RU2266951C2 - Method for producing alcoholic drink - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: liqueur and vodka industry.

SUBSTANCE: method for producing alcoholic drink involves preparing an aqueous-alcoholic solution at negative temperature and filtration of the prepared mixture. An aqueous-alcoholic solution is prepared by mixing specimens of milled ice or snow and ethyl alcohol with addition of water in liquid state at negative temperature but not less temperature determined by water freezing from an aqueous-alcoholic solution with the required content of alcohol. Milled ice or snow and ethyl alcohol are used in the amount providing the necessary strong of ready drink and temperature of the mixture -1°C, not above, and -40°C, not below. Components provided by the prescription are added to an aqueous-alcoholic solution. At least part of alcohol-soluble components is added to the solution before mixing with milled ice or snow. Abovementioned ice or snow is prepared by freezing purified or distilled drinking water. At least part of water-soluble components is added to water before its freezing. Natural milled ice or snow is used. Mixing milled ice or snow with alcohol is carried out before preparing an aqueous-alcoholic solution with the strength from 20 to 60 wt.-% of alcohol. Rectified ethyl alcohol "Ekstra" or "Luks" or alcohol of the highest purity degree are used as the alcohol source. Method provides economy technological process in producing strong alcoholic drinks and to prepare drinks with stable qualities.

EFFECT: improved producing method.

11 cl, 1 tbl, 11 ex

Description

The invention relates to the alcoholic beverage industry, and more particularly to a method for the production of alcoholic beverages, such as vodka.

As you know, vodka is a transparent, colorless liquid, with a characteristic vodka aroma, without impurities and impurities. Vodka is a strong alcoholic beverage obtained in the process of processing activated carbon in a water-alcohol solution with an alcohol content of up to 60 vol.%. and subsequent filtration (see GOST R 51355-99 "Vodka and vodka special. General specifications").

There are many methods for the production of alcoholic beverages, characterized by adding to the water-alcohol solution various ingredients - aromatic and flavoring additives: citric acid, vinegar, sugar, honey, milk powder, extracts of various plants, fruits and berries.

So, there is a known method for the production of vodka (see RF application No. 2001105453, IPC 12 G 3/06, published 27. - 1.2003), which provides for the preparation of sorting, its purification and the introduction of targeted additives, the arachidonic lower alkyl ester is used as or in its composition acid in an amount of 10-6-10-4 wt.%.

The disadvantages of the known method of production of vodka include the lack of stability and invariability of the taste qualities of vodka over time due to the large influence of the state of the water used and the change in the taste of vodka during its infusion.

A known method for the production of special vodka (See RF patent No. 2186845, IPC C 12 G 3/08, published 08/10/2002), which provides for the preparation of a water-alcohol solution (sorting) from rectified ethyl alcohol and corrected drinking water, is introduced into sorting refined granulated sugar in the form of sugar syrup 65.8% or an aqueous solution, thoroughly mixing the sorting, passing through a carbon-cleaning battery, dissolving sodium bicarbonate and succinic acid in softened water, filtering the solution, making sorting, obtaining aromatic alcohol, adding it to the finishing vat, mixing the contents of the vat, checking the strength and control filtering, characterized in that succinic acid is simultaneously dissolved in softened water with citric acid, sodium bicarbonate is dissolved in the mixture, and the filtered solution is carried out into the sorting vat during the thorough mixing of the sorting, and the aromatic alcohol is obtained from wheat crackers, while the ingredients are used respectively in col HONORS 1000 dal of vodka:

Refined sugar -19.5 - 20.5 kg

Citric acid - 0.1 - 0.2 kg

Succinic acid - 0.095 - 0.15 kg

Sodium bicarbonate - 0.25 - 0.35 kg

Flavored alcohol of wheat crackers - 7.5 - 8.5 l

Rectified ethyl alcohol "Extra" and corrected drinking water - Based on the strength of 40%.

The known method allows at an earlier stage of production to reduce the content of undesirable impurities, aldehydes of esters, and also to give vodka a characteristic aroma and taste, however, it is technologically complex and does not guarantee the stability of the taste of the product due to the large influence of the state of the water used and the change in the taste of vodka in the process of insisting her.

It should also be noted the technological complexity and high cost of water treatment.

Another disadvantage is the need for heat removal during the preparation of an aqueous-alcoholic solution, since the change in enthalpy during the formation of an aqueous alcoholic solution is negative (see the Chemist’s Handbook, edited by B. Nikolsky, L. 1964, T.3, p. 289 and 636).

Known methods for the production and preparation of drinks and alcoholic beverages, where by using cooling to low temperatures, the best purification of the initial solution is achieved, and the use of ice improves the organoleptic qualities of the product.

So, the known method (RF patent 2107679), which uses the purification of a water-alcohol solution by adsorption on coal at low, including negative temperatures. A known method for the production of drinks (RF patent 2156283), where the drink is quickly cooled to a temperature close to the freezing point, with the formation of a minimum number of ice crystals. This technique, along with subsequent processing, allows you to stabilize the drink, in particular beer, by eliminating turbidity. The disadvantage of these methods can be considered the complexity of the technology and the significant cost of intensive cooling of the solutions.

The use of ice cubes for the preparation of alcoholic beverages, in particular cocktails, is well known in everyday life (Ivanov Yu. Book of Vodka, 2001). However, the production volume and sales period for such drinks is limited, and their quality is entirely determined by the art of the manufacturer (bartender, cook).

The closest set of essential features to the claimed method is a method for the production of alcoholic beverages (see RF patent No. 2159802, IPC C 12 C 3/08, published November 27, 2000), including the preparation of water, mixing it with alcohol, introducing the ingredients prescribed by the recipe, filtering the resulting mixture and bottling, characterized in that the process of mixing water with alcohol is carried out at a reduced temperature in the range from 0 to 8 ° C, while the process of mixing water with alcohol can be carried out in the presence of ice.

The known method for the production of alcoholic beverages can improve the organoleptic properties of the resulting beverage, but the stability and invariability of the qualities of the drink over time leaves much to be desired.

The objective of the present invention is to develop such a method for the production of an alcoholic beverage, which would make it possible to obtain stable quality drinks and at the same time allow to create a more economical technological process for the production of strong alcoholic drinks.

The problem is solved in that in the method of producing an alcoholic beverage, the preparation of an aqueous-alcoholic solution is made by mixing alcohol and water in the solid state at a negative temperature, while crushed ice or snow is used as solid water. Ice or snow is mixed directly with alcohol in an amount that provides the necessary strength to the finished drink and the temperature of the mixture is not higher than minus 1 ° C and not lower than minus 40 ° C. The process of forming a water-alcohol solution does not occur with the release of heat, as usual, but with the absorption of heat and a spontaneous decrease in the temperature of the mixture, so that there is no need for the cost of heat removal.

The uniqueness of our method lies in the fact that a special thermodynamic system is formed to obtain an alcohol solution, consisting of two components and three thermodynamic phases, which has the property of eutectic with its inherent eutectic temperature (about -9 ° C in laboratory experiments), in this case negative (Kireev V.A. Physical chemistry course, p. 408). In other words, we can say that in the proposed method is the fusion of ethanol with ice.

The claimed method for producing an alcoholic beverage is based on a physicochemical process other than in the prototype method, which allows to obtain a different quality of the final product. If in the known prototype method, when ethanol is mixed with water even in the presence of ice, the temperature of the system does not drop below zero, then when water is excluded from the mixing components and the mixture is prepared from ice (snow) and alcohol, the temperature of the mixture drops spontaneously (below zero), which indicates a different nature of the ongoing physico-chemical process of formation of the final product.

Figure 1 schematically shows the stages of formation of the solution. The system is a vessel (depicted as a rectangle), which is filled with system components:

ethanol, ice and an aqueous solution of ethanol are depicted in different hatching. The diagram shows the real, observed distribution of system components in the vertical direction. This distribution corresponds to the densities of the components, which have the following values (· 10 ³ kg / m ³ ) at 0 ° C:

Ethanol - 0.80645

Ice - 0.917

50% solution of ethanol in water - 0.922 ^** ( ^** Reference data taken for a temperature of 20 ° C are recalculated for a solution temperature of 0 ° C by linear interpolation.)

(Rabinovich V.A., Khavin 3-Ya. Brief chemical reference book, 1977, p.199, 264) (Koshkin N.I., Shirkevich M.G. Reference book on elementary physics. 1974, p.38).

A - The initial stage of the process. Crushed ice taken at 0 ° C and ethanol taken at 20 ° C are mixed. From this moment, the temperature of the system begins to drop rapidly and drops below 0 degrees, the walls of the vessel are covered with hoarfrost. The solution is just starting to form.

B. - Development of the process. The temperature of the system remains constant and negative. The walls of the vessel are covered with hoarfrost. The three-layer (three-phase) structure of the mixture is clearly revealed: The upper layer is ethanol, the middle layer is ice, and the lower layer is solution. The lower layer is increased by reducing the upper. Two liquid phases - alcohol and solution, are delimited by a solid phase - ice.

B. - Completion of the process of solution formation. All ethanol reacted with ice and went into solution. The temperature of the system began to rise. The frost on the walls of the vessel melted. Pieces of ice taken in excess melt on the surface of the solution.

Comparative characteristics of the processes of formation of solutions according to the claimed and known methods are summarized in table 1.

As follows from the table. 1, the claimed method is essentially a physicochemical process different from all known methods. The effect of spontaneous lowering of the temperature of the mixture allows you to create new more economical technological schemes of production. Three advantages of this method can be used:

1. Direct savings on costs associated with the removal of heat generated by the interaction of alcohol with water.

2. The ability to use the effect of spontaneous lowering of the temperature of the mixture for cooling heat exchangers of air conditioners or refrigeration units.

3. Since natural softening, desalination, and purification of hardening water occur during ice formation, this eliminates or reduces the costs of normalizing it.

Laboratory test data confirming the special quality of the resulting product and the improved stability of its properties.

The water-alcohol solution (Product) obtained by the claimed method at -9 ° C was compared in terms of electrical conductivity (k) with solutions obtained in the traditional way: mixing water and alcohol (Control 1.) and in the prototype method: solution formation at low temperature (from 0 to 8 ° C), and the average value of this interval is taken, i.e. 4 ° C (Control 2).

The conductivity of the solutions was determined in a measuring cell with platinum electrodes at 0 ° C. The solutions were stored at room temperature in tightly closed glass vials.

The test data are presented in table 2.

As can be seen from the above data, the water-alcohol solution obtained by the claimed method has a specific conductivity of about 200 · 10 ^-8 (Ohm ^-1 · cm ^-1 ). This indicator remains stable for at least 1000 hours (42 days). Freshly prepared control samples (Control 1 and Control 2) have a specific electrical conductivity approximately 2 times lower: 96 · 10 ^-8 (Ohm ^-1 · cm ^-1 ) and 105 · 10 ^-8 (Ohm ^-1 · cm ^-1 ), respectively , and this indicator is unstable.

To obtain a wide range of alcoholic beverages, the appropriate ingredients provided for in the recipe can be introduced into the water-alcohol solution, such as aromatic, flavoring and tonic additives: citric acid, vinegar, carbon dioxide, sugar, honey, milk powder, extracts and infusions of fruits, berries and various plants, including medicinal, and other well-known ingredients.

Part or all of the ingredients soluble in ethyl alcohol can be added to it before mixing with ice or snow.

Ice or snow can be obtained by freezing the water of drinking corrected or distilled water. Part or all of the ingredients soluble in water can be introduced into it before freezing. You can also use pure natural ice taken from frozen ponds or snow.

Mixing ice or snow with ethyl alcohol can be carried out to obtain a water-alcohol solution with an alcohol content of 20 to 60 wt.%, Depending on the type of alcoholic beverage (tincture, liquor, vodka).

As ethyl alcohol in the drink, you can introduce rectified ethyl alcohol "Extra", rectified ethyl alcohol "Lux" or ethyl alcohol of the highest purification.

The claimed temperature range is due to the following.

At a temperature of 0 ° C and above, the usual exothermic process of interaction of water and ethyl alcohol proceeds.

At a temperature below that which corresponds to the temperature at which water begins to freeze out of a water-alcohol solution with a given ethyl alcohol content, ice or snow does not react with alcohol.

The temperatures of the onset of freezing of water from a water-alcohol solution with different contents of ethyl alcohol are given in reference books. For example, when the content in the alcohol-water solution of 60 wt.% Alcohol, this temperature is about -40 ° C, when the content of 50 wt.% Alcohol, it is about -35 ° C , T.3, p. 289 and 636).

It is advisable to use crushed ice to increase the contact area between alcohol and ice, since the use of bulk ice significantly slows down the process of production of an alcoholic beverage.

The use of snow expands the range of product properties, since snow is ice in a finely divided state. Its interaction with alcohol will be characterized by other parameters (eutectic temperature) and, presumably, the product of this interaction will have slightly different qualities, since a highly dispersed substance has an anomalous melting point and solubility (Kireev V.A. Course in Physical Chemistry, 1955, p. 490).

The inventive method for the production of an alcoholic beverage is carried out as follows: determine the mass of ice (or snow) and ethyl alcohol necessary to obtain the desired strength of the alcoholic beverage (depending on what will be the final product: vodka, liquor or tincture). If ice (snow) is artificially produced by freezing water, then water is prepared in accordance with known technologies. Alcohol-soluble ingredients such as oxalic acid as provided for in the formulation are added to ethyl alcohol. The prepared crushed ice (snow) and alcohol are mixed. Maintain the mixture until all of the ice (snow) is completely melted and a homogeneous solution is formed. The resulting alcoholic solution, if necessary, is filtered. The ingredients provided by the formulation for incorporation into the aqueous alcohol solution may be added, and, if necessary, the strength of the beverage adjusted.

Example 1. For the production of 30% by weight of an alcoholic beverage, 0.51 kg of 95% rectified ethyl alcohol "Extra" and 1.00 kg of crushed ice obtained by freezing distilled water are measured and mixed at an initial temperature of -1 ° C, kept to complete melting of all ice and the formation of a homogeneous solution. The ingredients provided for in the recipe (rosehip syrup) are added to the water-alcohol solution. Filter the resulting drink through fabric filters and check its strength. The resulting drink is saturated with carbon dioxide and bottled in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide.

Example 2. The method is carried out analogously to example 1, but at an initial temperature of -20 ° C.

Example 3. The method is carried out analogously to example 1, but rectified ethyl alcohol "Lux" is mixed with crushed ice of Lake Onega.

Example 4. For the production of 40 wt.% Tinctures, 0.8 kg of 95% rectified ethyl alcohol “Extra” and 1.00 kg of crushed ice obtained by freezing fixed drinking water are measured and mixed at an initial temperature of -1 ° C until completely melted all ice and the formation of a homogeneous solution. Filter the resulting drink through charcoal filters. St. John's wort grass is placed in the resulting solution (1/100 of the mass of the solution), insisted for 24 hours, filtered again and its strength is checked.

Example 5. For the production of vodka, the method is carried out analogously to example 4, but without the addition of St. John's wort grass.

Example 6. The method is carried out analogously to example 4, but the rectified ethyl alcohol "Lux" is mixed with snow.

Example 7. The method is carried out analogously to example 4, but at an initial temperature of -28 ° C.

Example 8. The method is carried out analogously to example 4, but rectified ethyl alcohol "Lux" is mixed with crushed ice of Lake Ladoga.

Example 9. For the production of 50 wt.% Strong alcoholic beverage, 1.2 kg of 95% rectified ethyl alcohol “Extra” and 1.00 kg of crushed ice of Lake Baikal are measured and mixed at an initial temperature of -1 ° C, kept until completely melted ice and the formation of a homogeneous solution. The ingredients provided for in the recipe (bee honey) are added to the water-alcohol solution. Filter the resulting drink and check its strength.

Example 10. The method is carried out analogously to example 9, but at an initial temperature of -30 ° C.

Example 11. The method is carried out analogously to example 9, but using ethyl alcohol of higher purity.

Claims (11)

1. A method of producing an alcoholic beverage, comprising preparing a water-alcohol solution by mixing alcohol and water in the solid state at a negative temperature and filtering the resulting mixture, characterized in that crushed ice or snow is used as solid water, which is mixed directly with alcohol in the amount providing the necessary strength to the finished drink and the temperature of the mixture is not higher than minus 1 ° C and not lower than minus 40 ° C. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ingredients provided for in the formulation are introduced into the aqueous-alcoholic solution. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that at least part of the ingredients soluble in alcohol, is introduced into it before mixing with crushed ice or snow. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said ice or snow is obtained by freezing corrected drinking water. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said ice or snow is obtained by freezing distilled water. 6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that at least a portion of the water soluble ingredients are introduced into the water before it is frozen. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that crushed natural ice or snow is used. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of crushed ice or snow with alcohol is carried out to obtain a water-alcohol solution with a strength of from 20 to 60 wt.% Alcohol. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rectified ethyl alcohol "Extra" is introduced as said alcohol. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rectified ethyl alcohol "Lux" is introduced as said alcohol. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the said alcohol is introduced ethyl alcohol of higher purity.

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