RU2268610C1 - Method for production of haulm-and-protein feed for ruminants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed production industry.

SUBSTANCE: haulm is treated with hydrolyzing agent followed by dispersion of treated haulm, screen calibration and briquette forming.

EFFECT: feed of prolonged storage time.

2 cl, 1 dwg, 2 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to methods for increasing the nutritional value of feed for ruminants by treating them with hydrolyzing agents.

There is a method of increasing the nutritional value of straw (S.Ya. Zafren. How to increase the nutritional value of straw. - M .: Kolos, 1982, p. 41-79), which includes the processing of crushed wheat straw with sodium hydroxide, resulting in a decrease in its mechanical strength and the conditions for processing its fiber with the animal’s gastric juice improve. In this case, as a result of alkaline hydrolysis, there is a slight increase in the content of reducing carbohydrates. However, the use of alkali in agriculture is limited, and the introduction of pure alkali leads to an increase in the nutritional value of roughage only by increasing the content of reducing carbohydrates and the digestibility of the final product.

A known method of obtaining feed from raw materials with a high fiber content, including processing it with a hydrolyzing agent with alkaline properties, which is used as the bottom residue from the distillation of fatty acids, previously subjected to adsorption refining (AS USSR No. 579977, class 2 A 23 K 1/20, 1977), or alkaline waste products of alkaline refining of oils having a pH from 12 to 14 (A.S. USSR No. 694171, CL 2 A 23 K 1/12, 1978).

At the same time, an increase in the nutritional value of feeds occurs due to the use of a group of nutrient and biologically active substances contained in the waste of the oil and fat industry - neutral soap stocks, primarily neutral fats, vitamins and free fatty acids. However, these substances do not actively influence the increase in the content of digestible carbohydrates of crude food itself.

A known method of preparing roughage for feeding (A.S. USSR No. 1419656, class 4 A 23 K 1/12, 1986, prototype), comprising treating the straw with a hydrolyzing agent, which is used as a mixture containing grain, soda, salt, urea and water, and take it in the following ratio of components,%:

Corn 6.0-10.0 Soda 0.1-0.2 Salt 0.2-0.4 Urea 0.15-0.3 Water Rest

Processing straw with an alkaline-grain hydrolysis means increases its nutritional value mainly due to the feed component - grain, increasing the protein content in feed 5 times. A mixture of the remaining components provides alkaline hydrolysis of the straw, reducing its mechanical strength and improving the processing conditions of its fiber. This is an expensive way to increase the nutritional value of straw, while the rational use of industrial waste containing high-quality vegetable protein for fodder purposes has a great economic effect and allows us to solve the important national economic problem of increasing the forage base for livestock.

The problem solved by this invention is to create an easily digestible and nutritious feed product for ruminants using industrial waste containing vegetable protein.

The object of the invention is solved by treating chopped straw with a hydrolyzing agent, which is used (option 1) hydrolyzed with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride with a concentration of 0.03% flaxseed cake in a ratio of 22: 1, and processing is carried out with a mass ratio of hydrolyzing agent and chopped straw 5: 1 for more than 4 hours at a temperature of 20-30 ° C, followed by dispersion of the hydrolyzed straw with a roller dispersant, calibration with a sieve with a hole diameter of 10 mm, molding of briquettes and air drying them to a moisture content of less than 30% or (option 2) a mixture of protein production waste from flaxseed cake containing whey and washing water and protein-cake paste in the following ratio, wt.%:

Whey water 78-80 Flushing water 16.5-18.5 Protein-cake paste 2.5-4.5,

and the processing is carried out at a mass ratio of hydrolyzing agent and feedstock of 5: 1 for more than 4 hours at a temperature of 20-30 ° C, followed by dispersion of the hydrolyzed straw with a roller dispersant, sizing with a hole diameter of 10 mm, forming briquettes and air drying them to moisture less than 30%.

Flax cake, which is an industrial waste of flaxseed oil production, can serve as a source of high-quality vegetable protein for deep lining of straw. According to laboratory studies, flaxseed cake contains more than 40% protein. It can be used as granular pet food. To saturate a cow with a daily dose of protein, not more than 1 kg of flaxseed meal is required. It is very difficult to ensure that a cow consumes such an amount of dry food, since there will be large losses when feeding it. Having received a daily diet of nutrients, the animal remains without volumetric filling of the stomach, necessary to ensure the normal development of the digestive process of the ruminant. Due to the separation of the cake and straw, it is possible to sequentially feed, in which the animal receives an excess of protein and chews low-nutrient straw. It is possible to increase the protein content and nutritional value of straw for ruminants by its deep lining.

Hydrolyzed with an aqueous solution of common salt of flaxseed cake is a promising raw material for the production of food protein, the waste of which is also a source of high-quality vegetable protein for deep whitening of straw.

The nutritional value of straw, hydrolyzed in a solution containing protein and sodium chloride, and subjected to dispersion, increases due to an increase in its protein content, the destruction of its wood structure, the release of fiber from the cementing effect of lignin on it and its saccharification.

Protein and sodium chloride, dissolved in liquid waste of protein production, easily penetrate into the porous structure of hydrolyzed straw, and under the influence of cohesive forces are adsorbed by its internal and external surfaces.

The optimal time of the hydrolysis process was experimentally established - more than 4 hours, the temperature at which hydrolysis occurs - 20-30 ° C, the mass ratio of hydrolysis agent and feedstock (crushed straw) 5: 1, as well as the mass ratio of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride with a concentration of 0.03% and flaxseed meal 22: 1 (according to the first embodiment).

The hydrolysis agent according to the second embodiment is a mixture of whey and wash water and protein-cake paste in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Whey water 78-80 Flushing water 16.5-18.5 Protein-cake paste 2.5-4.5

The dispersion of hydrolyzed straw with a roller dispersant is aimed at dispersing highly viscous and sticky hydrolyzed straw located in a straw-protein pulp. When the hydrolyzed straw is pulled out, lignin is mechanically shifted from the fiber and is unable to cement it. The degree of dispersion of hydrolyzed straw is controlled by calibrating it through a sieve with a hole diameter of 10 mm.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

The drawing shows a flow chart explaining a method for producing straw and protein feed for ruminants.

The claimed method for producing straw and protein feed for ruminants includes the following operations:

first option:

- chopping straw and linseed meal;

- hydrolysis of crushed flaxseed cake with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride with a concentration of 0.03% in a ratio of 1:22;

- treatment of crushed straw with hydrolyzed flaxseed meal at a ratio of 1: 5 for more than 4 hours at a temperature of 20-30 ° C;

- dispersion of hydrolyzed straw with a roller dispersant;

- sieve calibration with a hole diameter of 10 mm;

- forming briquettes;

- air drying to a moisture content of less than 30%;

second option:

- chopping straw;

- processing crushed straw with a mixture of protein production waste containing whey and wash water and protein-cake paste with a ratio of components, wt.%:

Whey water 78-80 Flushing water 16.5-18.5 Protein-cake paste 2.5-4.5

when the mass ratio of hydrolyzing means and crushed straw 5: 1 for more than 4 hours at a temperature of 20-30 ° C;

- dispersion of hydrolyzed straw with a roller dispersant;

- sieve calibration with a hole diameter of 10 mm;

- forming briquettes;

- air drying to a moisture content of less than 30%.

The claimed method for producing straw protein food is as follows.

An example of the first option.

Take 40 g of dry flaxseed meal and grind it to particles with a maximum linear size of less than 5 mm. The crushed linseed cake is placed in a two-liter jar.

Prepare a water-salt solution with a concentration of 0.03% and poured into a jar with crushed cake at a ratio of 22: 1. Flaxseed cake is stirred at a thermodynamic temperature of 20-30 ° C until a protein extract with a neutral acid-base reaction appears in the bank. The protein saturation of the water-salt solution increases with increasing extraction time, especially during the first hour.

184 g of wheat, the most common straw, is weighed, crushed by cutting it into 3-5 cm long particles, pour the straw cut into a two-liter jar and fill it with 920 g of water-salt-protein solution. The crushed straw undergoes hydrolysis under the influence of this solution and adsorption saturation with protein, sodium chloride and macronutrients extracted from oilcake with water-salt solution for at least 4 hours. During this time, the straw will completely absorb water, protein, salt, macrocells and, together with part of the insoluble flaxseed cake, will turn into a viscous and sticky pulp, in which the chemical bonds between fiber and lignin are weakened. Now it is possible to provide more free penetration of gastric juice to fiber and its more efficient digestion by animals. This effect is achieved by breaking the hydrolyzed straw located in the straw-protein pulp. When the hydrolyzed straw is pulled out, lignin is mechanically shifted from the fiber and is unable to cement it. The release of highly viscous and sticky hydrolyzed straw is successfully provided by dispersing it with a roller disperser, in which the shafts in contact with the working corrugated surfaces rotate towards each other at different speeds, mainly in the ratio of 1: 2.48 (Agricultural machinery. Handbook. - M .: Publishing House of Agricultural Literature, Magazines, and Posters, 1963, pp. 692-695). The degree of dispersion of hydrolyzed straw is controlled by filtering it through a sieve with a hole diameter of 10 mm. The dispersion of hydrolyzed straw is good if its pulp is filtered through a sieve without a sieve. Dispersed straw is a straw-protein mass that can be briquetted and granulated.

Despite a number of advantages of feed granulation, scientific practitioners prefer its briquetting (S.Ya. Zafren. How to increase the nutritional value of straw. - M.: Kolos Publishing House, 1982, p.23).

Briquetting straw-protein feed for ruminants is carried out by molding from straw-protein mass of plates of various sizes. The most technologically advanced slabs are molded 100 mm thick, 1000 mm long and wide. Such plates have a mass of not more than 25 kg. Perforated metal molds are used to form them. The molded tiles are sent for air drying at a temperature of 20-25 ° C to a moisture content of less than 30%.

Examples of the method of preparation of straw and protein feed according to the second embodiment.

Example 1

It is also possible to increase the protein content and nutritional value of straw for ruminants by deep lining it in liquid waste from protein production.

To do this, take 1 dm ^{3 of a} mixture of protein production from flaxseed meal, which is a protein-meal solution, consisting of whey and wash water and protein-meal paste with a ratio of components, wt.%:

Whey water 79 Flushing water 17.5 Protein-cake paste 3,5.

200 g of chopped wheat straw is weighed. Dosed straw is poured into a jar of 2 dm ³ and poured with liquid waste protein production of 1 dm ³ . The straw moistened with a protein-cake solution is hydrolyzed at a temperature of 20-30 ° C for more than 4 hours. Straw during this time completely adsorbs protein-cake waste of protein production and turns into a soft and slippery mass. Straw hydrolyzed in protein-cake solution for at least 4 hours is dispersed using a roller dispersant. The degree of dispersion of hydrolyzed straw is controlled by filtering the straw-protein mass through a sieve with a hole diameter of 10 mm Qualitatively dispersed straw is filtered through this calibration sieve without the formation of a nonsieve residue. Calibrated straw-protein mass is molded by briquetting. The molded tiles are sent for air drying at a temperature of 20-25 ° C to a moisture content of less than 30%.

Example 2

The method of obtaining straw protein food for ruminants is carried out analogously to example 1.

The hydrolysis agent, which is a mixture of whey and wash water and protein-cake paste, is taken in the ratio, wt.%: 80: 16.5: 3,5.

Example 3

The method of obtaining straw protein food for ruminants is carried out analogously to example 1.

The hydrolyzing agent, which is a mixture of whey and wash water and protein-cake paste, is taken in the ratio, wt.%: 78: 18,5: 3,5.

Example 4

The method of obtaining straw protein food for ruminants is carried out analogously to example 1.

The hydrolyzing agent, which is a mixture of whey and wash water and protein-cake paste, is taken in the ratio, wt.%: 79: 16,5: 4,5.

Example 5

The method of obtaining straw protein food for ruminants is carried out analogously to example 1.

A hydrolyzing agent, which is a mixture of whey and wash water and protein-cake paste, is taken in the ratio, wt.%: 80: 17.5: 2.5.

The physicochemical properties of briquetted straw-protein feed for ruminants from wheat straw are given in table 1. Test results for straw and protein feed were obtained by the testing laboratory of soils, feeds, agrochemicals, agricultural and food products of the Federal State Institution of the State Center for Agrochemical Service "Tverskaya" (Test Report No. 89 dated 03/18/2003.) And comply with all zootechnical requirements for feeding ruminants.

Table 1 Physico-chemical properties of briquetted straw-protein feed Name of feed Crude protein,% Digestible protein,% Ash% Ca, g / kg Feed unit, kg / kg Crude fiber,% Metabolic energy in 1 kg of feed, MJ Fat% Unprocessed straw 6.93 9.70 6.23 2.65 0.20 36.0 Processed straw prototype 18.26 16.48 14.0 3.6 0.12 21.0 Straw protein feed option 1 13.0 22.4 16,2 0.41 40.35 7.1 1,69 option 2 example 1 12.0 21.5 13.0 0.4 38,0 6.0 1,0 example 2 13.0 22.4 14.0 0.45 39.0 6.5 1,5 example 3 13.0 22.4 14.0 0.45 39.0 6.5 1,5 example 4 14.0 23.0 14.5 0.5 40,0 7.0 2.0 example 5 12.0 21.5 13.0 0.4 38,0 6.0 1,0

Laboratory tiles of air-dried straw-protein feed were subjected to physical, mechanical, hygroscopic and thermophysical tests. The test results of straw and protein feed according to the first and second options (average) are shown in table 2.

table 2 Physico-mechanical and thermophysical properties of straw-protein feed for ruminants

Name and dimension of indicators The value of indicators Density, kg / m ³ 195-220 Bending Strength, MPa 0.25-0.5 Hygroscopicity,%, in 24 hours less than 5 Duration of smoldering, s less than 30 Fire hazard absent Environmental hazard absent

Food prepared in this way can be well stored for a long time.

The daily diet of a cow weighing 400 kg is not less than 40 kg of feed (A.I. Devyatin, E.I. Tkachenko. Rational use of feed in industrial animal husbandry. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1981, p. 76, table 10), in which must contain at least 240 g of digestible protein (A.M. Kuzin. General Biochemistry. - M .: Publishing House "Higher School", 1961, p.200). When the protein is digestible not less than 50% (S.Ya. Zafren. How to increase the nutritional value of straw. - M .: Publishing House "Kolos", 1982, p.12, table 4) straw-protein feed in the amount of 40 kg satisfies (table. 1) daily requirement of a 400 kg cow for digestible protein. In this regard, the task of creating an easily digestible and nutritious feed product has been solved. At the same time, significant industrial success was achieved, consisting in the possibility of obtaining from one ton of hard-fed flaxseed cake 5 tons of high-quality straw-protein feed for ruminants using waste-free technology.

The rational use of industrial wastes of flaxseed oil production and wastes of the production of edible protein containing high-quality vegetable protein for fodder purposes allows us to solve the important national economic problem of increasing the forage base for livestock.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing straw and protein feed for ruminants, comprising treating chopped straw with a hydrolyzing agent, characterized in that a hydrolyzed aqueous solution of sodium chloride with a concentration of 0.03% flaxseed cake in a ratio of 22: 1 is used as a hydrolyzing agent, and the treatment is carried out in bulk the ratio of hydrolyzing agent and crushed straw 5: 1 for more than 4 hours at a temperature of 20-30 ° C, followed by dispersion of the hydrolyzed straw with a roller disperser, calibration with a sieve with a diameter Trom holes 10 mm, molded briquettes and air drying them to a moisture content less than 30%. 2. A method of producing straw and protein feed for ruminants, comprising treating chopped straw with a hydrolyzing agent, characterized in that as a hydrolyzing agent, a mixture of protein production from flaxseed cake containing whey and washing water and protein-cake paste is used in the following ratio of components, wt .%: Whey water 78-80 Flushing water 16.5-18.5 Protein-cake paste 2.5-4.5 and the treatment is carried out at a mass ratio of hydrolyzing agent and crushed straw 5: 1 for more than 4 hours at a temperature of 20-30 ° C, followed by dispersing the hydrolyzed straw with a roller disperser, calibrating a sieve with a hole diameter of 10 mm, forming briquettes and air drying them to moisture less than 30%.