RU2262333C1 - Device for immobilizing and evacuating people - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has air-proof flexible chamber, connection tube, heat insulation granules enclosed in the chamber, degasifying treatment starter and protective removable case. The case has at least two handles, fastening straps, and means for setting stiffening ribs. The connection tube has shutoff valve, and check valve. The air-proof flexible chamber has at least two spacer members attached to its internal surface. The heat insulation granules additionally have envelope and are manufactured from foamed mineral material.

EFFECT: prolonged strong immobilization of victims; sparing evacuation removed pain loads.

12, cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to equipment for the immobilization and subsequent evacuation of a seriously injured person from the scene of an accident or from another place of the event that ended in severe mechanical injury to the patient.

A device for evacuating a person is known [1], Fierer's medical stretcher, containing a pair of longitudinally located load-bearing bars connected by articulated transverse struts, legs and a cloth, the cloth being made divided into two symmetrical longitudinal parts, the junction of which is equipped with a connecting element for quick disconnection and extraction from under the victim, and the cross struts are equipped with spring clips for quick disconnection.

A disadvantage of the known device is that it does not provide complete immobilization of the victim, therefore, cannot be used for prolonged (more than 1 hour) evacuation on the hands of rescuers (doctors) for the prescribed treatment in conditions of rough terrain (in particular, mountains), because Due to the dynamic effect of various accelerations on the victim who is not immobilized on the stretcher on the stretcher, acute bone fragments fatally affect the tissues and internal organs of the victim, thereby significantly increasing the risk of post-traumatic shock and death.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed object of the invention is a device for immobilizing and evacuating a person [2], comprising an airtight flexible chamber equipped with a nozzle with a shut-off valve and a check valve, heat-insulating granules placed in an airtight flexible chamber, a vacuum evacuation agent and a protective a removable cover provided with at least two handles, fastening straps and means for installing and fixing stiffeners.

The disadvantage of the closest device, the design of which is adopted as a prototype, is that in it the heat-insulating granules are made in the form of agglomerates of easily deformable foam. Therefore, when the victim is immobilized on the prototype device due to the onset of plastic deformation of the foam agglomerates in the granules, the blood flow in the immobilized parts of the victim is blocked, which prevents the victim from being immobilized for more than two hours. This circumstance does not allow the evacuation of the victim at the hands of rescuers (doctors) beyond the critical period indicated above due to known functional disorders in a person from circulatory disorders in one or another immobilized organ and the body as a whole. In addition, the known prototype device has a low threshold of ultimate dynamic loads per unit area of the structure, which is a consequence of the destruction of the agglomerates of the granules of the foam up to a powder state, which makes it difficult to evacuate an airtight flexible chamber due to clogging of the working cavities of the pumping means.

The problem to which the present invention is directed is to provide a device for immobilizing victims of an accident or other mechanically traumatic circumstances and then evacuating the victim in a strictly immobilized state under conditions of prolonged variable dynamic loads for a period of time significantly exceeding the generally recognized critical time (two hours) )

The technical result expected from the claimed invention is the provision of a prolonged substantially more than two critical hours strictly immobilized state of the injured person, providing gentle evacuation under conditions of alternating dynamic loads, as well as the complete elimination of extremely painful sensations arising from the evacuee by means of the victim's immobilizing device due to additional microtrauma in the process of evacuation of its tissues and internal organs bone fragments, potentially threatening the development of shock, complications and, as a rule, death.

An additional technical result is also the provision of reliable fixation of the structural elements of the device (mainly heat-insulating granules to each other with respect to the airtight flexible chamber) while evacuating the airtight flexible chamber in wide temperature ranges and a wide range of alternating dynamic loads.

The technical result is achieved in that in a device for immobilizing and evacuating a person, consisting of an airtight flexible chamber equipped with a nozzle with a shut-off valve and a non-return valve, heat-insulating granules placed in an airtight flexible chamber, a vacuum evacuator and a protective removable cover equipped with at least two handles, fastening straps and means for installing and fixing stiffeners, heat-insulating granules are additionally provided with a shell and made of foam mineral material.

In accordance with the invention, expanded clay and / or pumice are used as foamed mineral material.

In accordance with the invention, the shell is made of spheroplastic.

In accordance with the invention, spheroplastics use glass-spherical plastics on an epoxy binder.

In accordance with the invention, glass spherical plastic contains from 72 to 95% volumetric glass hollow spheres.

In accordance with the invention, glass hollow spheres with a diameter of from 20 to 110 microns with a wall thickness of from 1 to 7 microns are used.

In accordance with the invention, glass hollow spheres with a cavity pressure of 0.15 to 0.4 atm are used.

In accordance with the invention, the shell is perforated to the surface of the insulating granules.

In accordance with the invention, the perforation area is from 3 to 80%.

In accordance with the invention, the airtight flexible chamber is provided with at least two spacing elements placed in an airtight flexible chamber and attached to its inner surface.

In accordance with the invention, the spacing elements are made in the form of flexible cords provided with fastening means at the ends.

In accordance with the invention, the evacuation activator is in the form of a mechanical pump or a gas cylinder with gas evacuated from it.

In accordance with the invention, the gas cylinder is equipped with a vacuum gauge.

The above signs are necessary and sufficient to ensure the functioning of the claimed device and achieve the claimed technical result.

Distinctive features set forth in additional claims of the present invention are of a private nature of the execution of the claimed device and characterize other preferred cases of its implementation.

From the analysis of the existing level of technology, the authors did not establish the fame of technical solutions containing features equivalent to the distinguishing features of the claimed technical solution and leading to the achievement of the claimed technical result, reflecting the solution of a long-known problem with the concomitant achievement of particularly good properties by the proposed object of the invention.

Figure 1 schematically shows a device for immobilizing and evacuating a person (top view) with a vacuum pump in the form of a mechanical pump, and Figure 2 - section AA in Figure 1, Figure 3 schematically shows a device for immobilizing and evacuating a person (top view) with a patient on its surface and a vacuum inducer in the form of a mechanical pump, Fig. 4 schematically shows a device for immobilizing and evacuating a person (top view) with an immobilized patient and a vacuum evacuator in the form of a gas ballot and equipped with a vacuum gauge.

The list of positions.

1. Airtight flexible camera.

2. Branch pipe with the locking valve.

3. Check valve.

4. Heat-insulating granules with a shell.

5. The spacer element.

6. The means of fastening the spacing element.

7. The evacuation agent in the form of a mechanical pump.

8. Handle for moving the piston of a mechanical pump.

9. The evacuation agent in the form of a gas cylinder.

10. Vacuum manometer of a gas cylinder.

11. Hose for connecting a vacuum evacuation agent to an airtight flexible chamber.

12. Protective removable cover.

13. Handle for carrying.

14. A belt of fastening.

15. A clamp of a belt of fastening.

16. A stiffener with a means of its installation.

17. The fixing element of an airtight flexible chamber.

18. The patient on the surface of the device before immobilization.

19. Immobilized patient.

Example 1

A device for immobilizing and evacuating a person consists of an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), made, for example, of rubberized inside glass fiber 0.58 mm thick in a shape corresponding to the average anatomical size of a person with a multiplier selected in the manufacture of the device in the range of values from 1.2 to 1.8, and which is a combination of mainly rectangular elements. Within 10-11 cm from one of the corners of an arbitrarily selected rectangular element of an airtight flexible chamber 1 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4), a pipe with a shut-off valve 2 is mounted in the end of the device (FIG. 1, FIG. .2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), which can be made of durable alloy D16T. In this case, the shut-off valve can be structurally made in the form of any of the known structures, for example, a ball shut-off valve controlled by a change in the radial position, preferably its body. To eliminate the reverse uncontrolled intake of atmospheric air into the evacuated airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), the nozzle with a shut-off valve is supplemented with a check valve 3 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), which can be molded from technical rubber placed on a metal base, preferably from light alloy, in the form of a known nipple structure containing a kinematic connection with a locking element of a pipe (not shown). The internal volume of the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) is filled with heat-insulating granules with a sheath 4 (Fig. 2), and expanded clay with a reduced diameter of 0.8 cm is used as the core of the said granules and the shell has a thickness of 1 mm and is made of spherical plastic with an epoxy binder containing 72% of volumetric glass hollow spheres with a diameter of 20 microns with a glass wall thickness of 1 micron, in which the pressure of the gas medium in the inner cavity of the spheres is 0.15 atm. In order to implement the preferred option to achieve this goal, the shell is perforated (not shown) to the outer surface of the expanded clay core, with the perforation area being 3% of the total shell surface area. Inside the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) two distance elements 5 (Fig. 2) are installed, which are made in the form of flexible cords from CBM, preferably from Kevlar, each 3 mm thick with mounted on both ends of the mounting means of the distance element 6 (Figure 2), molded mainly in the form of a circular patch made of rubberized fiberglass, identical to the material of the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4). Patches made of rubberized fabric by the method of local adhesive bonding (not shown) are bonded to the opposite inner surfaces of the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), which have the largest area among other internal surfaces. To remove air from the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), the device contains either a vacuum evacuation agent in the form of a mechanical pump 7 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 3), in which reciprocating movement relative to the housing of the specified pump handle displacement of the piston of the mechanical pump 8 (Figure 1 and Figure 3) is pumped into the atmosphere from the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4) or an evacuation stimulator in the form of a gas cylinder 9 (Figure 4), which sucks air from omyanutoy above the chamber in its internal volume due to differential pressure is permanently monitored by a vacuum gauge gas cylinder 10 (Figure 4). In both of the previously mentioned cases, the process of removing part of the air from the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) connects the evacuation activator to a pipe equipped with a shut-off valve 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), implemented using a hose 11 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) for connecting a vacuum evacuation agent to an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), which it can preferably be made of frost-resistant rubber reinforced with steel wire.

In order to meet the known hygienic requirements for the device in terms of sanitation, an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) is placed in a durable protective removable cover 12 ((Fig. 2), which mainly can be sewn from synthetic (preferably nylon) fabric or, exceptionally, from canvas. For manual patient transportation, the protective removable cover 12 (Figure 2) is equipped with at least two metal handles for transfer 13 (Figure 1, Figure 3 and Figure 4), made, for example, of a durable alloy D16 T. For additional fixation of the patient on the surface of the device under consideration, fastening straps 14 are provided (FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3), which are mainly preferably made of the same material as the protective removable cover 12 (FIG. 2 ) Mutual pair connection of the fastening belts 14 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) to each other is made thanks to the fastening strap fasteners 14 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), each of which can be made in the form of a buckle with a mate, in the form of a hook with a mate, in the form of a carbine with a mate, in the form of soy İnönü such as "Velcro", etc. In order to reduce during intensive operation of the device mechanical loads on an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) and, accordingly, on a protective removable cover 12 (Fig. 2), a device for immobilization and evacuation of a person contains at least two stiffeners with means for their installation 16 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), and metal stiffeners, mainly duralumin, with a diameter of 30-40 mm can be used as stiffeners, and as installation tools are quite suitable cylindrical case on the mentioned x pipes made of the same material as the protective removable cover 12 (Figure 2). Bonding it with a protective removable cover 12 (Figure 2) is permissible by any of the known methods for bonding woven materials, for example, by stitching with a harsh thread or cord (not shown). In addition to the elements considered, the device for immobilizing and evacuating a person is equipped with the necessary number (at least one) of the fixing elements 17 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) of an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Figure 4), made with it at the same time according to the material (in the part of the pattern) and communicating with their internal cavities.

A device for immobilizing and evacuating a person is used as follows.

Patient O., age 39 years, weight 86 kg, height 176 cm, 18 (Figure 3), for example, severely injured in a car accident (accident in the form of a head-on collision of two vehicles), after carefully removing it from a deformed passenger car, place it on the horizontal surface of the device previously laid out on the ground (or other surface, for example, on the asphalt surface of the highway), actually on the surface of the protective removable cover 12 (Figure 2), which accommodates an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4) and fixi uyuschie flexible elements airtight chamber 17 (Figure 1, 3 and 4). In this case, the patient prior to immobilization 18 (Figure 3) is placed so that the damaged part of his body is opposite at least one of the fixing elements of the airtight flexible chamber 17 (Figure 3). Then this fixing element (or their necessary group) is applied over the damaged part of the body of the seriously injured patient 18 (Figure 3).

By means of successive smooth reciprocating movement (with a frequency of 30 to 45 times per minute), the piston movement knobs of the mechanical pump 8 (FIG. 3) drive the evacuation driver 7 (FIG. 3) so that the air from the airtight flexible chamber 1 ( Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) is mechanically removed to the atmosphere and a vacuum of the order of 0.7 atm is created in an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). . A shut-off valve located in the pipe 2 (Figure 2), this rarefied state is recorded. Due to the produced rarefaction of air, two-sided compression by static pressure of the external atmosphere of the surface of the structure (consisting of an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) and the fixing element 17 (Fig. 4) occurs and reliable fixing (the so-called "pseudo monolithic") of heat-insulating granules with a shell 4 (Figure 2) between each other and with the inner surface of an airtight flexible chamber (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4), and with the inside the surface of all available in the device fixer guide members flexible airtight chamber 17 (Figure 1, 2, 3 and 4). Accordingly, the patient 19 is immobilized (Figure 4). Insurance of the achieved state of "pseudo monolithic" is carried out by the fastening straps 14 (Figure 4), fastened together by means of the fasteners of the fastening straps 15 (Figure 4).

The efforts of the emergency staff, physically feasible in this case by means of transfer handles 13 (Figure 4), the immobilized patient 19 (Figure 4) is placed in a vehicle for transportation to a hospital. The vehicle transporting the immobilized patient 19 (Figure 4) moves at an average speed of about 100 km / h and on curved sections of the road (highway) and its bumps, various parts of the body of a seriously injured patient undergo accelerations of different modulus and angle due to the inertial forces. But in view of the rigid fixation of the injured areas of the body of the immobilized patient 19 (Figure 4), absolutely no displacement of the damaged skeleton bones relative to each other occurs, as well as displacements of the fragments and chips of the said bones resulting from the injury in his body tissues. Upon arrival at the specified medical institution, the immobilized patient 19 (Figure 4) moves with the device by the specialized staff of this institution to the medical room according to the indications for treatment, where a shut-off valve located in the pipe 2 (Figure 2) initiates the release from the vacuum check valve 3 (Figure 2). Then disconnect the evacuation evacuator from the nozzle with shut-off valve 2 (Figure 4). A natural filling of the atmosphere air of the internal cavities of the airtight flexible chamber 1 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4) and the same internal cavities of the fixing elements of the airtight flexible chamber 17 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3). The state of "pseudo monolithic" insulating granules with a shell 4 (Figure 2) is destroyed. The latter has a result consisting in the possibility of releasing the body of a previously immobilized patient 19 (Figure 4) from the fixing elements of the airtight flexible chamber 17 (Figure 4). Next, the fastening straps 14 are disconnected (Fig. 4), and the injured patient is ready to continue surgical treatment due to serious injuries that are compatible with his life in a car accident.

Example 2

A device for immobilizing and evacuating a person consists of an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) made, for example, of 0.4 mm thick rubberized synthetic fabric in a shape corresponding to the average anatomical size person with a multiplier selected in the manufacture of the device in the range of values from 1.2 to 1.8, and which is a combination of mostly rectangular elements. Within 10-12 cm from one of the corners of an arbitrarily selected rectangular element of an airtight flexible chamber 1 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4), a pipe with a shut-off valve 2 is mounted at the end of the device (FIG. 1, FIG. .2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4), which can be made of an AMG alloy. In this case, the shut-off valve can be structurally made in the form of any of the known structures, for example, a ball shut-off valve, controlled by a change in the radial position, preferably of its body. To eliminate the reverse uncontrolled intake of atmospheric air into the evacuated airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), the nozzle with a shut-off valve is supplemented with a check valve 3 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), which can be molded from plastisol placed on a polymer base, preferably from polystyrene, in the form of a known membrane structure containing a kinematic connection with a locking element of a pipe (not shown). The internal volume of the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) is filled with heat-insulating granules with a sheath 4 (Fig. 2), and pumice with a reduced diameter of 0.6 cm is used as the core of the said granules and the shell has a thickness of 1.5 mm and is made of spherical plastic with an epoxy binder containing 84% of volume hollow glass spheres with a diameter of 55 microns with a glass wall thickness of 4 microns, in which the pressure of the gas medium in the inner cavity of the spheres is 0.23 atm. In order to implement the preferred option to achieve this goal, the shell is perforated (not shown) to the outer surface of the expanded clay core, while the perforation area is 50% of the total surface area of the shell. Inside the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) two distance elements 5 (Fig. 2) are installed, which are made in the form of flexible cords from CBM, preferably from CBM-1, each with a thickness 2.5 mm with mounted on both ends of the fastening means of the distance element 6 (Figure 2), molded mainly in the form of an oval patch made of rubberized fabric, identical to the material of the breathable flexible chamber 1 (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure .4). Patches made of rubberized fabric by the method of local adhesive bonding (not shown) are bonded to the opposite inner surfaces of the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), which have the largest area among other internal surfaces. To remove air from the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), the device contains either a vacuum evacuation agent in the form of a mechanical pump 7 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 3), in which reciprocating movement relative to the housing of the specified pump handle displacement of the piston of the mechanical pump 8 (Figure 1 and Figure 3) is pumped into the atmosphere from the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4) or an evacuation stimulator in the form of a gas cylinder 9 (Figure 4), which sucks air from omyanutoy above the chamber in its internal volume due to differential pressure is permanently monitored by a vacuum gauge gas cylinder 10 (Figure 4). In both of the previously mentioned cases, the process of removing part of the air from the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) connects the evacuation activator to a pipe equipped with a shut-off valve 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), implemented using a hose 11 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) for connecting a vacuum evacuation agent to an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), which it can preferably be made of frost-resistant rubber reinforced with steel wire.

In order to meet the known hygienic requirements for the device in terms of sanitation, an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) is placed in a durable protective removable cover 12 (Fig. 2), which can mainly be sewn from synthetic (preferably nylon) fabric or, as an exception, from tarpaulin. For manual transportation of the patient, the protective removable cover 12 (Figure 2) is equipped with at least two metal transfer handles 13 (Figure 1, Figure 3 and Figure 4) made, for example, of lightweight alloy D16T. For additional fixation of the patient on the surface of the device under consideration, fastening straps 14 are provided (Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3), which are mainly preferable to be made of the same material as the protective removable cover 12 (Fig. 2). Mutual pairing of the fastening belts 14 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) to each other is made thanks to the fastening strap fasteners 14 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), each of which can be made in the form of a buckle with a mating part, in the form of a hook with a mating part, in the form of a carbine with a mating part, in the form of a hook and loop fastener, etc. In order to reduce during intensive operation of the device mechanical loads on an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) and, accordingly, on a protective removable cover 12 (Fig. 2), a device for immobilization and evacuation of a person contains at least two stiffeners with means for their installation 16 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), and metal stiffeners, mainly duralumin, with a diameter of 30-40 mm can be used as stiffeners, and as installation tools are quite suitable cylindrical case on the mentioned x pipes made of the same material as the protective removable cover 12 (Figure 2). Bonding it with a protective removable cover 12 (Figure 2) is permissible by any of the known methods for bonding woven materials, for example, by stitching with a harsh thread or cord (not shown). In addition to the elements considered, the device for immobilizing and evacuating a person is equipped with the necessary number (at least one) of the fixing elements 17 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) of an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Figure 4), made with it at the same time according to the material (in the part of the pattern) and communicating with their internal cavities.

A device for immobilizing and evacuating a person is used as follows.

Patient D., age 21 years old, weight 65 kg, height 182 cm, 18 (Figure 3), for example, seriously injured in an emergency collision of a hang glider with a mountain surface at an altitude of 2700 above sea level, after being released from the elements of a destroyed hang glider the horizontal surface of the device previously laid out on a ledge of the rock, actually on the surface of the protective removable cover 12 (Figure 2), which accommodates an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4) and fixing elements of an airtight flexible chamber 17 (Figure 1, Figure 3 and Figure 4). In this case, the patient prior to immobilization 18 (Figure 3) is placed so that the damaged area of his body, presumably five broken ribs and the associated spinal area, is opposite at least one of the fixing elements of the airtight flexible chamber 17 (Figure 3) ) Then this fixing element (or their necessary group) is applied over the damaged part of the body of the seriously injured patient (hang glider) 18 (Figure 3).

By means of successive smooth reciprocating movement (with a frequency of 40 to 60 times per minute), the piston moving knobs of the mechanical pump 8 (FIG. 3) actuate the evacuation motive 7 (FIG. 3) so that the air from the airtight flexible chamber 1 ( Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) is mechanically removed into the already partially rarefied mountain atmosphere and in the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) a rarefaction of the order 0.3 atm. A shut-off valve located in the pipe 2 (Figure 2), this rarefied state is recorded. Due to the rarefaction of air, two-way compression of the external mountain atmosphere by the static pressure of the surface of the structure (consisting of an airtight flexible chamber 1 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4) and the fixing element 17 (FIG. 4) occurs and reliable fixing (the so-called "pseudo monolithic") of heat-insulating granules with a shell 4 (Figure 2) between each other and with the inner surface of an airtight flexible chamber (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4), and with the inside the surface of all those present in the device ixing elements of an airtight flexible chamber 17 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). Accordingly, the patient (hang glider) 19 is immobilized (Fig. 4). The achieved pseudo-monolithic condition is insured by fastening straps 14 ( Figure 4), fastened to each other thanks to the latches of the fastening belts 15 (Figure 4).

By the efforts of four rescue climbers, implemented in this case through eight transfer handles 13 (Figure 4), the immobilized patient (hang glider) 19 (Figure 4) moves to the foot of the mountain, on the Black Sea coast, to the location of the sanatorium with professional medical staff, during 3 hours in off-road conditions and heavily rugged mountainous terrain, with an average speed of about 2 km / h. Under such conditions of transportation, all parts of the body of a seriously injured hang glider are subject to accelerations of different modulus and angle, due to the inertial forces acting on them. However, due to the rigid fixation of the injured areas of the patient’s body, there is absolutely no displacement of the damaged skeleton bones relative to each other, as well as displacements of the fragments and chips of the said bones resulting from the injury in the tissues of his body. Upon completion of the descent from the mountain and reaching the location of the medical facility, the immobilized patient 19 (Figure 4) moves with the device by the specialized staff of this institution into the emergency medical care room, where a shut-off valve located in pipe 2 (Figure 2) initiates release from the vacuum check valve 3 (Figure 2). Then disconnect the evacuation evacuator from the nozzle with shut-off valve 2 (Figure 4). A natural filling of the atmosphere air of the internal cavities of the airtight flexible chamber 1 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4) and the same internal cavities of the fixing elements of the airtight flexible chamber 17 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3). The state of "pseudo monolithic" insulating granules with a shell 4 (Figure 2) is destroyed. The latter has a result consisting in the possibility of releasing the body of a previously immobilized patient 19 (Figure 4) from the fixing elements of the airtight flexible chamber 17 (Figure 4). Next, the fastening straps 14 are disconnected (Figure 4), and the injured hang glider-patient is ready to continue treatment for the severe injuries that are compatible with life, which he received in an accident in the collision of a controlled hang glider with a mountain.

Example 3

A device for immobilizing and evacuating a person consists of an airtight flexible chamber 1 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4) made, for example, of a 1.8 mm thick PVC reinforced film in a shape corresponding to the average anatomical size of a person with a multiplier selected in the manufacture of the device in the range of values from 1.2 to 1.8, and which is a combination of mainly rectangular elements. Within 11-12 cm from one of the corners of a randomly selected rectangular element of an airtight flexible chamber 1 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4), a pipe with a shut-off valve 2 is mounted in the end of the device (FIG. 1, FIG. .2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), which can be made of BR-4 bronze alloy. In this case, the shut-off valve can be structurally made in the form of any of the known structures, for example, a ball shut-off valve, controlled by a change in the radial position, preferably its body. To eliminate the reverse uncontrolled intake of atmospheric air into the evacuated airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), the nozzle with a shut-off valve is supplemented with a check valve 3 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), which can be molded from chemically resistant technical rubber placed on a metal base, preferably stainless steel, in the form of a known nipple structure containing a kinematic connection with a locking element of a pipe (not shown). The internal volume of the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) is filled with heat-insulating granules with a sheath 4 (Fig. 2), and a mixture of expanded clay kernels with pumice kernels with a reduced diameter was used as the nuclei of the said granules 1.4 cm in a ratio of 50% to 50%, and the shell has a thickness of 4 mm and is made of spherical plastic on an epoxy binder containing 95% of volume glass hollow spheres with a diameter of 110 microns and a glass wall thickness of 7 microns, in which the pressure of the gas medium in the inner cavity spheres is 0.4 atm. In order to implement the preferred option to achieve this goal, the shell is perforated (not shown) to the outer surface of the expanded clay core, while the perforation area is 80% of the total shell surface area. Inside the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), two distance elements 5 (Fig. 2) are installed, which are made in the form of flexible cords from CBM, preferably from twisted Kevlar, each with a thickness of 6 mm with the fastening means of the distance element 6 mounted on both ends (FIG. 2), molded mainly in the form of a circular patch made of a material identical to the material of the breathable flexible chamber 1 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4). The patches by the method of local hot-melt adhesive bonding (not shown) are bonded to the opposite inner surfaces of the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), which have the largest area among other internal surfaces. To remove air from the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), the device contains either a vacuum evacuation agent in the form of a mechanical pump 7 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 3), in which reciprocating movement relative to the housing of the specified pump handle displacement of the piston of the mechanical pump 8 (Figure 1 and Figure 3) is pumped into the atmosphere from the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4) or an evacuation stimulator in the form of a gas cylinder 9 (Figure 4), which sucks air from omyanutoy above the chamber in its internal volume due to differential pressure is permanently monitored by a vacuum gauge gas cylinder 10 (Figure 4). In both of the previously mentioned cases, the process of removing part of the air from the airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) connects the evacuation activator to a pipe equipped with a shut-off valve 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), implemented using a hose 11 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) for connecting a vacuum evacuation agent to an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), which preferably it can be made of stainless steel tape reinforced with polyurethane.

In order to meet the known hygienic requirements for the device in terms of sanitation, an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) is placed in a durable protective removable cover 12 (Fig. 2), which mainly can be sewn from synthetic (preferably nylon) fabric or, as an exception, from canvas. For manual transportation of the patient, the protective removable cover 12 (Figure 2) is equipped with at least two metal handles for transfer 13 (Figure 1, Figure 3 and Figure 4), made, for example, of bronze BR-4. For additional fixation of the patient on the surface of the device under consideration, fastening straps 14 are provided (Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3), which are mainly preferable to be made of the same material as the protective removable cover 12 (Fig. 2). Mutual pairing of the fastening belts 14 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) to each other is made thanks to the fastening strap fasteners 14 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), each of which can be made in the form of a bronze buckle with a mating part, in the form of a bronze hook with a mating part, in the form of a bronze carbine with a mating part, in the form of a hook and loop fastener, etc. In order to reduce during intensive operation of the device mechanical loads on an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) and, accordingly, on a protective removable cover 12 (Fig. 2), a device for immobilization and evacuation of a person contains at least two stiffeners with means for their installation 16 (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), and metal stiffeners, mainly bronze-plated duralumin, pipes with a diameter of 35-45 mm, can be used as stiffeners and as a means of installation, a cover of qili is quite suitable unitary shape on the mentioned pipes, made of the same material as the protective removable cover 12 (Figure 2). Bonding it with a protective removable cover 12 (Figure 2) is acceptable by any of the known methods for bonding woven materials, for example, stitching with a harsh thread or bronze rivets (not shown). In addition to the elements considered, the device for immobilizing and evacuating a person is equipped with the necessary number (at least one) of the fixing elements 17 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) of an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Figure 4), made with it at the same time according to the material (in the part of the pattern) and communicating with their internal cavities.

A device for immobilizing and evacuating a person is used as follows.

Patient M., age 43 years, weight 72 kg, height 159 cm, 18 (Fig. 3), for example, severely injured on a small fishing trawler (MRTK) from a blow by a bursting trawl metal cable (due to the onset of a 6-point storm) on the left forearm after bringing into consciousness, is placed on the horizontal surface of the device previously laid out on the wooden fishing deck, in fact, on the surface of the protective removable cover 12 (Figure 2), which accommodates an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4) and fixing elements air impermeable flexible chamber 17 (Figure 1, Figure 3 and Figure 4). In this case, the patient’s seaman before immobilization 18 (FIG. 3) is placed so that the damaged part of his body is opposite at least one of the fixing elements of the airtight flexible chamber 17 (FIG. 3). Then this fixing element (or their necessary group) is applied over the damaged part of the body of the seriously injured patient sailor 18 (Figure 3).

After making sure that the vacuum gauge 10 (Fig. 4) of the evacuation evacuator in the form of a gas cylinder 9 (Fig. 4) with a volume of 80 liters detects the presence of a vacuum of more than 0.1 atm in the said gas cylinder, through the connection of the evacuation evacuation 11 (Fig. 4) hermetically connect the gas cylinder 9 (Figure 4) with a pipe with a shut-off valve 2 (Figure 4). Rotating the gas cylinder valve (not shown) to open through the connection hose 11 (Figure 4), combine the internal volumes of the gas cylinder 9 (Figure 4) and an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Figure 4). When equalizing the pressures both in the airtight flexible chamber 1 (FIG. 4) and in the gas cylinder 11 (FIG. 4), a vacuum of about 0.4 atm is created in the airtight flexible chamber 1 (FIG. 4). A shut-off valve located in the pipe 2 (Figure 2), this rarefied state is recorded. Due to the rarefaction of the air, the static pressure of the external atmosphere causes two-sided compression of the surface of the structure (consisting of an airtight flexible chamber 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) and the fixing element 17 (Fig. 4) and reliable fixation occurs ( the so-called "pseudo monolithic") of heat-insulating granules with a shell 4 (Figure 2) between each other and with the inner surface of both an airtight flexible chamber (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), and with the inner surface of all present in the device of the elements of the airtight flexible chamber 17 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). Accordingly, the patient 19 is immobilized (Fig. 4). The achieved pseudo-monolithic condition is insured with fastening straps 14 (Fig. 4 ), fastened to each other thanks to the latches of the fastening belts 15 (Figure 4).

The efforts of the MRTK sailors in a 6-point storm physically realized in this case by means of four transfer handles 13 (Figure 4), the immobilized patient sailor 19 (Figure 4) is placed under a canopy on the fishing deck, the device itself is fixed there, the ship heading for the point of location of the nearest floating base with medical personnel suitable for medical care to the injured. The transition to the selected floating base in stormy conditions (with a predominance of stern intensive pitching) lasts 6 hours at a ship speed of 11 knots / hour.

But due to the rigid fixation of the injured areas of the patient’s sailor’s body, absolutely no displacement of the damaged skeleton bones relative to each other takes place, as well as displacements of the fragments and chips of the said bones resulting from the injury in his body tissues. On approaching to the floating base, the pipe with the shut-off valve is disconnected from the hose for connecting the evacuation evacuation agent 11 (Figure 4) and the immobilized patient 19 (Figure 4) is moved together with the device by the sailors of the floating base to the medical room according to the indications for treatment, where the shut-off valve placed in the pipe 2 (FIG. 2), the check valve 3 (Fig. 2) is released from the fixing of rarefaction. Then disconnect the evacuation evacuator from the nozzle with shut-off valve 2 (Figure 4). A natural filling of the atmosphere air of the internal cavities of the airtight flexible chamber 1 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4) and the same internal cavities of the fixing elements of the airtight flexible chamber 17 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3). The state of "pseudo monolithic" insulating granules with a shell 4 (Figure 2) is destroyed. The latter has a result consisting in the possibility of releasing the body of a previously immobilized patient 19 (Figure 4) from the fixing elements of the airtight flexible chamber 17 (Figure 4). Next, the fastening straps 14 are disconnected (Figure 4), and the injured patient-patient sailor is ready to continue surgical treatment for serious injuries sustained by him, but compatible with life, due to the storm.

The use of a device for immobilizing and evacuating a person allows not only sparingly evacuating the injured patient from the scene of the incident to the institution provided for further treatment, regardless of the conditions of such movement, but also guarantees the complete elimination of the additional effects of acute bone fractures during evacuation on tissues and even on individual internal organs of the affected person, which certainly leads to a significant reduction in the risk of shock in a seriously injured patient, p zlichnogo kind of complications and even death.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2102052, MKI A 61 G 1/00, dated March 26, 1996, "Medical stretcher of Fiere."

2. Mattress vacuum immobilizing fitting MVIO-02 "COCOON", TU 9438-012-43018878-2001, MSID passport 4.339.002 PS (prototype).

Claims (12)

1. A device for immobilizing and evacuating a person, consisting of an airtight flexible chamber equipped with a nozzle containing a shut-off valve and a check valve, heat-insulating granules placed in an airtight flexible chamber, an evacuation stimulator and a protective removable cover equipped with at least two handles, fastening straps and means for installing and fixing stiffeners, characterized in that the airtight flexible chamber is provided with at least two spacing elements, which e affixed to the inner surface thereof, wherein the granules are additionally provided with insulating sheath and made of foamed mineral material. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that expanded clay is made of expanded clay and / or pumice. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell is made of spheroplastic. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that as a spheroplastic applied glass spherical plastic on an epoxy binder. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the glass spherical plastic contains from 72 to 95% of volumetric glass hollow spheres. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that they use glass hollow spheres with a diameter of from 20 to 110 microns with a wall thickness of 1 to 7 microns. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that use glass hollow spheres with a pressure in the cavity from 0.15 to 0.4 atm. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell is perforated to the surface of the insulating granules. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforation area is from 3 to 80%. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacing elements are made in the form of flexible cords provided with fastening means at the ends. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the evacuation evokes is made in the form of a mechanical pump or gas cylinder with gas evacuated from it. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the gas cylinder is equipped with a vacuum pressure gauge.

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