RU2267013C1 - Thermal power station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed thermal power station has fuel combustion set, tank with fuel, pipelines to feed fuel into furnace chamber, cocks, injectors, furnace chamber, steam turbine and reservoir with droppings connected by pipeline through cock with pipeline delivering fuel into furnace chamber.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of operation of thermal power station.

1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to energy, and can be used in the development, manufacture and operation of various thermal power plants and boiler units.

State of the art

An analogue of the invention can be a unit for burning fuel, described in the source: Styrikovich MA, Katkovskaya K.Ya., Serov EP, Boiler units, M.-L., 1959. The unit contains a tank with fuel, a combustion chamber and gas ducts in which heating surfaces are placed, which absorb heat from the products of fuel combustion (superheater, water economizer, air heater).

The disadvantages of the analogue are as follows: the unit is not a litter utilizer and has a high cost of heat production.

The prototype of the invention is a thermal power plant containing a unit for burning fuel, a tank with fuel, pipelines for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber, taps, nozzles, combustion chamber, steam turbine. Energy of the USSR in 1971-1975, M., 1972. These features of the prototype are similar to those of the claimed invention.

The disadvantages of the prototype are as follows: the power plant is not a litter utilizer and has a high cost of generating electricity and heat.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a thermal power plant.

A thermal power plant generates electrical energy as a result of the conversion of thermal energy generated during the burning of organic substances, in particular, organic fuel. Among thermal power plants, thermal steam turbine power plants predominate, in which thermal energy is used in a steam generator - a boiler unit (boiler unit) to produce high-pressure water vapor, which rotates the rotor of a steam turbine connected to the rotor of an electric generator (usually a synchronous generator). As fuel in thermal power plants, they can use, in particular, fuel oil, natural gas, lignite, peat, shale, litter, etc.

The boiler unit of a thermal power plant is structurally integrated into a single whole complex of devices for generating heat: steam for rotating a steam turbine, hot water for supplying homes, by burning combustible substances, in particular fuel oil, coal, peat, and litter.

Technical results are:

reduction in the cost of electricity and heat production;

litter disposal;

destruction of harmful bacteria in the litter.

All technical results are achieved due to the fact that the thermal power plant contains a unit for burning fuel, a tank with fuel, pipelines for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber, taps, nozzles, a combustion chamber, a steam turbine, and additionally contains a container with a litter connected through a pipeline through a tap with the fuel supply pipe to the combustion chamber.

The invention differs from the prototype by the following features: "additionally contains a container with a litter connected through a pipeline through a tap to the fuel supply pipe to the combustion chamber"

Reducing the cost of generating electricity and heat is achieved through the joint use as fuel, for example, fuel oil and litter. Since 2004, fines for the release of litter into the environment have been introduced in the Russian Federation. The amount of the fine is from 500 to 750 rubles per ton. A medium-sized poultry house produces about 100 tons of litter per day. So they must pay a fine of 50,000 rubles per day. Under such conditions, litter for power plants can be delivered free of charge.

Experiments have shown that when mixing a fuel mixture containing 20% litter and 80% fuel oil, fuel efficiency does not practically change. Thus, the cost of such fuel is 20% lower than fuel consisting only of fuel oil. With a decrease in the cost of fuel, the price of electricity and heat generated by a thermal power plant will decrease.

When burning manure, it is disposed of. Turn litter into heat. When burned, harmful bacteria in the litter are reliably destroyed.

Brief Description of the Drawing

The drawing shows a thermal power plant with tanks of fuel oil and litter.

The implementation of the invention

The drawing shows one of the possible embodiments of the invention. Thermal power plant consists of: 1 - drum; 2 - superheater; 3 - combustion chamber; 4 - screen; 5 - burners; 6 - hearth; 7 - air heater; 8 - water economizer; 9 - convective superheater; 10 - pipeline supplying a mixture of fuel with droppings; 11 - tanks with fuel, 12 - tanks with litter; 13 and 14 - cranes; 15 - mixing chamber; 16 - turbines; 17 - an electric generator.

The device operates as follows. Fuel, in particular fuel oil (or crushed coal) and litter (for example, chicken) from tanks 11 and 12, through open taps 13 and 14, enter the mixing chamber 15 (a mixer in the form of blades is installed in the chamber) and then into the burner. In the combustion chamber of the boiler unit, combustion of fuel and litter occurs, partial cooling of the combustion products as a result of radiant heat exchange between the heated gases and the pipes covering the walls of the combustion chamber through which their cooling medium (water or steam) circulates. The system of these pipes is called furnace screens. At the exit from the furnace, the gases have a temperature of about 1000 ° C. Then the gas passes through a convective superheater 9, in which the water turns into superheated steam, then the steam is fed through the pipe 18 to the blades of the turbine 16. The turbine 16 is connected with its rotor to the rotor of the electric generator 17. The electric generator generates electric energy. After a convective superheater, gas passes through a water economizer 8, and then an air heater, in which gases are cooled to 130-170 ° C, and then released into the atmosphere.

The experiments carried out by the inventor of the invention showed that the efficiency of combustion (released heat) of the litter is lower than that of fuel oil or coal. However, when mixing, for example, fuel oil (80%) with litter (20%), the efficiency of burning the resulting mixture of fuel oil and litter (released heat) is almost equal to the released heat when burning one fuel oil.

The experiment was carried out by heating water on a stove using various types of mixtures of fuels of the same mass.

An increase in the percentage of litter in the mixture above 20% may lead to a decrease in combustion efficiency.

The construction of a thermal power plant according to this invention will solve the urgent problem of litter disposal. For consumers, the cost of the generated electricity and heat will decrease due to the fact that the litter is several times lower than fuel oil. Currently, poultry manure can be delivered free of charge to power plants. This is due to huge fines for the release of litter into the environment. For one ton of discarded litter - a fine of 500 to 750 rubles (depending on the location of the poultry farm). The average house produces up to 100 tons of litter per day. The benefits of poultry houses from free litter disposal are clear.

Thus, the claimed technical results are achieved.

Claims (1)

A thermal power plant comprising a unit for burning fuel, a container with fuel, pipelines for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber, taps, nozzles, a combustion chamber, and a steam turbine, characterized in that it further comprises a container with a litter connected through a pipe through a tap to the fuel supply pipe to combustion chamber.