RU2268918C1 - Detergent for cleaning stone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cleaning stone, faces of buildings in particular made from natural materials (marble, limestone, shell rock) from various atmospheric contaminants, deposits, smoke black, soot, salts.

SUBSTANCE: proposed detergent contains the following components, mass-%: isopropyl alcohol, 25-35; ammonium fluoride, 5-20;surfactant, 3-5; the remainder being water.

EFFECT: enhanced washing ability at any level of pollution with no change in physico-mechanical properties of surface being cleaned.

3 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to the production of detergents for industrial use and can be used to clean the facades of buildings and structures from natural materials (marble, limestone, shell rock, etc.) from various kinds of atmospheric pollution, mud, soot, soot, efflorescence, etc.

The most common pollution of facades is pollution such as soot dark plaque or soot with drips. To remove such contaminants, alkaline-based products containing surfactants are the most effective detergents. However, potent acids are used to clean old and heavily soiled surfaces.

Known composition described in US patent No. 6602350 containing polycarboxylic acid, surfactants of the mixed type and alkalizing agent. Despite the fact that the tool is designed to remove contaminants from the surface of vehicles, it effectively removes contaminants from the facades of buildings, which are largely similar to pollution from vehicles. However, the use of this tool for cleaning facades is limited by the nature of the material from which the facades are made. This tool, like others based on acids, is not suitable for cleaning surfaces made of natural stone, limestone, shell rock, etc., since the carbonate compounds contained in them are capable of dissolving in acid.

Closest to the claimed invention in terms of combination of features and purpose is the tool described in ed. St. USSR No. 243128. The detergent composition for cleaning artificial and natural stone contains an aqueous solution of ammonium fluoride (10-30%) and a surfactant (polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol).

The described composition does not contain acids, therefore, does not destroy the cleaned stone surface. However, the washing properties of the known composition are insufficient to clean highly contaminated surfaces. Apparently therefore, despite its long-standing fame, it has not received widespread use, especially in industrial cities, where the surfaces of buildings are especially polluted by emissions from industrial enterprises and numerous vehicles.

This invention is aimed at enhancing the washing properties of a well-known product, which does not contain acid and is therefore suitable for cleaning facades of various natural materials, including limestone, limestone, etc. materials.

For this, the known detergent for stone surfaces based on water, including ammonium fluoride and a surfactant, additionally contains isopropyl alcohol in the following ratio, wt%:

Isopropyl alcohol 25-35 Ammonium fluoride 5-20 Surfactant 3-5 Water Rest

A mixture of OP-7 and OP-10 in equal proportions was used as a surfactant.

The introduction of isopropyl alcohol into the known composition enhances its washing properties so much that the quality of cleaning is not inferior to the quality of cleaning with agents including acid, but in contrast to them it is completely harmless to stone surfaces.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant has made it possible to establish that there are no analogues that are characterized by sets of features identical to all the features of the declared detergent. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "novelty."

The search results for known solutions in order to identify signs that match the distinguishing features of the claimed invention showed that the use of aliphatic alcohols in the production of detergents and cleaners, including and isopropyl is widely known. Most often, they are included in the compositions of lotions as disinfectants, which indicates their weak dissolving properties. The degreasing properties of these alcohols are also used, including them in detergent compositions for glass, ceramics, etc. surfaces (see US Pat. No. 4,181,623). Therefore, it was not obvious that the introduction of isopropyl alcohol in the composition could lead to the creation of a potent detergent.

As such, neither ammonium fluoride nor isopropyl alcohol are strong solvents for contaminants, however, it was found that when they are mixed with each other, the dissolving ability of the composition is sharply enhanced, which suggests a synergistic effect.

From this we can conclude that this invention has an inventive step.

The technology for the preparation of the proposed detergent is to mechanically mix the starting components and dilute them with water. In this case, gas emissions and wastewater is not formed. The process of obtaining detergent can be designed as periodic or continuous.

The washing ability and physico-mechanical properties of the tested materials were tested on limestone samples in accordance with GOST 94-79-98. Sample cubes with a rib length of 4.5 cm and in an amount of at least 5 pieces were treated with the proposed detergent and then dried to constant weight in an oven at a temperature of 60 ° C.

The results obtained in comparison with untreated samples are shown in table 1.

The table shows that the processing of carbonate rocks by the proposed detergent does not impair their strength characteristics.

The washing ability of the proposed and known means, depending on the number of components included in it, was carried out on cube samples with a rib length of 4.5 cm. The prepared samples were contaminated with dirt and soot. Two types of samples were taken for testing: a) highly contaminated; b) slightly contaminated. Washing was carried out with brushes with synthetic bristles for 15 minutes, after which the product was washed off with clean water. The quality of the sink was evaluated visually.

The test results are presented in table 2.

Compositions containing ammonium fluoride in an amount of less than 5%, and isopropyl alcohol in an amount of less than 25% (example 1), practically do not have detergency. The latter appears when the content of these substances is 5% and 25%, respectively (example 2), weak pollution begins to be washed.

The optimal composition, washing both weak and severe pollution, can be considered a composition containing, wt.%:

Ammonium fluoride 5-20 Isopropyl alcohol 25-35 Mix surfactant OP-7 and OP-10 3-5 water rest

An increase in the composition of the proportion of ammonium fluoride and isopropyl alcohol above these values does not impair its washing properties (Example 4), but it becomes impractical from an economic point of view.

In the compositions of the prototype, the washing ability is manifested only on slightly contaminated samples and then with a maximum content of ammonium fluoride (example 5, 6).

To assess the washing ability of the proposed composition in comparison with the known was additionally used a technique for filtering wash water after washing. The degree of contamination is determined visually:

1 degree - the filter is white or light gray;

2 degree - the filter is light brown without visible sediment;

Grade 3 - a dark or brown filter with a distinctly visible precipitate;

4 degree - the filter is black.

For comparison with the prototype, two compositions were used: with a minimum and maximum concentration of components. The limestone surface was chosen as the contaminated surface.

The results of determining the washing ability of the investigated compounds are presented in table 3.

The table shows that in the minimum concentration combinations, the proposed composition washes pollution of 2 degrees, and according to the prototype - 1 degree of pollution. In maximum concentration combinations, the proposed composition washes pollution of 3 degrees, according to the prototype - 2 degrees of pollution.

In general, from tables 2 and 3 it follows that no matter what methodology is used to evaluate the washing ability of the proposed and known compositions, only the proposed composition can wash heavily contaminated surfaces.

Thus, the advantage of the proposed detergent is its versatility, which consists in the possibility of using means for cleaning facades and structures made of natural stone, limestone, limestone, etc. materials of any degree of contamination without changing the physical and mechanical properties of the surface being cleaned.

Table 1
Compressive Strength No. Treated with detergent, R _sr , MPa Not treated with detergent, R _sr , MPa one 21.3 21.6 2 20.5 19.8 3 20.1 20.3 four 20,4 20.8 5 20.8 20.5 R _sr , MPA average 20.62 20.60

table 2
The washing ability of the product, depending on the quantitative content of its constituent components in comparison with the prototype No. The composition of the detergent, wt.% Heavy pollution Light pollution one Ammonium fluoride four Isopropyl alcohol twenty + + Surfactant 2 Water rest 2 Ammonium fluoride 5 Isopropyl alcohol 25 + - Surfactant 3 Water rest 3 Ammonium fluoride twenty Isopropyl alcohol 35 - - Surfactant 5 Water rest four Ammonium fluoride 22 Isopropyl alcohol 38 - - Surfactant 6 Water rest 5 (prototype) Ammonium fluoride 10 Surfactant 2 + + Water rest 6 (prototype) Ammonium fluoride thirty Surfactant 5 + - Water rest Note: A plus sign (+) indicates contamination on the sample.
A (-) sign indicates no contamination on the sample

Table 3
The washing ability of the product, depending on the quantitative content of its constituent components in comparison with the prototype No. The composition of the detergent, wt.% Filter color Pollution degree The claimed composition 2 Ammonium fluoride 5 Light brown Isopropyl alcohol 25 2 Surfactant 3 Water rest 3 Ammonium fluoride twenty Dark brown with sediment Isopropyl alcohol 35 3 Surfactant 5 Water rest Prototype 5 prototype Ammonium fluoride 10 Light gray Surfactant 2 one Water rest 6 prototype Ammonium fluoride thirty Light brown Surfactant 5 2 Water rest

Claims (1)

Detergent for cleaning water-based stone, including ammonium fluoride and surfactants, characterized in that it additionally contains isopropyl alcohol in the following ratio, wt.%: Isopropyl alcohol 25-35 Ammonium fluoride 5-20 Surfactant (OP-7 and OP-10) 3-5 Water Rest