 will be practically zero, and therefore, the potential of the connection point of the electric skin resistances R _x , R ₁ , R ₂ will be equal to the potential of the first input of the second amplifier 12, which the queue is equal to the potential of the second input of the second amplifier 12, determined by the potential of the common power bus, selected equal to zero. As a result of this, the value of the measuring current and the voltage drop across the electric skin resistance R _x and calibrated resistors 7, 9 will not depend on the electric skin resistances R ₁ , R _{2 of the} indifferent zones, which will determine the independence of the measured parameters recorded by the devices from the electric skin resistance of the indifferent zones.

When connected via a switch 5 to the first input of the amplifier 12 with the second indifferent electrode 4, the device will operate using a point-to-point connection to the skin, which is recommended during diagnostics according to the parameters of the lead zones. In this case, the second amplifier 12 will perform the function of a voltage follower, as a result of which the potential of the second indifferent electrode 4 will be determined by the potential of the common power bus, and the sum of the electrical skin resistances R ₀₁ = R _x + R ₂ of the measurement zones 2 and will be considered as informative parameters second indifferent 4 electrodes. In this case, the first indifferent electrode 3 is not used. This mode is used in known devices for diagnosis by the method of R. Voll.

When you turn on the source 10 of the reference voltage in a serial measuring circuit, including the first 7 and second 9 calibrated resistors and electrical resistance R _x , R ₂ , the measuring current I will flow through the output circuit of the amplifier 12 to a common power bus

the value of which, when choosing R ₀₁ + R ₀₂ = 330 kOhm, will change in accordance with the Werner “reference curve” depending on the skin resistance R _x1 .

From the measuring current I, voltage drops will be generated at the electric skin resistances and calibrated resistors, as a result of which a voltage is generated at the output of the first amplifier 11

where K ₁ is the transfer coefficient of the first amplifier 11, and the potential of the common connection point of the terminals of the first 7 and second 9 calibrated resistors U ₄ relative to the common power bus will be equal to

In the first embodiment of the device, the output voltage U ₅ of the subtraction unit 14 will be determined by the expression

where K ₂ is the transfer coefficient of the third amplifier 13; To ₃ - the transfer coefficient of the block 14 subtraction.

And at the output of the division unit 15, a voltage U _{6 is} generated proportional to the proportionality coefficient K ₄ to the quotient of dividing the voltage U ₅ by the voltage U ₄

In proportion to the voltage U _{6 of the} first embodiment of the device, using the recorder 16, the values of the registered electric skin resistance will be determined in arbitrary units of "conductivity".

Comparing expressions (7) and (12), it can be shown that they will be equivalent if the transmission coefficients are selected K ₁ - the first amplifier 11, K ₂ - the third amplifier 13, K ₃ - the subtraction block 14 and K ₄ - the division block 15 with the following values: K ₁ = 1; K ₂ = 0.191; K ₃ K ₄ = 123.6.

Thus, the first version of the device provides the implementation of the proposed method of measurement, and therefore the necessary accuracy of measuring the electric resistance and compliance with the parameters of the "reference curve" Werner.

In the second variant of the device, using the division unit 15, the formation of the output voltage U ₇ is proportional to the quotient of the division of the voltages U ₄ and U ₃ defined by expressions (11) and (10):

- соответствующие коэффициенты передачи первого усилителя 11 и блока 15 деления для второго варианта устройства.Where

- the respective transmission coefficients of the first amplifier 11 and the division unit 15 for the second embodiment of the device.

разности напряжения U₇ и выходного напряжения U₉ делителя 17 напряжения, определяющее измеряемые значения электрокожного сопротивления, регистрируемые с помощью регистратора 16Using the subtraction unit 14, in the second embodiment of the device, the output voltage U _{8 is formed} , which is proportional to the proportionality coefficient

the difference between the voltage U ₇ and the output voltage U _{9 of the} voltage divider 17, which determines the measured values of the electrical resistance, recorded using the recorder 16

where K ₅ - gear ratio of the voltage divider 17; U ₀ - the output voltage of the source 10 of the reference voltage.

Transforming the expression (13), we obtain

второго варианта устройства:

К₅U₀=0,191;

Comparing expressions (7) and (14), we can show that they will be completely equivalent when choosing the following values of the transmission coefficients

second variant of the device:

K ₅ U ₀ = 0.191;

Thus, the proposed two device options, when choosing the appropriate values of the element parameters, ensure that the transmission functions of the measured values of electrical resistance in arbitrary units of "conductivity" to the proposed method and the "reference curve" of Werner, which determines the high accuracy of measurement of electrical resistance.

The value of the measuring current when using the proposed devices (when choosing the resistance R _{02 of the} second calibrated resistor 9 so that the sum of the resistances R _{01 of the} first 7 and R _{02 of the} second 9 calibrated resistors meets the requirements of the proposed method R ₀₁ + R ₀₂ = 330 kOhm; R ₀₂ = 190 kΩ) will also correspond to Werner's “reference curve”.

Depending on the selected operating mode of the proposed device options, determined with the help of switch 5, it is possible to carry out measurements using both a traditional two-point connection to the skin and a three-point connection, which eliminates the influence on the measurement results of the electric resistance of the indifferent zones.

Thus, the proposed method and variants of devices for measuring electric skin resistance provide accurate measurement of electric skin resistance in arbitrary units of "conductivity" with a high degree of correspondence of the measured current values and the independence of the measurement results from the electric skin resistance of indifferent zones, which ensures high reliability of diagnostic studies and is the basis for their effective use.

In addition, the implementation of device variants on elements with linear transfer characteristics determines the high repeatability of the metrological characteristics of devices in their mass production, as well as the minimum complexity of their setup and adjustment.

Claims (12)

1. A method for measuring the skin electrode resistance of acupuncture points, including applying an measuring and outside two indifferent electrodes to the acupuncture point, passing the measurement current from the power source through a serial electric circuit consisting of a calibrated resistor with known resistance and a skin area between the measuring and indifferent electrodes, determination of voltage drop across a calibrated resistor and calculation of the values of electric skin resistance points of the acupuncture, characterized in that the determination of the voltage drop across the calibrated resistor is carried out after the second calibrated resistor with known resistance is included in the serial electric circuit passing electric current, after which a potential difference is determined, determined by the voltage drop in the section of the electric circuit consisting of the first calibrated a resistor and an electric skin resistance of an acupuncture point relative to the second indifferent electrode, by the values of the voltage drop and a potential difference is calculated electrodermal resistance acupuncture points to selected arbitrary units N "Conductivity" according to the formula

where U ₁ is the voltage drop across the first calibrated resistor; U ₂ is the potential difference, determined by the voltage drop in the area of the electric circuit, consisting of the first calibrated resistor and the electric skin resistance of the acupuncture point relative to the second indifferent electrode; K is the coefficient of proportionality, which determines the type of measuring scale of electric skin resistance in arbitrary units of "conductivity". 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reference voltage source is used as the power source. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the value of the proportionality coefficient K when using the method for diagnosis according to the method of R. Voll is chosen equal to: K = 0.191. 4. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the sum of the resistances of the first and second calibrated resistors when using the method for diagnostics by the R. Voll method is chosen equal to 330 kOhm, and the output voltage of the reference voltage source is 3.9 V. 5. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the resistance of the first calibrated resistor when using the method for diagnosis by the method of R. Voll is chosen equal to 140 kOhm. 6. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the calculation of electric skin resistance in arbitrary units of conductivity when using the method for diagnosis by the method of R. Voll is carried out according to the formula

7. A device for measuring electric skin resistance, containing a measuring and two indifferent electrodes, a first amplifier, the inputs of which are separately connected to the terminals of the first calibrated resistor, and the output is to the input of the subtraction unit, a switch, the inputs of which are separately connected to the indifferent electrodes, and the output to the input of the second amplifier, a reference voltage source and a registrar, characterized in that a division unit, a second calibrated resistor and a third amplifier, the input of which is connected to the first m inputs of the first amplifier and the division unit and the combined first conclusions of the first and second calibrated resistors, and the output is connected to the second input of the subtraction unit, the output of which is connected to the second input of the division unit, the second output of the first calibrated resistor is connected to the measuring electrode, and the second calibrated resistor is to the first output of the reference voltage source, the second output of the reference voltage source and the second input of the second amplifier are connected to a common power bus, the output of the second amplifier By connecting to the second indifferent electrode, and an output divider connected to the logger. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the sum of the resistances of the first and second calibrated resistors when using the device for diagnostics by the R. Voll method is chosen equal to 330 kOhm, and the output voltage of the reference voltage source is 3.9 V. 9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the resistance of the first calibrated resistor when using the device for diagnosis by the method of R. Voll is chosen equal to 140 kOhm. 10. Device for measuring electrical resistance, containing a measuring and two indifferent electrodes, a first amplifier, the inputs of which are separately connected to the terminals of the first calibrated resistor, a switch, the inputs of which are separately connected to the indifferent electrodes, and the output is to the input of the second amplifier, subtraction unit, source reference voltage and a registrar, characterized in that a division block, a second calibrated resistor and a voltage divider, the input of which is connected to the first output of the source, are inserted into it reference voltage and through a second calibrated resistor is connected to the first input of the division unit and the first output of the first calibrated resistor, the second output of which is connected to the measuring electrode, the output of the voltage divider is connected to the first input of the subtraction unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the division unit, and the output - to the recorder, the second input of the division unit is connected to the output of the first amplifier, the second output of the reference voltage source and the second input of the second amplifier are connected to a common bus power supply the output of the second amplifier is connected to the second indifferent electrode. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the sum of the resistances of the first and second calibrated resistors when using the device for diagnostics by the R. Voll method is chosen equal to 330 kOhm, and the output voltage of the reference voltage source is 3.9 V. 12. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the resistance of the first calibrated resistor when using the device for diagnosis by the method of R. Voll is chosen equal to 140 kOhm.

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