RU2269659C1 - Feed system for power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: feed system comprises internal combustion engine, first reaction chamber, outlet gas duct, and electric generator. At least one additional reaction chamber is mounted in series with the first reaction chamber. The outlet gas duct of each upstream reaction chamber, excluding the last one, is connected with the internal space of the downstream chamber through the three-way valve. The outlet gas duct of the last reaction chamber is also connected with the inner space of the first reaction chamber through the three-way valve. The chambers receive the gas discharging branch pipe and heater provided with catalyzer which is submerged into the layer of activated coal and is in communication with the internal space of the reaction chamber. The second outlets of the three-way valves are combined and connected with the inlet of the internal combustion engine through the first valve. The line composed of the second valve, compressor with the receiver, and third valve connected in series is mounted parallel to the first valve. The electric generator is mounted at the outlet of the internal combustion engine and is connected with heating members of the gas discharging branch pipes of the reaction chambers through the switches.

EFFECT: improved design.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to power systems for gaseous fuels of power plants.

A self-contained system for supplying gaseous fuel to an internal combustion engine, comprising a fuel tank filled with liquid hydrocarbon fuel and connected to a surface pyrolytic reactor having a fuel cavity and a cavity connected to an engine exhaust line. On the fuel line inside the reactor, a mixer of fuel vapor and water vapor is installed, and behind the reactor (on the same line), a quench-evaporation unit is installed connected to the mixer of air and pyrolysis products. The unit has a steam cavity, the outlet of which is communicated with the entrance to the mixer of water vapor and fuel. An oxidizing catalyst is placed inside the reactor cavity in communication with the engine exhaust line. The system is equipped with an engine pressurization device comprising a compressor and a driving steam turbine (see US Pat. No. 2120556, F 02 B 43/00, F 02 B 37/00, claimed July 18, 1996, published October 20, 1998).

The disadvantages of the system are the use as fuel of only liquid hydrocarbons of gasoline fractions, the need for afterburning of exhaust gases.

A known power system for supplying gaseous fuel to a power plant, comprising a tank filled with solid hydrocarbon fuel, connected through a dispenser to a pyrolytic reactor connected at the outlet to the consumer of gaseous fuel. The capacity is made in the form of a cartridge, and solid hydrocarbon fuel is made in the form of a tape (see US Pat. RF No. 2131521, F 02 B 43/08, F 02 C 3/28, claimed July 25, 1997, published June 10, 1999).

The disadvantages of the system are the need for standardization of hydrocarbon fuel and refueling equipment, leading to a rise in the cost of fuel; the presence of filters for the purification of pyrolysis gas; system inflexibility and non-universality in relation to hydrocarbon fuel; the presence of additional heating by burners.

The closest to the proposed power system in terms of the set of essential features and the achieved result and chosen as a prototype is a generator set for powering an internal combustion engine, comprising a motor in which a gas outlet line is connected to the inlet of a reaction chamber filled with carbon-containing fuel, and the power line is connected through a cleaner cooler to the exit of the reaction chamber, while the engine exhaust line is directly connected to the cavity of the reaction chamber, and from the supply line I assigned a transport pipeline connecting the reaction chamber to an additional consumer (see US Pat. RF No. 2099553, F 02 B 43/08, claimed December 26, 1995, published December 20, 1997).

The disadvantages of the prototype are the use of only solid hydrocarbon fuel for processing (peat, wood waste, lignite and coal); the presence of accumulating ash and tar residues; inefficiency of the reaction chamber due to the use of exhaust gases for heating carbon-containing fuel; incomplete processing of carbon-containing fuel; the need to stop the system during the loading of the reaction chamber.

To eliminate these shortcomings, a power plant power supply system is proposed, comprising a first reaction chamber loaded with hydrocarbon feedstock, with a gas exhaust heater located inside it, inside which the catalyst is located, and an exhaust gas duct, with an active carbon layer located in the exit zone of the reaction chamber a gas outlet heater connected to the internal volume of the reaction chamber, with at least one more reaction chamber installed in series with the first reaction chamber measure, while the outlet gas duct of each previous reaction chamber, except the last, is connected to the internal volume of the subsequent one through a three-way valve, and the outlet gas duct of the last reaction chamber is also connected through the three-way valve to the internal volume of the first reaction chamber, while the second outputs of the three-way valves are combined and through the valve is connected to the internal combustion engine, while a parallel line to the first valve is connected, consisting of a second valve installed in series, a compressor with the receiver and the third valve, the electric generator of the internal combustion engine is a source of electricity for gas vents-heaters of the reaction chambers and is connected to them through appropriate switches.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically depicts the inventive power system.

The power system of the power plant consists of the first and second reaction chambers, each of which contains a hermetically sealed housing 1, where hydrocarbon feed is loaded 2. Inside the housing 1 there is a gas exhaust heater 3 with a catalyst 4 located inside it, immersed in a layer of finely dispersed activated carbon 5. In this case, the internal volume of the reaction chamber is connected to the cavity of the gas exhaust heater 3 through a layer of activated carbon 5. The gas exhaust heater 3 of the first reaction chamber using the outlet gas duct 6 through first three-way valve 7 is connected with the loaded zone of hydrocarbons second reaction chamber 2. The outlet gas duct 8 of the second reaction chamber through the second three-way valve 9 is connected to the loaded hydrocarbon zone 2 of the first reaction chamber. The second outputs of the three-way valves 7 and 9 are combined and through the first valve 10 are connected to the internal combustion engine 15. In parallel with the first valve 10, a line is connected, consisting of a second valve 11 installed in series, a compressor 12 with a receiver 13 and a third valve 14. An electric generator 16 of the internal combustion engine 15 supplies power through the switches 17, 18 ... to the gas exhaust heaters 3, respectively, of the first and second reaction chambers.

The system operates as follows. In the housing 1 of the first and second reaction chambers, hydrocarbon feed 2 is loaded, after which the chambers are sealed. Then, the three-way valve 7 connected to the outlet gas duct 6 of the first reaction chamber is installed in a position in which the outlet gas duct 6 is connected to the internal volume of the second reaction chamber where hydrocarbon feedstock 2 is loaded. The three-way valve 9 is installed in a position in which the gas exhaust heater 3 the second reaction chamber through the outlet gas duct 8 and the first valve 10 is connected to the internal combustion engine 15, and also through the valve 11 and the compressor 12 to the receiver 13. The first 10 and second 11 valves are closed yut. The fuel gas previously accumulated in the receiver 13 is used to start the internal combustion engine 15, where it enters through the open third valve 14. After starting the internal combustion engine 15, the switch 17 is closed to supply power from the electric generator 16 to the gas exhaust heater 3 of the first reaction chamber. The switch 18 is open. The temperature in the housing 1 of the first reaction chamber increases, and the process of gasification of hydrocarbon feedstock 2 occurs. The resulting fuel gas passes through a heated layer of finely dispersed activated carbon 5 and catalyst 4 of the first reaction chamber, due to which it is more fully restored. Next, the fuel gas through the exhaust gas heater 3 of the first reaction chamber, its outlet gas duct 6 and the three-way valve 7 enters the housing 1 of the second reaction chamber, where it is cooled passing through a layer of loaded hydrocarbon feedstock 2 and is purified passing through an active carbon layer 5, following then through the catalyst 4 and the exhaust gas heater 3 of the second reaction chamber, its outlet gas duct 8, the three-way valve 9 to the internal combustion engine 15 and the receiver 13 through the first 10 and second 11 valves. The third valve 14 is closed. When the processing of hydrocarbon feedstock 2 in the first reaction chamber is completed, the switch 17 opens, and the switch 18 closes, supplying power to the gas exhaust heater 3 of the second reaction chamber. The three-way valve 7 connected to the outlet gas duct 6 of the first reaction chamber is brought into a position in which the gas-heater 3 of the first reaction chamber is connected via the outlet gas duct 6 and the three-way valve 7 through the first valve 10 to the internal combustion engine 15 and also to the receiver 13 through the second valve 11 and the compressor 12. Thus, the generation of fuel gas does not stop. A new portion of hydrocarbon feedstock 2 is loaded into the first reaction chamber, after which it is sealed, and the three-way valve 9 connected to the outlet gas duct 8 of the second reaction chamber is transferred to a position in which the gas-heater 3 of the second reaction chamber through the outlet gas duct 8 and the three-way valve 9 is connected to the internal volume of the first reaction chamber, where hydrocarbon feedstock 2 is loaded. In this case, fuel gas — the result of processing the hydrocarbon feedstock 2 of the second reaction chamber — passes through the heated active carbon layer 5, catalyst A, the gas exhaust heater 3, the outlet gas duct 8 and the three-way valve 9, enter the loaded hydrocarbon feed zone 2 of the first reaction chamber, where it is cooled, and then passes through the active carbon layer 5 and catalyst 4, it is cleaned and enters through the valve 10 into the internal combustion engine 15, as well as through the valve 11 and the compressor 12 to the receiver 13. Then the process is repeated.

Thus, the claimed system in comparison with the prototype provides the ability to work on any hydrocarbon feedstock: gaseous, liquid, viscous fluid, solid (up to industrial and domestic waste) with the complete processing of the hydrocarbon feedstock into fuel gas in the absence of ash and tar residues. In addition, the production of fuel gas to power the power plant is carried out continuously, without stopping the process while loading a new portion of raw materials.

Claims (1)

The power system of the power plant, comprising an internal combustion engine, a first reaction chamber, an outlet gas duct, an electric generator, characterized in that at least one more reaction chamber is installed in series with the first reaction chamber, with the outlet gas duct of each previous reaction chamber except the last is connected to the internal volume of the subsequent one through a three-way valve, the outlet gas duct of the last reaction chamber is also connected through the three-way valve to the internal volume of the first reaction ion chamber, inside each chamber in the exit zone there is a gas exhaust heater with a catalyst inside it, immersed in a layer of activated carbon and communicating with the internal volume of the reaction chamber, the second outputs of the three-way valves are combined and connected through the first valve to the input of the internal combustion engine, parallel to the first valve, a line consisting of a second valve, a compressor with a receiver and a third valve, installed in series, is installed at the output of the internal combustion engine flax an electric generator connected through appropriate switches to the heating elements of the gas vents, heaters of the reaction chambers.