RU2267733C2 - Beam-rider guidance device of controlled plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: projectile guidance systems, in particular, by laser beam.

SUBSTANCE: the transmitting channel of the guidance device is made in the form of a double-mode pulsed-periodic laser. The laser operates in the mode of free oscillation for beam guidance and in the monopulse mode for laser target indication and range finding. A polarized box is introduced between the optical system with a variable focus distance and the excess mechanism.

EFFECT: enhanced noise immunity of the projectile due to an independent use of the channels of beam guidance and laser target indication.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of development of a guidance system for a laser-controlled object (missile, projectile, etc.) of increased range and can be used in wearable complexes, and is also installed on land and air carriers.

Known guidance devices using the principle of orientation of a laser-controlled object, the information axis of which is aligned with the line of sight, moreover, a photodetector that converts the laser radiation of the information field into an electrical signal fed to the rocket control wheels is located in the tail [1].

The main problem that arises in such devices is the reduced noise immunity and insufficiently high destructive ability when a rocket hits the frontal (most protected) part of the target.

Known devices for beam guidance of a controlled object in the laser target designation mode when the target is illuminated by laser radiation, and the controlled object is aimed at the target by the radiation reflected from it, which is received by a photodetector located in the head (frontal) part of the object [2].

Despite the high destructive ability (attack from above, at an angle to the frontal projection), in the laser target designation mode there is a possibility of missile missile control due to possible non-capture of radiation reflected from the target, while this device does not allow for re-targeting of the missile (projectile).

The noise immunity of the communication line “target - target channel” and “beam guidance channel - photodetector” is reduced due to getting smoke from the engine installed on the controlled object on the line of sight, which can lead to a loss of control or loss of visibility of the target, which is considered by the operator to the sighting channel. The secrecy of the guidance systems, the photodetector of which is located in the rear part, disappears if there are highly sensitive laser radiation detectors at target objects. In addition, the application of laser radiation to the target for a rather long time allows the enemy to apply active interference.

The analog device of guidance systems for a beam-controlled object [3] contains a target channel and a guidance channel that includes a laser radiation source, a modulator and an optical system with a variable focal length, ensuring a constant geometric size of the information field of the modulated laser radiation at all ranges of the controlled object [ 13]. In beam control devices operating in the laser target designation mode, the guidance channel includes a repetitively pulsed laser operating in a single-pulse mode with a high frequency of sending radiation pulses, and an optical system for producing highly directional radiation [2].

The closest in technical essence to the present invention is the optical sight of the beam guidance system [4], consisting of a sighting channel and a guided projectile guidance channel, consisting of a continuously coupled laser optically coupled and a laser modulator, a variable-focal length optical system. A plane-parallel plate is introduced between the modulator and the variable-focal length optical system as an excess mechanism with the possibility of its rotation about an axis perpendicular to the optical axis of the guidance channel. As a result, the noise immunity of the system is increased, since the inserted plate is rotated by a certain angle with the help of a rotary mechanism, which leads to an increase in the optical axis of the guidance channel relative to the line of sight of the target, thereby freeing the optical communication line from the smoke of the projectile engine and significantly reduces the possibility of laser detection radiation.

These systems do not allow to provide increased range and high destructive ability while providing the possibility of re-targeting a controlled object without complicating the design of the guidance system and increasing its weight and dimensions.

The technical result of the invention is the possibility of retargeting a laser-guided missile, including at the final stage of flight, an increased range and high attack power, as well as a reduction in weight and size characteristics of the claimed device.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the device for beam guidance of a controlled object, comprising transmitting and receiving channels, a beam scanning and scanning system, an excess mechanism, an optical system with a variable focal length, the transmitting channel is made in the form of a bimodal pulse-periodic laser operating in free generation mode for beam guidance and single-pulse mode for laser target designation and ranging, and between an optical system with a variable focal length Normal distance and excess mechanism introduced polarizing cube. The introduction of two mutually perpendicular polarizers, a half-wave electro-optical shutter and a translucent output mirror provides the possibility of the laser operating in the single-pulse operation mode, which is necessary for the target designation mode.

The introduction of a polarization cube makes it possible to use an optical system with a variable focal length as an integral part of the receiving channel for operation in the ranging mode.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a device for radiation guidance.

Figure 2 shows the scheme of sighting on a managed object in the mode of beam guidance and laser target designation.

The device for beam guidance contains a sighting channel 1 (see Fig. 1), a receiving channel 2, a time interval meter 3, a pulsed solid-state laser 4, a V-shaped scanning device based on two cylindrical lenses with crossed axes of curvature 5, a scanning prism 6 , a rotary prism 7, a telescopic reverse system of direction 8, a polarizing cube 9, an excess mechanism 10, an optical system with a variable focal length 11.

A pulsed solid-state laser 4 consists of an active element 13 with a heat sink, two resonators formed by a 100% reflective (“deaf”) mirror 14 and translucent mirrors 15 and 16, two mutually perpendicular polarizers 17, a half-wave electro-optical shutter 18, a pump lamp 19, and a block nutrition 20.

The presented guidance device 22 (see figure 2) works as follows.

The operator directs the axis of the sighting channel 1 to the selected target 23 (see Fig. 2) with a laser range finder, consisting of a solid-state laser 4, a receiving channel 2, a time interval meter 3, measures the range both in the mode of single pulses and in repetitive ones - in the case of highly mobile goal.

When operating in the mode of ranging and laser target designation as a result of pumping the active element 13 by the radiation of the lamp 19 in the laser 4, the generation of radiation polarized in the plane of the figure begins. When a half-wave voltage is applied to the controlled phase plate 21, the radiation polarization at its output rotates 90 degrees and, reflected from two mutually perpendicular polarizers 17, enters the electro-optical shutter (EOZ) 18, to which a constant quarter-wave voltage is applied. Reflected from the output mirror 14 and re-passing through the EOZ 18, the plane of radiation polarization is rotated 90 degrees and is output through one of the polarizers. This corresponds to the state where the electro-optical shutter 18 is closed. In this case, an inverse population is accumulated in the active element. When dynamic half-wave voltage is applied to the electro-optical shutter 18 in the resonator formed by the output mirror 14 and the “blind” mirror 16, monopulse radiation arises with a polarization direction perpendicular to the plane of the picture, which is directed through the polarizing cube 9 to the telescopic system, the excess mechanism 10 and then to an object. Reflecting from the target, the radiation is focused by the optics of the receiving channel 2 on the photodetector, the output signal from which is fed to the time interval meter 3. The measured distance value is supplied to an external computing device (processor) to generate commands for the excess mechanism 10. The encoded signal reflected from the target at the same time fixed frequency of sending pulses) radiation can fall into the field of view of the receiving channel of the photodetector located in the head of the controlled object . As a result, the controlled object 24 (see figure 2) can be guided by the reflected beam.

The operation of the device in beam guidance.

The radiation beam of a repetitively pulsed laser, consisting of an active element 13 and a pump lamp 19, passes through an output translucent mirror 15 through two cylindrical lenses 5 and acquires a V-shape in cross section. The beam thus formed, reflected from the rotating prism 6, performs unidirectional scanning. The telescopic system 8 reverses the direction of scanning and provides a linear reciprocating scanning of the beam. Polarized in a vertical plane and V-shaped unwrapped radiation passes without loss through the polarization cube 9 and is sent to the excess mechanism 10 to raise the optical axis of the guidance channel relative to the line of sight of the target, which similarly [4] increases the noise immunity and reduces the possibility of detecting laser radiation. As a result, a V-beam control zone is formed in space, which provides orientation in this zone of a controlled object (projectile, rocket, etc.) equipped with a photodetector installed in its tail. An optical system 11 with a variable focal length ensures the constancy of the geometric dimensions of the information field of the modulated laser radiation at all ranges of the controlled object.

When setting a target of active and passive interference or with its high mobility, the device, upon command, can switch to laser target designation.

Information sources

1. US patent 5427328, NKI 244-3.13, 12.02.85.

2. US patent 4111383, NKI 244-3.13, 05.09.78.

3. R.A. Nalk and others. "Development of a semi-active rocket of the laser guidance system for the projectile" Copperhead "// Rocket technology and astronautics, - 1980. - No. 2. - S.128-137.

4. RF patent №2126946, MKI 6 F 41 G 7/26, 11.25.97.

Claims (2)

1. A device for beam guidance, containing the transmitting and receiving channels, a scanning system and scanning the beam, an excess mechanism, an optical system with a variable focal length, characterized in that the transmitting channel is made in the form of a bimodal repetitively pulsed laser operating in the free-running mode for beam guidance and monopulse mode for laser target designation and ranging, and between the optical system with a variable focal length and the excess mechanism introduced polar Discount dice. 2. A device for beam guidance according to claim 1, characterized in that an electro-optical shutter and a block of two mutually perpendicular polarizers are inserted between the output mirrors in the bimodal pulse-periodic laser, and a controlled λ / 4 phase plate is inserted between the active element and the polarizer.

Images