RU226489U1 - Universal installation for combined fire extinguishing with medium expansion air-mechanical foam, low expansion air-mechanical foam, atomized and dispersed water or fast-hardening foam based on silica foam gel - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to fire-fighting equipment, to manual and stationary devices for generating medium-expansion air-mechanical foam, low-expansion air-mechanical foam, atomized and dispersed water and fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel. The combined fire extinguishing installation is made with the possibility of separate generation and separate supply under pressure of air-mechanical foam of medium expansion, air-mechanical foam of low expansion, sprayed and dispersed water or fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel and contains two generators mounted on a traverse, each of which contains a housing, a grid cassette located inside the housing, a block of nozzles for supplying fire extinguishing agents to the grid cassette located in front of the grid cassette, a barrel with an ejector located inside the barrel with an ejection suction pipe into the barrel of a fire extinguishing agent component, pipelines for supplying fire extinguishing agents, as well as opening/closing valves fire extinguishing agent pipelines. The mesh cassette is made of coaxially installed with an interference fit one inside the other inner rim with an annular rim installed and secured in it by means of flat ribs parallel to the direction of movement in the fire extinguishing agent body with a through hole for placing a barrel, an intermediate rim, an outer rim and two located with a gap in it meshes relative to each other, one of which is fixed by the edges in the gap between the mating side surfaces of the outer and intermediate rims, and the other mesh is fixed by the edges in the gap between the mating side surfaces of the intermediate and inner rims, while the meshes have holes coaxial and commensurate with the through hole of the holder with fixing the edges of the mesh on the holder by means of ring washers and screws, and the barrel is placed in the through hole of the holder in the mesh cassette and is connected to the means for supplying the fire extinguishing agent to it. 9 salary f-ly, 22 ill.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to fire-fighting equipment, to manual and stationary devices for generating medium-expansion air-mechanical foam, low-expansion air-mechanical foam, sprayed water, dispersed water and fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel and can be used in the manufacture of fire-fighting equipment equipment used in extinguishing various forest, emergency transport, emergency industrial and other large-scale fires, in particular when extinguishing fires of flammable and combustible liquids, liquefied natural and hydrocarbon gases (LNG and LPG), solid combustible materials, vehicles and industrial technical equipment, as well as for creating heat shields and cooling with sprayed water in areas of accidents, catastrophes, natural disasters, for degassing and decontamination, camouflage of civilian and military facilities.

State of the art

It is known that an effective modern fire extinguishing agent is the air-mechanical hybrid foam of medium expansion, previously proposed by the applicant’s authors, consisting of polydisperse bubbles with a thickened (watered) shell - low expansion foam, and bubbles with a thinned (dehydrated) shell - high foam ( medium) expansion, forming, when mixed in the process of joint movement, a hybrid foam of medium expansion [RU 2757106, A62C 5/02, publ. 10/11/2021, BI 29; RU 2757479, A62C 5/02, publ. 10/18/2021, BI 29].

There are known generators of air-mechanical foam of medium expansion in portable and stationary design options, however, most of the well-known generators of medium expansion foam by other authors provide foam jets with a range of up to 10 m, which limits their use when extinguishing large-scale fires due to the high risk of working in the area fire personnel of fire departments.

A known medium-expansion foam generator, GPS-600, according to GOST R 50409-92, contains a conical generator body cast from aluminum alloy grade AK7 or other alloys with a nozzle on the foam outlet side and a conical collector (confuser) on the supply side of the sprayed foam solution to the grids, a mesh cassette in the form of a ring, covered along the end planes with a metal mesh with a cell size of 0.8 - 1 mm, a vortex-type centrifugal atomizer with a GM-70 connecting head attached to the body by means of three racks [GOST R 50409-92 Medium expansion foam generators. Technical conditions. Official publication. Gosstandart. - M., 8 p.].

The GPS 600 generator, according to its operating principle, is a portable water-jet ejector apparatus.

The nozzle in the GPS-600 generator is designed to form a foam flow after a grid cassette into a compact jet and increase the flight range of medium-expansion foam up to 10 m.

The vortex-type sprayer in the GPS-600 generator has six windows located at an angle of 12°, which causes swirling of the flow of working fluid and ensures that a sprayed stream of foam solution is obtained at the output, covering the entire surface area of the grid cassette.

The GPS-600 generator functions as follows: The sprayed stream of foaming agent solution emerging from the sprayer, due to ejection and the reduced pressure created inside the housing, sucks in atmospheric air through a conical collector (confuser) and mixes with it in the housing. A mixture of droplets of foaming solution and air falls on the mesh cassette. On grids, deformed drops form a system of stretched films, which, enclosed in limited volumes, form first elementary (in the form of individual bubbles) and then mass foam. With the energy of newly arriving droplets and air, the mass of foam is pushed out of the foam generator and with the formation of a jet of air-mechanical foam of average expansion with a multiplicity of 100 ± 30, obtained as a result of intensive mixing in the GPS-600 generator in a certain proportion of three components: water, foaming agent and air [Moiseev Yu., N. Kharlamov R.I., Kolbashov M.A.. Fire-technical and emergency rescue equipment. Tutorial. - Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of the State Fire Service. Ivanovo, 2017, pp. 36-38].

The main technical disadvantage of the GPS-600 generator is the insufficient (only about 8-10 m) range of medium-expansion foam supply, as well as insufficient operational reliability. In particular, the probability of failure-free operation of GPS-600 for 50 hours of operation, or failure-free operation of GPS-2000 for 25 hours of operation, specified in GOST R 50409-92 (p. 7, clause 2.19) is 0.993 at a nominal pressure of the foam concentrate solution in front of the sprayer of 0.0, 4-0.6 MPa (4-6 kg/cm ² ) proves the relatively low reliability of GPS foam generators, due to the possible destruction of the grid cassette with the tearing of the grids from their fastening points and the cessation of their normal operation as a result of the dynamic pressure of the flows acting on the grids. This significantly limits the scope and effectiveness of the GPS-600 generator and increases the risk of danger for fire personnel.

A mobile multi-purpose foam generating unit is known for generating foam mainly at nuclear fuel cycle facilities, including a container for water or a foam concentrate solution, a pump with an electric motor, a comb for connecting air-foam generators (foam generators) with an average expansion rate of K = 20-200 and fire nozzles, pipelines, hoses and fittings, is additionally equipped with low expansion foam generators (K<20) and high expansion foam (K=200-1000), working with two types of mesh (conventional - flat or metal fabric - volumetric weaving), and a valve is installed on the comb, allowing smoothly regulate the flow of the foaming solution supplied to the high-expansion foam generator at a flow rate of 0.5-10 l/min. In addition, the container is equipped with a lid designed to seal it when creating a pressure of up to 6 atm. These features provide increased versatility of the installation [RU 2308996 A62S 27/00, A62S 5/02 Publ. 27.10.2007].

The disadvantage of the device according to RU 230899 is its significant weight and dimensions, low performance and the impossibility of its use when extinguishing fires in industrial and low-rise buildings in urban and rural settlements, extinguishing forest and landscape fires.

A device previously developed by the applicant’s authors for forming a jet of medium expansion foam with increased range is known, according to which, in order to increase productivity, efficiency and increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing by creating a combined jet of foam of medium expansion and increasing the range of the jet of medium expansion foam up to 20 m, a foaming agent solution is supplied to the mesh in the body of the foam generator to produce a jet of foam of medium expansion with increasing expansion and decreasing density in the direction from the center to the periphery by means of a means or means located on the mesh or inside the mesh cassette for redistributing the amount of foaming solution on the surface of the mesh, made in the form of a ring, rings, ring nozzles or other means located inside the mesh cassette and/or on the surface of the mesh or mesh cassette on the supply side of the foaming solution jet or on the foam outlet side. The body of this foam generator is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, to which a nozzle or other means of forming a jet of foam solution is attached on the supply side of the foam agent solution, and a mesh is attached inside the body on the foam outlet side. The body of the foam generator has a length of 0.3 to 1.5 times the distance from the means for forming a jet of foam solution to the mesh. The foam generator additionally contains a diffuser in the form of a hollow cylinder, fixed in the body of the foam generator directly behind the mesh on the foam outlet side and made with a length of 0.1 to 0.9 times the diameter of the diffuser and a free cross-sectional area less than the cross-sectional area of the mesh [RU 2170123 A62C 5/02 Publ. 07/10/2001].

The disadvantages of the device according to RU 2170123 are the complexity of the design of the means or means for redistributing the amount of foaming solution on the surface of the mesh, as well as the lack of information about the features of fastening the mesh in the device and about the design of the mesh cassette.

There is a known method, previously developed by the authors of the applicant, of forming a jet of medium-expansion foam with increased range and a device for its implementation, according to which increasing the productivity, economy and efficiency of fire extinguishing with combined medium expansion foam while simultaneously simplifying the manufacture, transportation and use in fire extinguishing systems, when receiving a jet of foam, a jet of foam concentrate solution is supplied to the mesh in the foam generator body under pressure RP in front of the nozzles from 0.4 to 1.2 MPa. In a device for forming a jet of medium expansion, containing a housing and a mesh located in the housing, the body of the foam generator is made in the form of a hollow cylinder or two or more half-cylinders connected to each other by planes, while a mesh is fixed inside the body on the foam outlet side, the body of the foam generator has a length from 0.3 to 1.5 distances from the means for forming a jet of foaming agent solution to the mesh, and the means for forming a directed jet of foaming agent solution is made in the form of a nozzle or nozzles or other means for forming a directed jet or jets, located or located at a distance from the mesh, determined by formula , where A is the distance from the center of the nozzle or other means of jet formation to the mesh, m; Rs - radial mesh size; tgα/2 is the tangent of half the opening angle of the foam solution jet; α is the angle of opening of the foam solution jet at the exit from the nozzle or other means of forming a directed jet [RU 2180607, A62C 5/02, publ. 03/20/2002 Bulletin. No. 8].

The disadvantages of the device according to RU 2180607 and other known foam-generating devices are the lack of information about the features of fastening the mesh in the device, about the design and manufacturing technology of the mesh cassette as a determining design factor of reliability and influence on the quality of the resulting foam.

Known previously developed by the authors of the applicant are universal devices for fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention with low and medium expansion foam (RU 2693615, RU 2693612, RU 2664266, RU 2700028, RU 2703592, RU 2703594, RU 2708109, RU 258956 2), the general disadvantages of which are the inability to generate and supply under pressure of fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel.

Previously developed by the authors, a method and device for explosion and fire prevention and fire extinguishing in the form of a fast-hardening inorganic foam based on foamed silica gel SiO ₂ are known, including the preparation of foamed silica gel in the form of a quick-hardening foam by mixing component A in the form of an aqueous solution of a mixture of alkali metal silicate and a foaming surface- active substance, predominantly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, at a ratio, wt.%: 10-70, predominantly 20-50 sodium silicate, 1-15, predominantly 3-6 foaming surfactant, the rest is water, with component B amounting to 20 -60%, preferably from a 30-50% aqueous solution of acetic acid. The devices contain containers with fire extinguishing agent components placed therein, pipelines for the fire extinguishing agent components, a means for mixing the fire extinguishing agent components, and a means for foaming the mixture of fire extinguishing agent components. The devices contain containers with fire extinguishing agent components placed in them, pipelines of fire extinguishing agent components, a means for mixing the components of the fire extinguishing agent, means for foaming the mixture of fire extinguishing agent components, configured to supply component A to the means for mixing the components of the fire extinguishing agent from the container of component A under the influence of compressed air in the container with component A and obtaining a foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent in the form of a fast-hardening foam, obtained by mixing and foaming a mixture of components A and B, with a volume ratio of components A and B from 15:1 to 6:1, preferably 10:1. In this case, the device is placed on a hand cart with the possibility of its mobile movement, and the container with component B is made in the form of a backpack with the possibility of carrying it behind the operator’s shoulders [RU 2672945 A62C 13/04, A62C 5/02, C01B 33/14, B01F 3 /08 Publ. November 21, 2018].

Devices previously developed by the applicant's authors for fire extinguishing and fire-explosion prevention of quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel are also known (RU 2552968, RU 2552969, RU 2552971, RU 2552972, RU 2590379, RU 2668749, RU 2668753, RU 2672945, RU 2699078, RU 2699080, RU 2699083, RU 2701402, RU 2701409, RU 2701614) the common disadvantages of which are the inability to generate and supply foam of low and medium expansion using these devices under pressure.

The closest in technical essence and achieved technical result (prototype) is a universal device for fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention containing nozzles for supplying fire extinguishing agent to grids for forming medium-expansion foam and atomized water, a barrel for forming low-expansion foam and dispersed water, pipelines for supplying fire extinguishing agent to the nozzles and into the barrel with valves installed on the specified pipelines with the ability to supply a fire extinguishing agent when switching them, or simultaneously to both the nozzles and the barrel, or only to the nozzles, or only to the barrel [RU 2693615 A62C15/00, A62C31/12, A62C 37/00 Publ. 07/03/2019 Bulletin. No. 19 (prototype)].

Characteristic features of RU 2693615 (prototype) are

the possibility of using an aqueous solution of a foaming agent or water as a fire extinguishing agent with the corresponding ability to generate combined foam with an average expansion of 30-40, or medium expansion foam with an expansion of 50-70, or low expansion foam with an expansion of 7-10, or combined sprayed and dispersed water with an average dispersion of 150 microns, or sprayed water with a dispersity of up to 100 microns, or dispersed water with a dispersity of more than 200 microns,

presence on the pipelines supplying the fire extinguishing agent to the nozzles and to the barrel; the taps are equipped with electric, pneumatic or hydraulic drives with the ability to connect them to a remote control system, with the ability to open/close them using a remote control or radio signals from the remote control system, with the ability to regulate the volumes of the corresponding supply fire extinguishing agent into the nozzles and into the barrel, with the possibility of automatically opening/closing the valves installed on the pipelines supplying the fire extinguishing agent to the nozzles and into the barrel according to signals from the remote control system, with the possibility of automatically opening/closing the valves installed on the pipelines supplying the fire extinguishing agent to the nozzles and into the barrel by fire alarm signals.

In this case, the device according to RU 2693615 (prototype) contains a means of connecting to the pressure pipeline for supplying a fire extinguishing agent, made in the form of a flange or a quick-release connection/disconnection with rotary eccentric clamps of the Camlock type, contains means of rotation in the vertical and horizontal planes by means of a linear drive and electric, pneumatic - or with the possibility of connecting them to a remote control system, made with the ability to be manually carried, secured to a means of transportation in the form of a tractor, motor vehicle, car, trailer, watercraft, gas-oil production platform or secured to a stationary platform, car lift, firefighting foam lift, auto-mechanical sliding ladder or manipulator.

The disadvantage of RU 2693615 (prototype) is the inability to generate and supply under pressure fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel.

Problem solved and technical result

A problem that has not been properly resolved to date, which hinders the increase in productivity and efficiency of modern fire extinguishing technologies and equipment, is that the known generators of low and medium expansion foam do not allow the generation and supply under pressure of fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, and the known generation devices and the delivery of fast-hardening foam based on silica gel foam under pressure does not allow the generation and delivery of low and medium expansion foam or atomized and dispersed water.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention is the need to quickly prevent fires and explosions, reduce the intensity of combustion and extinguish various large-scale fires with various fire extinguishing means and air-mechanical foam of medium and low expansion, and sprayed water, and dispersed water, and fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel on large areas of fire of flammable liquids, solid combustible materials, liquefied natural and hydrocarbon gases (LNG and LPG), when and where to prevent fires and extinguish fires, prompt coverage of the entire fire-hazardous area with various fire extinguishing means is required.

This is currently possible only if a sufficient number of special devices are available and used for generating either medium and low expansion foam, or atomized and dispersed water, or fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel in manual and stationary installations of various designs.

The technical result achieved by implementing the claimed utility model is to increase the efficiency of extinguishing emergency transport, forest, emergency industrial and other fires through one proposed universal combined fire extinguishing installation, which allows extinguishing fires with both air-mechanical foam of medium expansion and air low expansion mechanical foam, and water spray, and water dispersed, and fast-curing silica gel foam.

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The problem (task) is solved and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed combined fire extinguishing installation is made with the possibility of separate generation and separate supply under pressure of air-mechanical foam of medium expansion, air-mechanical foam of low expansion, sprayed water, dispersed water and quick-hardening silica gel foam

and contains two generators mounted on a traverse, each of which contains

frame

a grid cassette located inside the body,

a nozzle block located in front of the grid cassette for supplying fire extinguishing agents to the grid cassette,

a barrel with an ejector located inside the barrel with an ejection suction pipe into the barrel of a fire extinguishing agent component,

pipelines for supplying fire extinguishing agents,

as well as valves for opening/closing pipelines of fire extinguishing agents,

moreover, the grid cassette is made of coaxially installed with interference fit one inside the other

an inner rim with an annular holder installed and secured in it by means of flat ribs parallel to the direction of movement in the body of the fire extinguishing agent with a through hole for placing the barrel in it,

intermediate rim,

outer rim

and two grids located with a gap relative to each other,

one of which is fixed by its edges in the gap between the mating side surfaces of the outer and intermediate rims, and the other mesh is fixed by its edges in the gap between the mating side surfaces of the intermediate and inner rims,

the meshes have holes coaxial and commensurate with the through hole of the cage with fixation of the edges of the meshes on the frame using ring washers and screws,

and the barrel is placed in the through hole of the holder in the grid cassette and is connected to a means for supplying a fire extinguishing agent to it.

At the same time, the proposed combined fire extinguishing installation has been manufactured

with the ability to generate and supply under pressure air-mechanical foam of medium expansion with a multiplicity of 30 ± 10, obtained as a result of generation and turbulent mixing in the process of co-movement of contiguous jets of low expansion foam formed in the barrel with a multiplicity of 5 to 15, and at least one a jet of air-mechanical foam of average expansion generated on a cassette of grids with a multiplicity of 25 to 70, obtained by feeding an aqueous solution of a foam concentrate to the cassette of grids and into the barrel, or

with the ability to generate and supply under pressure air-mechanical foam of low expansion with a expansion ratio from 5 to 15, obtained by feeding an aqueous solution of a foaming agent into the barrel or by supplying water into the barrel and feeding a foaming agent into the ejector mixer, or

with the ability to generate and supply sprayed and dispersed water under pressure when supplying water to the grid cassette and to the barrel, or

with the ability to generate in the barrel and supply under pressure a fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, obtained by mixing in the barrel one component of a quick-hardening foam supplied to the barrel in the form of an aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium silicate and a foaming agent and another component of a quick-hardening foam supplied through an ejector mixer in the form an aqueous solution of acetic acid to obtain in the barrel a quick-hardening foam in the form of a foamed silica gel containing, wt.%, 13-65%, preferably 20-50% silica, 1-15%, preferably 6% foaming surfactant, water - the rest, having a volumetric mass of 0.1-0.8 g/cm ³ , volumetric stability of at least 22 hours with a change in volume of no more than 10%, and in a dehydrated state having a volumetric mass of 0.05-0.1 g/cm ³ and retaining at least 95% of the volumetric shape when heated to a temperature of 1000°C for at least 40 minutes, having a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² /g, a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20 with hardness by viscosity index more than 100 Pa⋅s.

At the same time, the proposed installation of combined fire extinguishing

Manufactured with the ability to manually and/or remotely control rotations in vertical and horizontal planes,

is equipped with means for connecting/disconnecting to the pipelines supplying the device with an aqueous solution of a foaming agent, components of fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, or water, or

equipped with an adapter with a locking chain, ensuring a horizontal position of the device when turning in the vertical and horizontal planes, or

made permanently mounted on a fire and explosion hazardous facility or mounted on a road, rail, air, watercraft or all-terrain mobile vehicle or trailer, or

manufactured placed in a container or on a container installed and used on the decks of sea vessels, offshore platforms or on shore-based facilities.

Brief description of drawings

The utility model is illustrated in the drawings, where in FIG. 1 - 22 the original design of the proposed combined fire extinguishing installation used in the device with the possibility of separate generation and separate supply under pressure of air-mechanical foam of medium expansion, air-mechanical foam of low expansion, sprayed and dispersed water and fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel is disclosed in detail. , examples of various options for the design implementation of the installation are presented with examples of their practical real use when extinguishing various fires.

In FIG. 1, 2 show general views of the proposed combined fire extinguishing installation using the example of UKTP PURGA installations produced by the applicant, where the position numbers indicate: nozzles 1 for supplying a fire extinguishing agent (foaming agent solution or water) to a grid cassette 4 installed in the housing 3, in the hole of which a barrel 2 is installed .

The body 3 is made oval-shaped in cross-section with semicircular side and mating flat upper and lower surfaces, on which, on the side of the means for supplying the fire extinguishing agent to the grid cassette 4, there is an annular protrusion 5 convex to the outside of the body surface, on the side of the outlet of the fire extinguishing agent in the form of foam or spray water from the mesh cassette 4, an annular protrusion 6 concave into the surface of the body 3 is made, and the edge of the body on the side of the fire extinguishing agent outlet is edged with a protective plastic hoop 8.

The nozzles 1 for supplying the fire extinguishing agent to the grid cassette 4 installed in the housing 3 are attached to the housing by means of stops 7 to rigidly fix the relative position of the housing 3 and the distribution manifold 19 with nozzles 1; a means of supplying the fire extinguishing agent to the nozzles 1 and to the barrel 2 by means of a distribution manifold 19 and a means of connecting to the fire extinguishing agent supply pipeline 22 in the form of a removable/detachable connection using rotary eccentric camlock type clamps, or a standard connecting head, or a flange with holes for bolting, with an adapter-fixer 23 for a strictly horizontal position of the body and a means 24 for controlling rotations in the vertical and horizontal planes.

In fig. 3 and 4 show the original design of the grid cassette 4, made of coaxially installed with tension one inside the other inner rim 10 with an annular holder 9 installed and secured in it by means of flat ribs parallel to the direction of movement in the fire extinguishing agent body 18 with a through hole for placing the barrel in it 2, an intermediate rim 11, an outer rim 12 and two meshes located with a gap relative to each other, one of which 14 is fixed by its edges in the gap between the mating side surfaces of the outer 12 and intermediate 11 rims, and the other mesh 13 is fixed by its edges in the gap between the mating side surfaces intermediate 11 and internal 10 rims, while in the grids 13 and 14 there are holes made coaxial and commensurate with the through hole of the holder 9 with fixation of the edges of the grids on the holder by means of ring washers 16 and screws 17, and the barrel 2 is placed in the through hole of the holder 9 in the grid cassette and connected to means for supplying fire extinguishing agent thereto.

Inside the barrel 2 there is an ejector mixer in the form of a Laval nozzle with a pipe 21 (Fig. 1) for supplying a fast-hardening foam component based on foamed silica gel into the barrel.

In FIG. 5 – 14 show photos of the installation in a stationary and mobile version with manual control, in the form of an attachment on a foam lift truck, in a stationary version on a fire truck and fire boat.

In FIG. 15 and 16 - irrigation map and installation radius.

In FIG. 17 - 22 – photos of examples of practical application of the proposed installation when extinguishing various fires.

Implementation of a utility model

The proposed installation for combined fire extinguishing with air-mechanical foam of medium expansion, air-mechanical foam of low expansion, atomized and dispersed water and quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel can be used to extinguish various forest, emergency transport, emergency industrial and other large-scale fires , in particular when extinguishing various fires of flammable and combustible liquids, liquefied natural and hydrocarbon gases (LNG and LPG), solid combustible materials, vehicles and industrial technical equipment, as well as for creating light and heat shields and cooling in areas of accidents and disasters , natural disasters, for degassing and decontamination, camouflage of civil and military objects.

The characteristic design features of the installation, which are in a cause-and-effect relationship with the achieved technical result, are:

the ability to generate and supply, under pressure, air-mechanical foam of medium expansion with a multiplicity of 30 ± 10, obtained as a result of generation and turbulent mixing in the process of co-movement of contiguous jets of low expansion foam formed in the barrel with a multiplicity of 5 to 15, and at least one generated on the mesh cassette there are jets of air-mechanical foam of medium expansion with a multiplicity from 25 to 70, obtained by feeding a foam concentrate solution onto the mesh cassette and into the barrel;

the ability to generate and supply under pressure air-mechanical foam of low expansion with a expansion ratio from 5 to 15, obtained by feeding a foaming agent solution into the barrel or by supplying water into the barrel and feeding a foaming agent component into the barrel through an ejector;

the ability to generate and supply sprayed water and dispersed water under pressure when supplying water to the grid cassette and to the barrel;

the ability to generate in the barrel and supply under pressure a fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, obtained by mixing in the barrel one component of a quick-hardening foam supplied to the barrel in the form of an aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium silicate and a foaming agent and another component of a quick-hardening foam supplied through an ejector mixer in the form of an aqueous solution of acetic acid to obtain in the barrel a quick-hardening foam in the form of a foamed silica gel containing, wt.%, 13-65%, 20-50% silica, 1-15%, 6% foaming surfactant, water - the rest, having volumetric mass of 0.1-0.8 g/cm ³ , volumetric stability of at least 22 hours with a change in volume of no more than 10%, and in a dehydrated state having a volumetric mass of 0.05-0.1 g/cm ³ and retaining at least 95% of the volumetric form when heated to a temperature of 1000°C for at least 40 minutes, having a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² /g, a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20 with hardness according to the viscosity index more than 100 Pa⋅s;

possibility of manual and/or remote control of turns in vertical and horizontal planes.

The original design of the mesh cassette used in the device ensures not only tight tension of the meshes, uniform over the area, rigid and reliable fixation of the meshes in the cassette and the mesh cassette inside the installation body at an optimal distance from the nozzles, but also ensures the effective formation of two long-range combined jets of medium expansion or spray foam water by means of two grids located with an optimal gap relative to each other, as well as a jet of low expansion foam or sprayed water in contact with them to obtain a single combined jet of air-mechanical foam or sprayed water.

Placing a mesh cassette inside the unit body so that the mesh fixed between the outer and intermediate rims faces the nozzle, and the mesh fixed between the intermediate and inner rims faces towards the exit of the foam jet allows not only to significantly increase the reliability of the design and long-term normal operation of the mesh cassette in foam generators under extreme conditions, even with a pressure at the inlet of the fire extinguishing liquid above 1.2 MPa (12 kg/cm ² ), but also to ensure the formation and supply of a combined jet of air-mechanical foam of medium expansion or sprayed water with increasing expansion and decreasing density in the direction from the center to the periphery at a distance of more than 40-55 m.

The proposed installation can be manufactured permanently mounted on a fire and explosion hazardous facility or mounted on an automobile, rail, air, watercraft or all-terrain mobile vehicle or trailer, placed in a container or on a container installed and used on the decks of sea vessels, offshore platforms or on shore-based facilities .

All this proves the confident achievement of the required technical result when implementing and using the utility model, namely, the implementation of the utility model provides the opportunity to increase the efficiency of extinguishing various emergency transport, forest, industrial and other fires.

As shown in the drawings, the same design and grid cassettes and the installation as a whole can be used in combined fire extinguishing installations of different designs in manual and stationary versions, with oscillating devices and with remote control in fire extinguishing systems, in design for fresh and sea water.

The installation can be equipped with standard quick-release connections (type TZA, Kamlok, flange connections, etc.), allowing them to be mounted and used on all types of domestic and foreign fire fighting equipment.

Standard and specially designed connections ensure quick and easy installation of the unit on stationary and mobile equipment and in fire extinguishing systems, as well as the possibility of using them either as trunks with GM connecting heads in accordance with GOST R 53279-2009, or as attachments on stationary and auto-mechanical ladders , or as attachments for foam lifters, or as stationary installations with flange connections, etc.

If there are rotation units, the installations can be produced with manual control, with wired or radio remote control for turning the generator in horizontal and vertical planes; with combined switchable manual and remote control.

The installation can be placed on mobile hand trucks, cars and car trailers, sea vessels, industrial premises, public and residential buildings, etc. in stationary version.

Thus, all individual essential features and the totality of essential features of a utility model shown in detail in the drawings and in the description are essential and are in a cause-and-effect relationship with the technical result obtained from the use of the utility model.

The mesh cassette used in the installation contains three coaxially installed with interference one inside the other and the inner 10, intermediate 11 and outer 12 ring rims and two tightly stretched meshes located with a gap relative to each other, one of which 13 is fixed by the edges in the gap between the outer and intermediate rims, and the other mesh 14 is fixed by its edges in the gap between the intermediate and inner cylindrical annular rims.

In this case, an annular holder 9 with a through hole to accommodate a barrel of low expansion foam or atomized water is installed and secured in the inner rim by means of flat ribs 18 parallel to the direction of movement of the foam solution or water flows in the housing (Fig. 2-3).

The grid cassette used in the installation is made as follows:

The first mesh 13 is placed between the inner rim 10, installed coaxially relative to each other, containing an annular holder 9 with a hole for placing a barrel 2 of low-expansion foam or sprayed water in it, and an inner rim, inside of which, by means of flat ribs 18, a holder 9 with a hole for placing it contains 2 barrels of low expansion foam or sprayed water.

By axial movement of the inner rim 10 relative to the intermediate rim 11, the inner rim 10 is pushed with tension inside the intermediate rim 11 with the first mesh 13 stretched onto the bottom of the inner rim 10 and the edges of the first mesh 13 fixed in the gap between the mating side surfaces of the intermediate rim 11 and the inner rim 10.

Then, a second mesh 14 is placed on top of the inner 10 and intermediate 11 rims aligned with each other with the first mesh 13 stretched over the bottom of the inner rim 10, the outer rim 12 is coaxially installed above them, and by axial movement of the outer rim 12 relative to the intermediate 11 and aligned with each other of the inner 10 rims with the first mesh 13 stretched over the bottom of the inner rim, push the outer rim 12 onto the intermediate 11 and inner 10 rims aligned with each other, pulling the second mesh 14 onto the top of the intermediate rim 11 and fixing the edges of the second mesh in the gap between the mating side surfaces of the outer 12 and intermediate 11 rims.

After this, on the outer sides of the meshes 13 and 14 above and below the hole in the cage 9, holes are cut out in the meshes for the barrel 2 of low-expansion foam or sprayed water, washers 16 with holes for placing the barrel 2 of low-expansion foam or sprayed water are placed above the holes cut in the meshes and by means of screws 17, washers 16 are fastened to the edges of the cage 9 with tight fixation of the edges of the holes in the first 13 and second 14 grids around the hole in the cage 9 to obtain a through hole in the cassette for subsequent placement of a barrel 2 of low expansion foam or sprayed water.

In this case, during the manufacturing process of the mesh cassette, after stretching the first mesh 13 onto the bottom of the inner rim 10, the edges of the first mesh 13 protruding above the rims 10 and 11 are cut off and the position of the inner 10 and intermediate 11 rims relative to each other is fixed by spot welding,

and after stretching the second mesh 14 onto the top of the intermediate rim 11, the edges of the second mesh 14 protruding above the rims are cut off and the position of the outer 12 and intermediate 11 rims relative to each other is fixed by spot welding,

or after stretching the second mesh 14 onto the top of the intermediate rim 11, the edges of the second mesh 14 protruding above the rims 11 and 12 are folded along the side surface of the outer rim 12 and the position of the outer 12 and intermediate 11 rims relative to each other is fixed by spot welding,

obtaining variants of the design of the mesh cassette described above.

The mesh cassette can use a mesh with nominal dimensions of the cell sides in the clear of 0.8-1.12 mm in accordance with GOST 3826, made of wire with a diameter of 03.04 mm from high-alloy steel, or a mesh in accordance with GOST 6613 from semi-pompak wire with the same cell sizes and wire diameter.

The combined fire extinguishing installation (UKTP), using the example of the UKTP PURGA 30 produced by the applicant, is manufactured as follows (Fig. 1-3):

A rectangular blank is cut out of a thin-walled metal sheet of predominantly stainless steel or ordinary painted steel, from which a cylindrical body 3 of the required dimensions is made by bending and welding, on which on one side (from the side where the foam stream exits) an annular protrusion 6 with a radius, concave into the body 3, is formed from 3 to 5 mm, and on the other side (from the side of subsequent installation of the nozzle 4) an outwardly convex annular protrusion 5 with a radius of 3 to 5 mm is formed.

A grid cassette 4, prefabricated using the technology described in detail above, is installed inside the housing 3 on the side of subsequent installation of injectors 1 with an emphasis on the annular protrusion 6 concave inside the housing so that the mesh 13, fixed by the edges between the outer 12 and intermediate 11 rims, faces the direction of subsequent installation of injectors 1, and the mesh 14 fixed by the edges between the intermediate 11 and inner 10 rims (Fig. 6, 7) was turned towards the exit of jets of foam or sprayed water, which ensures maximum reliability, strength and durability of the normal functioning of the mesh.

The grid cassette 4 in housing 3 is fixed from the outside with screws or self-tapping screws.

Then protective plastic hoops 8 are put on the edges of the body 3, stops 7 are screwed to the body and screws or self-tapping screws 19 are screwed to the distribution manifold 19 with a means of connecting to the fire extinguishing agent supply pipeline 20, made in the form of a quick-release/detachable connection with rotary eccentric camlock type clamps, or a standard connection head, or a flange with holes for bolting to the fire extinguishing agent supply line.

The figs shown in the photo are manufactured in a similar manner. 8-17 design options for installation with various means of connecting the installation to a pressure pipeline for supplying a solution of a fire extinguishing agent in the form of a foaming agent solution or water.

Individual parts and assemblies of the proposed installation must be made from structural elements and materials commonly used in fire-fighting technology, on conventional equipment, using conventional technologies known and used in the field of modern fire-extinguishing and fire-explosion prevention technology.

The combined fire extinguishing installation (UKTP), using the example of the UKTP PURGA 30 produced by the applicant, functions as follows:

A solution of foaming agent or water from the pressure pipeline is supplied to nozzles 1, from where, under a working pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa, it is supplied to the central zones of the grid cassette 4 and to the barrel 2.

At the same time, due to the ejection effect and vacuum created by a conical flow of foaming agent solution or water, expanding in the direction of movement from the nozzles to the grid cassette, atmospheric air is sucked into the peripheral zones of the grid cassette.

Inside the grid cassette between grids 13 and 14, drops of a foaming agent solution or water and peripheral air flows are mixed to produce a jet of a combined stream of medium expansion foam or sprayed water at the outlet of the grid cassette with increasing expansion and decreasing density in the direction from the center to the periphery.

As a result, at the exit from housing 3, two streams of combined air-mechanical foam of medium expansion are formed, consisting of polydisperse bubbles with a thickened (watered) shell - foam of reduced expansion - located in the central part of the flow, and bubbles with a thinned (dehydrated) shell located in the peripheral parts of the flow. shell - foams of increased expansion, which, when further mixed in the process of joint movement, form a hybrid foam of medium expansion with increased fire-extinguishing properties and an increased supply range.

At the same time, a jet of low-expansion foam or dispersed water is formed in barrel 2, which, in contact with the jets of medium-expansion foam emerging from the mesh cassette during their joint co-movement, forms and provides a remote supply of a single combined jet of medium-expansion foam or sprayed water.

The flows of medium expansion foam or sprayed water generated by the installation with increasing expansion ratio and decreasing density in the direction from the center to the periphery have a significantly increased range compared to homogeneous flows due to the presence in the central part of a flow with increased density and increased kinetic energy.

It is known that foam is the most effective and widely used fire extinguishing agent, which is a dispersed system consisting of cells - air (gas) bubbles, separated by films of liquid containing a foaming agent [GOST R 50588-2012. Foaming agents for extinguishing fires. General technical requirements and test methods].

The main physical and chemical properties of the foam are:

multiplicity - the ratio of the volume of foam to the volume of the foaming agent solution contained in the foam;

dispersion – degree of bubble refinement (bubble size);

viscosity - the ability of foam to spread over a surface;

durability – the ability of foam to resist the process of destruction [ibid.].

Depending on the expansion ratio (K), foams are divided into four groups:

foam emulsions, K < 3;

low expansion foams, 3 < K < 20;

medium expansion foam, 20 < K < 200;

high expansion foam, K > 200 [ Sharovarnikov A.F., Sharovarnikov S.A. Foaming agents and fire extinguishing foams. Composition, properties, application. M.: Pozhnauka, 2005. - 335 p.].

The dispersion of the foam is inversely proportional to the average diameter of the bubbles.

It is known that the higher the dispersion, the higher the foam resistance and fire extinguishing efficiency. The degree of foam dispersion largely depends on the conditions for its production, including the characteristics of the equipment. The expansion ratio and dispersion of the foam determine the insulating ability of the foam and its fluidity. [Bobkov S.A., Baburin A.V., Komrakov P.V. Physico-chemical foundations of the development and extinguishing of fires: textbook. manual / - M.: Academy of State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, 2014. - 210 p.].

The fire extinguishing properties of foam are:

insulating effect - preventing the entry of flammable vapors, gases or air into the combustion zone, causing the cessation of combustion;

cooling effect - due to the presence of a significant amount of liquid in predominantly low expansion foam.

The cooling effect of foam is due to the water released from the foam.

The insulating effect is due to the formation of a foam layer that prevents oxygen from reaching the fire zone, including:

separation effect, which consists in isolating the liquid from the vapor phase;

the displacement effect causing the isolation of the flammable substance from the air;

blocking effect in which foam prevents the evaporation of a flammable liquid.

Low expansion foams (3 < K < 20) Due to the significant amount of water in the interbubble partitions (in the Plateau-Gibbs channels), they predominantly exhibit a cooling fire extinguishing effect, which is caused by the cooling effect of the foam itself and the water released from the foam.

Medium expansion foam (20 < K < 200) Due to the smaller amount of water in the interbubble partitions (in the Plateau-Gibbs channels), they predominantly exhibit an insulating fire extinguishing effect, caused by the creation of an atmosphere depleted in oxygen and saturated with water vapor above the combustion zone, which helps slow down and completely stop the combustion.

At the same time, due to the larger amount of water present in low-expansion foam and, accordingly, the greater density (weight per unit volume), low-expansion foam compared to medium-expansion foams can be supplied from longer distances, which significantly affects the safety of fire personnel during large-scale and explosive accidents with liquefied gases.

A characteristic distinctive feature of the proposed technical solutions is the production and use of air-mechanical foam with a multiplicity of 30 ± 10 based on synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agents.

The authors in the applicant’s laboratory have experimentally established and theoretically substantiated that the resulting hybrid air-mechanical foam differs significantly in its structure, viscosity, dispersion, rheological, thixotropic and other properties significant for explosion prevention and fire extinguishing from the known properties of low and medium expansion foams based on hydrocarbon and fluorine-containing foaming agents.

It was revealed that as a result of turbulent shockless mixing of low-expansion foam bubbles and medium-expansion foam bubbles in the hybrid foam, average-sized foam bubbles are formed, larger in comparison with low-expansion foam bubbles, but with thicker water-containing Plato channels compared to medium-expansion foams -Gibbs.

As experimentally established by the authors, the structure of a hybrid foam with water-air bubbles unique in its structure and fire-extinguishing properties allows not only to better contain the high temperature of the flame without significant destruction of the volume of the hybrid foam itself, that is, to more effectively isolate the surface of the fire, but also to deliver jets of hybrid foam to significantly longer distances compared to medium expansion foam jets or combined low expansion and medium expansion foam jets.

The authors also experimentally established that when a hybrid air-mechanical foam is exposed to the surface of a liquefied natural or hydrocarbon gas spill, a synergistic effect is manifested due to the simultaneous influence of several factors - cooling, dilution of atmospheric water vapor in the zone of evaporation and combustion of gas, thermal insulation and a sharp decrease in gas concentration and vapors of flammable liquids above the foam layer in the combustion zone until the rate of the chemical reaction decreases and the subsequent decrease in the flame temperature to the extinction temperature.

This is due to the average dispersion and thickening of the water-containing Gibbs-Plateau channels of the hybrid foam compared to low- and medium-expansion foams or compared to foam in combined low- and medium-expansion foam jets.

Full-scale tests of installations with the proposed grid cassette under the conditions of practical extinguishing of various real fires (Fig. 20-25) show a confident solution to the formulated problem (posed inventive task) and the real achievement of the required technical result - increasing the efficiency of extinguishing emergency transport, forest, industrial emergencies and other large-scale fires as a result of the creation, manufacture and practical use of the proposed installation, which is structurally simple, manufacturable and reliable in operation, and also proves:

- simplicity and manufacturability of manufacturing, preparation for use, use, assembly/disassembly and repair of the proposed mesh cassette for medium expansion foam generators;

- simplicity and efficiency of operation;

- high reliability of operation for a long time (up to 7 years);

- the ability to generate a jet of air-mechanical hybrid foam of medium expansion or sprayed water with high productivity and sufficient for safe work for fire personnel (40-55 m), which are most effective for extinguishing and preventing the spread of most fires;

- the possibility of manual and stationary use of installations with the proposed grid cassette with the possibility of manual and automatic control, the ability to create automatic oscillatory movements in various angular ranges, ensuring prompt, fast and uniform coverage of the entire surface of the fire with hybrid foam of medium expansion or sprayed water.

Comparative tests of the medium expansion foam generator GPS-600 and the medium expansion foam generator type UKTP PURGA 30 produced by the applicant in the basic design version showed the following main technical and operational parameters and indicators, listed in Table 1:

Table 1.

The name of indicators GPS-600
according to GOST 50409-92 Medium expansion foam generator type UKTP PURGA 30 with mesh cassette
according to utility model Water capacity (foaming agent aqueous solution) [l/s] 4.8-6 thirty Distance of medium expansion foam jet [m] 10 45-50 Height of medium expansion foam jet [m] 5 20-27 Inlet pressure [MPa (kg/ ^cm2 )] 0.6 (6) 0.8 1.2 (8-12) Foam ratio 100±30 30±10 dimensions Length 610 1255 Width 350 625 Height, diameter of the body at the location where the grids are installed 310 590 Weight [kg] 4.45 40-50

A characteristic feature of the proposed device is the ability to generate, supply under pressure for extinguishing and localizing fires with quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel.

The chemical process for producing a silica foam gel and a layer of foamed silica material based on dehydrated foamed silica includes a step of forming a silica sol and a stage of foaming the silica sol to form a foamed silica gel and release water, as well as a stage of dehydrating the foamed silica gel to obtain a solid foamed silica material. .

The formation of a silica sol occurs as a result of mixing and mutual homogenization of a mixture of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate, predominantly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, predominantly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent (component A), and a silica sol formation activator (component B).

The transition of an alkali metal silicate, then preferably sodium silicate, into silica is caused by the chemical reaction of hydrolysis of sodium silicate in an aqueous medium in the presence of a sol formation activator with the formation of silicic acid and subsequent condensation of silicic acid, which promotes the nucleation of the dispersed phase of the silica sol and the release of water.

The influence of the ash formation activator on the polymerization of formed silica monomers and the limitation of this stage of the process from further gelation is determined by the size of the hydrodynamic radius of particles in the range of up to 50 nm, since it is known that an increase in the concentration and size of the dispersed phase leads to the appearance of coagulation contacts between particles and the beginning of structuring

As the authors' studies have shown, as an activator of ash formation of silica from alkali metal silicate (component B), it is advisable to use acidic solutions with a pH from 0.5 to 5, for example, an aqueous solution - from 20 to 60%, preferably from 30-50% aqueous acetic acid solution

The volume ratio of components A and B ranges from 15:1 to 6:1, preferably 10:1.

Components A and B are mixed and foamed in a barrel with an ejector to form a fast-hardening silica foam with a multiplicity of 2 - 60, with the reactions of silica sol formation and polycondensation of silica sol with the sol-gel transition of silica occurring in the foam medium to produce a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness when used the above components in the specified ratio for from 1 second to 1.5 minutes and a change in its volume of no more than 10% within 24 hours.

As a result of the natural or forced release of moisture from the foamed silica gel, a solid ceramic foam material based on the foamed silica gel is obtained, which, while maintaining the foam structure, is thermally stable when exposed to temperatures of at least 1000 ° C for up to 60 minutes, which allows the use of the resulting foamed silica gel and foam ceramic material based on foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent for explosion and fire prevention, including for extinguishing and localizing forest fires by creating fire-resistant foam barrier strips, as an insulating material in construction and in other industries, for localizing radiation hazardous areas and emergency spills of hazardous chemicals , for fire and explosion prevention during emergency pouring of molten metals such as copper, aluminum, etc.

As the authors' research has shown, it is advisable to mix components A and B simultaneously with foaming the mixture of components A and B in a barrel with an ejector.

The resulting fast-hardening silica foam has good adhesion to various fire extinguishing objects, including vertical metal surfaces, and high structural and mechanical resistance to the adverse effects of external factors, such as heat flows and wind.

The concentrations and conditions of mutual dispersion of the alkali metal silicate and the silica ash formation activator, as well as the concentration of sodium silicate, the chemical properties of the foaming surfactant have a significant impact on the process of ash formation and foaming during foaming, and therefore the choice of concentrations and specific components of the foaming surfactant substances and silica sol formation activator may vary in specific cases.

As the research conducted by the authors has shown, mixing the components and foaming the mixture to form a foamed silica gel is advisable to carry out in the time range from 1-5 seconds, during which the mechanical strength of the gel is gained with the formation of a subsolid mass of foamed silica with a viscosity of up to 100 Pa⋅s, which, as is known, corresponds to the concept of a solid state of matter.

In addition, within this particular time range, foam is usually supplied to the fire source from a distance of up to 10 m or more.

The growth of silica monomer chains as a result of polycondensation of silica sol particles leads to an increase in their average hydrodynamic radius and, consequently, to an increase in coagulation contacts between silica sol nanoparticles.

Due to the high homogenization of the mixture of an alkali metal silicate solution with a surfactant and a solution of a sol formation activator during the process of simultaneous mixing and foaming in an ejector mixer-foam generator at the stage of formation of a silica sol, the achievement of an energy barrier that determines the possibility of chemical interaction of individual monomers of the silica sol through an equilibrium The thickness of the layer of foam walls as a dispersion medium occurs throughout the entire volume of the foamed mixture of components with sufficiently high homogeneity.

This makes it possible to ensure the transition of a mixture of solutions from the state of a silica sol into a silica gel at a sufficiently high speed with the formation of a fast-hardening foamed silica gel.

Further polycondensation of the silica sol particles into a silica gel in the foam results in the release of chemically bound water molecules and densification of the formed inorganic polymer foamed silica, releasing water and dehydration.

External factors, such as exposure to high temperature during a fire, can accelerate the water release and dehydration stage, and the increase in thermal stability of the inorganic silica polymer will be proportional to the number of chemically bound water molecules released, which ultimately increases the fire extinguishing ability of the silica foam.

As a result of a detailed physicochemical process, a foamed silica gel is obtained, which, according to the results of studies conducted by the authors, in a non-dehydrated state, has the following basic properties and characteristics:

contains, wt.%, 13-65%, preferably 20-50% silica, 1-15%, preferably 6% foaming surfactant, water - the rest;

has a volumetric mass of 0.1-0.8 g/cm ³ ;

has volume stability of at least 22 hours with a volume change of no more than 10%.

In a dehydrated state, the foamed silica gel has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g/cm ³ and

retains at least 95% of its volumetric shape when heated to a temperature of 1000°C for at least 40 minutes;

has a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² /g;

has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity from 2 to 20;

has a hardness in terms of viscosity of more than 100 Pa⋅s;

has a white or yellowish-white color.

Foamed silica gel in the preferred embodiment of the utility model is obtained by ejection mixing and foaming of a mixture of an aqueous solution of 10-70%, 20-50% sodium silicate, and 1-15%, 6%, a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, from 1 to 6%, from 20 to 50% aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a mass ratio of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate with a foaming surfactant and an aqueous solution of acetic acid from 15:1 to 5:1, preferably 10:1.

Foamed silica gel is obtained on the basis of an aqueous solution of silica sol, formed in the process of hydrolysis of a foamed mixture of sodium silicate solution with a foaming agent with a pH of 10.5 to 12.0 and a sol formation activator with a pH of 1 to 5 when using an acid solution or with a pH of 3 up to 8 when using a salt solution, with a hydrodynamic radius of silica particles of no more than 50 nm during ejection foaming of a silica sol solution during the growth of silica monomers to an average diameter of silica sol of 100 nm with a gain in mechanical strength in terms of dynamic viscosity from 20 mPa⋅s to 100 Pa ⋅s in the time range 1-10 seconds.

Soluble alkali metal silicate of lithium, potassium, sodium, usually called “liquid glass”, is a viscous liquid with the general chemical formula R ₂ O⋅mSiO ₂ ⋅nH ₂ O (where R ₂ O is an alkali metal oxide, m is the modulus of liquid glass ) with a density of 1400-1500 kg/m ³ and a coefficient of dynamic viscosity of up to 1 Pa⋅s.

Liquid sodium glass is mixed with water in any ratio and when contained in the fire extinguishing composition in the specified amount (10-70%, mainly from 20 to 70%), it changes the viscosity of the solution from 6 mPa⋅s to 40 mPa⋅s when the density of the solution changes from 1020 kg/m ³ to 1250 kg/m ³ .

In the specified concentration range of liquid glass in an aqueous solution, the viscosity of the solution increases by 4-500 times compared to the viscosity of water (0.001 Pa⋅s, 20°C). Such a change in the viscosity of aqueous solutions used to extinguish fires is practically unattainable when using organic or inorganic thickeners.

In addition, when liquid glass is dissolved in water, the density of the solution increases significantly, which helps to increase the kinetic energy of movement of a stream of fire extinguishing solution or foam compared to the energy of a stream of water directed at the source of combustion at the same speed. The flight range of a jet of fire extinguishing solution or foam also increases.

When preparing the proposed fire extinguishing agent, it is necessary to use liquid glass with a module m=SiO ₂ /R ₂ O=2.5-3.2. This range selection is based on the economic feasibility of using the most common and available liquid glass compositions.

The indicated interval of the silicate module makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of its production, having a positive economic effect on the created product. However, it is possible to use a different module with a slight deviation from the set one in the range of ±0.5.

This range covers almost all types of liquid glass produced by industry.

The shelf life of liquid glass solution in sealed metal containers is practically unlimited and does not cause metal corrosion.

The selection of the concentration of reagents was based on the conditions that the increase in hardness of the foamed substrate from a silica sol upon transition to the gel state was accompanied by an increase in viscosity to 100 Pa⋅s over a set time interval of 1-10 seconds.

The lower value of the set time interval (1 s) is determined based on the minimum possible time for homogenization of a mixture of solutions with simultaneous foaming.

The upper value of the established time interval (10 seconds) was determined experimentally based on visual observation of the deterioration of the structural and mechanical parameters of foam at fire extinguishing facilities.

With intensive homogenization of a mixture of component B (mainly an aqueous solution of acetic acid) and component A, consisting of an aqueous solution of a surfactant and an alkali metal silicate, a silica sol can be obtained, which is promising for producing foamed silica gel, but the key parameters in In this case, the concentrations of silicate and sol formation activator, the conditions for mixing and foaming of the components, which were determined experimentally by the authors.

The studies took into account such indicators as the stability of the foam material, the structure of the foam material, the expansion ratio of the foam material, fire extinguishing properties and heat resistance of the material.

Stability is characterized by the period of time during which the foams did not change their volume (i.e., a 10% decrease in volume).

The structure of the foam material was assessed visually after hardening and drying (after approximately 3 days at a temperature of 25±5°C).

The foam expansion ratio was determined by the gravimetric method.

Fire extinguishing properties - extinguishing time of a model fire 1A.

Heat resistance - the preservation of the structure and properties of the material when heated to a certain temperature, above which partial melting of the surface layer begins and its compaction begins.

A distinctive characteristic feature of the proposed installation for explosion and fire prevention and extinguishing is the possibility of obtaining a foamed silica gel, forming a fast-hardening foam of low and medium expansion, obtained by ejection mixing and foaming in the barrel of the liquid components of the fire extinguishing agent: component A - an aqueous solution of a mixture of alkali metal silicate, predominantly sodium silicate , and a foaming surfactant, predominantly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, and component B - an activator of silica ash formation in the form of an aqueous solution of predominantly acetic acid.

The fire extinguishing agent of the proposed installation is a foamed silica gel, which forms a quick-hardening foam obtained by mixing two liquid components of the fire extinguishing agent - component A and component B and ejection foaming of their mixture with atmospheric air.

Component A is an aqueous solution of a mixture of an alkali metal silicate, preferably sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, preferably a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, with a pH of 10.5 to 12.0, at a ratio, wt.%, of 10-70%, preferably 20-50% sodium silicate, 1-15%, preferably 6% foaming surfactant, 30-79% water.

Component B - an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate silica ash formation activator is from 20 to 60%, preferably from 30-50%, an aqueous solution of predominantly acetic acid with a pH from 0.5 to 5.

The volume ratio of components A and B ranges from 15:1 to 6:1, preferably 10:1.

A mixture of components A and B is foamed by atmospheric air in a barrel with an ejector with the formation of a fast-hardening silica foam (foamed silica gel) with the occurrence of silica sol formation reactions and polycondensation of silica sol in the foam medium, with a sol-gel transition of silica and with the production of a foamed silica gel with a set of it hardness for from 2 seconds to 2 minutes and a change in its volume in the hardened state of no more than 10% within 24 hours.

As a result of the release of excess moisture from the foamed silica gel, a solid foam-ceramic material based on the foamed silica gel is obtained, which, while maintaining the foam structure, has thermal stability when exposed to temperatures of at least 1000 ° C for up to 60 minutes, which allows the use of the resulting foamed silica gel and foam-ceramic material based on foamed silica gel as an effective fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing and explosion and fire prevention, including by creating fire-resistant foam barrier strips.

If necessary, the resulting solid foam (solid foam-ceramic material based on foamed silica gel) can be mechanically destroyed to obtain fine silica powder, which in chemical essence is environmentally friendly fine ordinary sand SiO ₂ .

Thus, fire fighting by means of silica gel foam, which forms a fast-hardening heat-resistant inorganic foam, is carried out through an effective combination of all factors, combining the individual advantages of various types of known fire extinguishers.

The specific technical advantages of the proposed installation for explosion and fire prevention and solid foam extinguishing with silica foam gel are as follows:

1) free, physically and chemically bound water of the silica foam gel lowers the temperature of the fire zone, absorbing latent heat and helping to extinguish the fire;

2) the foamed silica gel forms an excellent heat-resistant and heat-insulating layer, limiting the hot combustion zone, which, despite being cooled by process (1), can radiate heat, spreading it to adjacent water-cooled zones;

3) solid silica foam forms a covering layer in the form of a protective heat-gas-insulating fire-resistant coating that prevents any ignition of the combustible material of a given zone found under this covering layer;

4) solid silica foam with nano-sized silica particles creates a barrier between the combustible material not yet engulfed in fire and the oxygen of the adjacent atmosphere for the oxygen necessary for combustion to occur;

5) nano-sized silica particles, due to the formation of a three-dimensional lattice structure, not only retain water well, but also ensure the adhesion of fine silica particles to the fire extinguishing object, and quick-hardening foam, unlike water and conventional liquid air-mechanical water foam, which flows from vertical, inclined and uneven surfaces ensure the formation of a solid foam heat and gas insulating barrier.

As field tests have shown, the use of the proposed installation for combined fire extinguishing with medium-expansion air-mechanical foam, low-expansion air-mechanical foam, sprayed water and fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, in comparison with known fire extinguishing agents with medium expansion foam, is most promising in the process of eliminating large-scale fires :

at enterprises of the fuel, chemical, oil refining industries;

at enterprises of the forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, in forests and on agricultural land;

when extinguishing post-accident fires of air transport on the ground, accidents, disasters in non-railway, sea and river transport;

when neutralizing and disposing of potent toxic substances.

The use of the installation makes it possible to implement new modern technologies for producing and supplying air-mechanical foam of medium expansion or atomized water with increased range and spreading speed over the combustion surface, which allows:

reduce fire extinguishing time compared to traditional means in warehouses of ammunition and highly toxic substances;

significantly reduce the number of firemen directly involved in fire extinguishing;

reduce the risk to human health and life, since fire extinguishing can be carried out at a considerable distance from the burning object;

increase mobility and mechanization of the process of delivering water and foam to the combustion zone.

Taking into account the novelty of individual and aggregate essential features, the technical solution to the problem, the significance of all general and particular features of the utility model, disclosed in detail in the description and shown in the drawings, the technical feasibility and industrial applicability of the utility model proven in the section “Implementation of the utility model”, a confident solution to the current problem , the confident achievement of the required technical result in the implementation and use of the utility model has been proven - increasing the efficiency of extinguishing emergency transport, forest, industrial and other fires.

This also proves that the proposed technical solutions to the current problem comply with all established patentability requirements for a utility model, and also proves that the essence of the claimed utility model is disclosed in the application documents with completeness sufficient for the implementation of the utility model.

The analysis also shows that all the general and specific features of a utility model are essential, since each of them is necessary, and together they are not only sufficient to achieve the purpose of the utility model, but also allow the utility model to be implemented industrially.

Claims (26)

1. Combined fire extinguishing installation, characterized by the fact that manufactured with the ability to separately generate and separately supply under pressure air-mechanical foam of medium expansion, air-mechanical foam of low expansion, atomized water, dispersed water and fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel and contains two generators mounted on a traverse, each of which contains frame, a grid cassette located inside the body, nozzles located in front of the grid cassette for supplying fire extinguishing agents to the grid cassette, a barrel with an ejector mixer located inside the barrel with an ejection suction pipe into the barrel of the fire extinguishing agent component, pipelines for supplying fire extinguishing agents to the nozzles and into the barrel and valves for opening/closing fire extinguishing agent supply pipelines, in this case, the grid cassette is made of coaxially installed with interference one inside the other an inner rim with an annular holder installed and secured in it by means of flat ribs parallel to the direction of movement in the body of the fire extinguishing agent with a through hole for placing the barrel in it, intermediate rim, outer rim and two grids located with a gap relative to each other, one of which is fixed by its edges in the gap between the mating side surfaces of the outer and intermediate rims, and the other mesh is fixed by its edges in the gap between the mating side surfaces of the intermediate and inner rims, the meshes have holes coaxial and commensurate with the through hole of the cage with fixation of the edges of the meshes on the frame using ring washers and screws, and the barrel is placed in the through hole of the holder in the grid cassette and is connected to the pipelines supplying fire extinguishing agents to it. 2. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the ejector mixer located in the barrel is made in the form of a Laval nozzle. 3. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the ability to generate and supply under pressure air-mechanical foam of medium expansion with a multiplicity of 30 ± 10, obtained as a result of generation and turbulent mixing in the process of co-movement of contiguous jets of low foam formed in the barrel multiplicity with a multiplicity from 5 to 15 and at least one jet of air-mechanical foam of average multiplicity generated on a grid cassette with a multiplicity from 25 to 70, obtained by feeding a foam concentrate solution onto the grid cassette and into the barrel. 4. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the ability to generate and supply under pressure air-mechanical foam of low expansion with an expansion ratio of 5 to 15, obtained by feeding a foaming agent solution into the barrel or by supplying water into the barrel and feeding it into the ejector foam mixer. 5. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the ability to generate and supply sprayed and dispersed water under pressure when supplying water to the grid cassette and to the barrel. 6. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the ability to generate in the barrel and supply under pressure a quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, obtained by mixing in the barrel one component of a quick-hardening foam supplied to the barrel in the form of an aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium silicate and a foaming agent and another component of quick-hardening foam supplied through an ejector mixer in the form of an aqueous solution of acetic acid to obtain in the barrel of quick-hardening foam in the form of a foamed silica gel containing, wt.%, 13-65%, 20-50% silica, 1-15% , 6% foaming surfactant, water - the rest, having a volumetric mass of 0.1-0.8 g/cm ³ , volumetric stability of at least 22 hours with a volume change of no more than 10%, and in a dehydrated state having a volumetric mass of 0 .05-0.1 g/cm ³ and retaining at least 95% of the volumetric shape when heated to a temperature of 1000°C for at least 40 minutes, having a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² /g, plastic gel structure with a multiplicity from 2 to 20 with a hardness in terms of viscosity of more than 100 Pa⋅s. 7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of manual and/or remote control of turns in the vertical and horizontal planes. 8. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with means for connecting/disconnecting to the pipelines for supplying fire extinguishing agents in the form of a solution of foaming agent, water and components of quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel. 9. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an adapter with a locking chain that ensures a horizontal position of the housing when the installation is rotated in the vertical and horizontal planes. 10. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is manufactured permanently mounted on a fire and explosion hazardous facility on an automobile, railway, air, watercraft or all-terrain mobile vehicle or trailer, placed in a container or on a container installed and used on the decks of sea vessels, sea platforms or on shore-based facilities.