RU2269496C2 - Composition for preparing heat-insulating material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building materials.

SUBSTANCE: composition for preparing heat-insulating materials comprises unfibered waste in textile and weaving manufacture as a fibrous component and/or waste in manufacture of nonweaven materials with unoriented fiber structure characterizing by average length 18-60 mm and average diameter 6-12 mm. As a binding agent the composition comprises 3-9% solutions of polystyrene foam and/or polystyrene waste in organic solvents, and ammonium bromide as an antipyrene in the following content of components, wt.-%: indicated binding agent, 14.5-28.3; indicated fibrous component, 66.0-82.1; ammonium bromide, 3.4-5.7. Heat-insulating material prepared on the proposed composition base shows the following properties: average density is 150-200 kg/m³, heat conductivity is 0.022-0.025 Wt/(m x K), bending strength limit is 0.2-0.4 MPa, rupture strength limit is 0.24-0.36 MPa, strength at 10% of deformation is 0.020-0.054 MPa. The composition shows biological stability and difficulty combustibility. Invention provides decreasing the coefficient of heat conductivity, cost of material and retaining its physical-mechanical indices. Invention can be used in preparing heat-insulating materials used in building industrial and municipal buildings and in rural building also.

EFFECT: improved and valuable properties of composition.

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Description

The invention relates to the construction materials industry and can be used for the manufacture of thermal insulation materials used in the construction of industrial and civil buildings, as well as in rural construction.

Known raw mix for the manufacture of insulating material (and.with. No. 1159912 C 04 V 28/26), including, wt.h:

Polyacrylonitrile Fiber one hundred Liquid glass (dry residue) 16 ... 50 a piece of chalk 5 ... 20 Water 30 ... 70

The disadvantage of this raw material mixture is the increased coefficient of thermal conductivity of 0.031 ... 0.03 8 W / (m · K) at a density of 170 ... 175 kg / m ³ and high cost due to the use of expensive synthetic fibers.

The closest in its technical essence and the achieved result is the mass for the manufacture of composite materials (and.with. No. 2046113 C 04 V 16/12), including, wt.%:

Synthetic binder 0 ... 5 Aqueous suspension of mineral fibers (in terms of dry matter) 40 ... 95 Aqueous suspension of collagen tanning fibers (in terms of dry matter) rest

The disadvantage of this mass is the high coefficient of thermal conductivity of 0.049 ... 0.054 W / (m · K) with an average density of 105 ... 320 kg / m ³ .

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the coefficient of thermal conductivity and cost of the material while maintaining its physical and mechanical characteristics.

This goal is achieved in that the composition for the manufacture of heat-insulating materials containing a fibrous component and a binder, as a binder contains 3 ... 9% solutions of polystyrene and / or polystyrene wastes in organic solvents, as a fibrous component contains fibrous waste from textile and weaving industries and / or production waste of non-woven materials with an undirected fiber structure, characterized by an average length of 18 ... 60 mm and an average diameter of 6 ... 12 μm, and additionally with holds fire retardant - ammonium bromide - with the following component ratio, wt.%:

Specified Binder 14.5 ... 28.3 The specified fibrous component 66.0 ... 82.1 Ammonium Bromide 3.4 ... 5.7

As a carcass-forming element, fibrous textile and weaving wastes, non-woven materials wastes were used. The waste consists of a pile and cloth malfunction from woolen and semi-woolen fabrics, a shear button from woolen and semi-woolen fabrics, spent pressed cloth, technical cloth waste, technical cloth cuts, technical cotton cloth cuts, waste from dust collecting chambers, garbage department from cleaning the spinning and weaving workshops. These wastes were pulled on a PM-001 tensile testing machine, as a result of this operation, a fibrous material with an undirected fiber structure was obtained, which is characterized by the following geometric dimensions: average length 18 ... 60 mm, average diameter 6 ... 12 μm.

For the preparation of a binder, household and industrial wastes of polystyrene foam and / or polystyrene were used as a film former. Waste foam and polystyrene accumulate in the form of obsolete products and industrial waste (packaging, packaging, defective and defective products, etc.).

As solvents, organic solvents are toluene, xylenes, ethyl acetate, P-4, P-5a, and mixtures thereof. For the preparation of a film former solution, individual use of expanded polystyrene and polystyrene, as well as a mixture of these wastes in any mass ratio is possible.

To reduce the combustibility of the composition, a flame retardant - ammonium bromide NH ₄ Br (GOST 4454-76) is introduced into the binder.

A binder is prepared by dissolving polystyrene and / or polystyrene wastes in organic solvents. To homogenize the solution, the dissolution of expanded polystyrene and / or polystyrene takes place in a K-1077 brand mixer for 3 minutes. During mixing, ammonium bromide is added to the mixture.

Thermal insulation material was made by impregnating the formed fiber mass with a solution of a binder with the addition of ammonium bromide, followed by prepressing (0.005 ... 0.014 MPa) to a predetermined average density of the composition and drying.

The compositions of the proposed composition for the manufacture of heat-insulating materials are given in table 1, and its properties are given in table 2.

Table 1 Component The compositions of the proposed composition, wt.% Prototype one 2 3 Specified Binder 14.5 21,4 28.3 - The specified fibrous component 82.1 74.1 66.0 - Ammonium Bromide 3.4 4,5 5.7 - Synthetic binder - - - 0 ... 5 Aqueous suspension of mineral fibers (in terms of dry matter) - - - 40 ... 95 An aqueous suspension of collagen skin fibers (in terms of dry matter) - - - Rest

As can be seen from table 2, the heat-insulating material prepared from the proposed composition has physical and mechanical properties comparable to the prototype, lower (2.1 ... 2.2 times) thermal conductivity coefficient, belongs to the group of hardly combustible materials and racks to action of biologically active environments.

table 2 Indicator The compositions of the proposed composition prototype one 2 3 The average density, kg / m ³ 150 180 200 105 ... 320 The coefficient of thermal conductivity, W / (m · K) 0,022 0,023 0,025 0.049 ...
0,054 Bending Strength, MPa 0.2 0.22 0.24 - Tensile Strength, MPa 0.22 0.26 0.34 - Compressive strength at 10% deformation, MPa 0,020 0,029 0,054 - Biostability Racks Racks Racks - Flammability Difficult to burn Difficult to burn Difficult to burn -

Claims (1)

Composition for the manufacture of heat-insulating material, comprising a binder, a fibrous component and a flame retardant, characterized in that it contains 3-9% solutions of polystyrene and / or polystyrene wastes in organic solvents as a binder, and contains fibrous textile and textile wastes as a fibrous component and / or production waste of non-woven materials with an undirected fiber structure, characterized by an average length of 18-60 mm and an average diameter of 6-12 microns, as a flame retardant - mmony bromide at the following component ratio, wt.%: Specified Binder  14.5-28.3 The specified fibrous component  66.0-82.1 Ammonium Bromide  3.4-5.7