RU2262131C1 - Device for modeling decision taking process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: computer science.

SUBSTANCE: device has two registers blocks, inputs of which are device parameters inputs, pulses multiplication block, four multiplication blocks, comparator, clock pulses generator, adder block, two subtraction blocks, block for multiplication by zero, counter, division block, integrator and register.

EFFECT: broader functional capabilities.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to automation and computer engineering and can be used in specialized computing devices to determine the best control strategy in the face of uncertainty.

A device is known comprising: an AND element, two counters, a vector storage unit, two algebraic summation units, four registers, a tolerance comparison unit, a switch, a memory unit, two delay elements, an OR element [1].

The disadvantage of this device is the relatively narrow functionality - limited ability to build a selection criterion.

Closest to the claimed device is a device containing a register, two groups of registers, a clock, counter, comparator, pulse multiplier, two subtraction blocks, a multiplier by "0", two multiplication blocks, an integrator [2]. The device allows you to choose the best management strategy in the face of uncertainty by the sum of the subjective expected utility and risk.

The disadvantage of the closest technical solution is the relatively narrow functionality that does not allow the construction of the selection function to determine the ratio of the subjective expected utility and risk.

The purpose of the invention is the creation of a device that allows, when constructing a selection function under uncertainty, to indicate the ratio of subjective expected utility and risk.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device containing the register, two groups of registers, a clock pulse generator, counter, comparator, pulse multiplier unit, two subtraction units, a unit of multiplication by “0”, two units of multiplication, an integrator, 2 units of multiplication are introduced , a summing unit, a division unit, and the outputs of the register groups are connected to the first and second inputs of the first multiplication unit, and the third input is the input of the coefficient α of the device, the first input of the comparator is connected to the output of the second group of registers, and the second th input is the input value L _p device, the comparator outputs are connected to a second input of the first subtracting unit, the first input of which is the input L _p device and input the multiplication block to "0", the output of which is connected to a second input of the fourth multiplier unit and the first input connected to the output of the division block, the first input of which is the input of the value L _{p of the} device, and the second input is connected to the output of the first subtraction block, the third input of the fourth multiplication block is the input of the value 1-α of the device, and the output is connected to the second the course of the summation block, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the first multiplication block, the first output of the first multiplication block is connected to the second input of the second multiplication block, the first input of which is the input of the value β of the device, and the output is the first input of the second subtraction block, the output of the summation block is the second input of the third multiplication block, its first input is the input 1-β of the device, and the output is the second input of the second subtraction block, the output of the second subtraction block of the subtraction block is connected to w with the integrator’s input, and the integrator’s output with the register input, which is implemented as a shift register, the first integrator input is connected to the GTI output through a pulse multiplier block, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of two register groups, and the second GTI output is connected to the counter input of the counter, overflow output which is connected to the stop input of the GTI, and the output of the device is the output of the register, made as a shift register.

An analysis of the scientific and technical literature showed that prior to the filing date of the application, there were no devices with the indicated set of features. Therefore, the proposal meets the requirement of novelty.

In addition, the required technical result is achieved by the entire newly introduced set of essential features, which are not found in the well-known scientific and technical literature. Therefore, the proposal meets the requirement of inventive step.

Moreover, as will be shown below, the elements and blocks included in the device are widely used in electronic and pulse technology, which allows us to conclude that the proposal meets the requirement of industrial applicability.

The drawing shows a structural diagram of a device for modeling the decision-making process.

A device for modeling the decision-making process consists of two groups of registers 1, 2, a pulse multiplier block 3, a multiplier block 4, 7, 12, 15, a comparator 5, a clock pulse generator (GTI) 6, a summing block 8, a subtraction block 9, 14 , a unit of multiplication by "0" 10, a counter 11, a division unit 13, an integrator 16, a register 17.

The inputs of the device are the inputs of the groups of registers 1 and 2, the third input of the multiplication unit 4, the second input of the comparator 5, the first input of the multiplication unit 7, the first input of the subtraction unit 9, the first input of the multiplication unit 12, the first input of the division unit 13, the third input of the multiplication unit 15 The outputs of the groups of registers 1 and 2 are connected to the first and second inputs of the multiplication block 4, and the third input is the input of the coefficient a of the device. The first input of the comparator 5 is connected to the output of the second group of registers 2. The outputs of the comparator are connected to the second input of the subtraction unit 9 and the input of the multiplication unit by “0” 10. The output of the subtraction unit 9 is connected to the input of the division unit 13, the output of which is connected to the input of the multiplication unit 15 in addition, the input of the multiplication block 15 is connected to the output of the multiplication block 15, the third input of which is the input 1-α of the device. The output of the multiplication unit 15 is connected to the second input of the summing unit 8, the first input of which is the output of the multiplication unit 4. The first inputs of the subtraction unit 9 and the division unit 13 are inputs of the value L _{p of the} device. The first input of the multiplication unit is the input of the value of β of the device, the second input is connected to the output of the multiplication unit 4, and the output is the first input of the subtraction unit 14. The second input of the subtraction unit 14 is connected to the output of the multiplication unit 4 through the summing unit 8, the first input of which is the input 1-β device values. The output of the subtraction unit 14 is connected to the second input of the integrator 16, and the output of the integrator 16 is connected to the input of the register 17, made as a shift register, the first input of the integrator 16 is connected to the output of the GTI 6 through the frequency multiplication unit 3, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the groups of registers 1 and 2. The second output of the GTI 6 is connected to the counting input of the counter 11, the overflow output of which is connected to the stop input of the GTI 6.

A device for modeling the decision-making process as follows.

на систему. Вероятность (возможно, субъективная вероятность) наступления исхода s_j из множества возможных исходов

в результате применения стратегии а_i задается распределением вероятностей на множестве возможных исходов P_sj/_ai. Каждому исходу s_j приписывается субъективная ценность исхода

. Устройство позволяет путем обработки всех возможных альтернатив и возможных исходов выбрать наилучшую альтернативу:It is assumed that there are N valid strategies, for example, control actions

to the system. The probability (possibly subjective probability) of the outcome s _j of the set of possible outcomes

as a result of applying the strategy, a _i is determined by the probability distribution on the set of possible outcomes P _sj / _ai . Each outcome s _{j is} assigned the subjective value of the outcome

. The device allows by processing all possible alternatives and possible outcomes to choose the best alternative:

Where

L _P - the level of claims corresponding to the lowest value of the subjective expected utility, at which the outcome will satisfy the decision maker;

α - coefficient characterizing the attitude of the decision maker to the risk,

β - coefficient reflecting the ratio of the subjective expected utility and risk in the construction of the choice function.

The specified selection algorithm is implemented as follows.

When starting the GTI 6 from an external source, not shown in the drawing, after multiplying the pulses in the multiplication block by the number of possible outcomes M, for each pulse the probability values P _sj / _{ai are} recorded in the group of registers 1 and the values of the subjective values of the outcomes in the group of registers 2

поступает на вход блока умножения 7, а величина

поступает на вход блока суммирования 8.The probabilities P _sj / _ai and the values of the outcomes v _j , as well as P _sj / _ai and the value α supplied to the input, are multiplied in the multiplication block 4, from the outputs of which the quantity

goes to the input of the multiplication block 7, and the value

arrives at the input of the summing unit 8.

The value of the subjective values of the outcomes v _j and the value of the level of claims Lp are fed to the input of the comparator 5 and, depending on the result of the comparison, the value (Lp-v _j ) / Lp is supplied to the input of the multiplication block 15 (if the condition Lp> v _{j is} fulfilled, through the block subtraction 9 and division block 13) or “0” (for Lp≤v _j , through the block of multiplication by “0” 10). The value of Lp is fed to the inputs of the subtraction blocks 9 and division 13.

In addition, the value of the coefficient β is supplied to the input of the multiplication unit 7, the value αP is input to the input of the summing unit 8 from the output of the multiplication unit 4, the value 1-β is supplied to the input of the multiplication unit 12, and the value 1-α is input to the multiplication unit 15. As a result, for one cycle of the GTI m times in the subtraction unit 14, the value is calculated

, а ее интегрирование производится в интеграторе 16, с выхода которого, величина

подается на вход регистра 17, выполненного в виде регистра сдвига, в котором она сравнивается с результатом интегрирования на предыдущем шаге (или с нулевым значением, которым был инициализирован регистр сдвига 17 при запуске устройства, если это 1-й сигнал).

, and its integration is performed in the integrator 16, from the output of which, the value

fed to the input of the register 17, made in the form of a shift register, in which it is compared with the result of integration in the previous step (or with the zero value that the shift register 17 was initialized when the device was started, if this is the 1st signal).

Thus, after the GTI is stopped by the signal from the counter 11, the maximum value of the difference between the subjective expected value and the risk calculated relative to the level of claims of the decision maker, as well as the corresponding strategy number, which is fed to the input of the shift register 17 from the counter output, are stored in register 17 eleven.

Sources of information

1. USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1809436, cl. G 06 F 7/4, 1991.

2. Patent for invention RU No. 2214624 class. 7 G 06 F 17/00, G 06 N 7/06.

Claims (1)

A device for modeling a decision-making process, comprising a register, two groups of registers, a clock pulse generator (GTI), a counter, a comparator, a pulse multiplier, two subtraction blocks, a multiplier by 0, two multiplication blocks, an integrator characterized in that two multiplication blocks, a summing block, a division block are introduced, and the probabilities and the values of the subjective values of the outcomes, the outputs of the groups of registers are connected to the inputs of the first and second groups of registers, which are the inputs of the device inens with the first and second inputs of the first multiplication block, and the third input is the input of the coefficient α of the device characterizing the ratio of the decision maker (DM) to risk, the first input of the comparator is connected to the output of the second group of registers, and the second input is the input of the value L _{p of the} device characterizing the level of aspiration, the smallest value of the utility for which outcome satisfy LPR comparator output is connected to a second input of the first subtracter, wherein the calculated value L _p - V _j, where the led rank V _j is written into the second register group and characterizes subjective value outcomes as a result of strategy a _i, the first input of the first subtracting unit is input value L _p, the other output of the comparator is connected to an input of multiplier block to 0, the output of which is connected to a second input of the fourth unit multiplying a first input coupled to an output divider having a first input which is the input value L _p, a second input coupled to the output of the first subtractor, the third input of the fourth multiplier unit is WMOs ohms of the value (1-α) of the device, and the output is connected to the second input of the summing unit, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the first multiplication unit, the first output of the first multiplication unit is connected to the second input of the second multiplication unit, the first input of which is the input of the device value β characterizing the ratio of the subjective expected utility and risk when constructing the selection function, and the output is the first input of the second subtraction block, the output of the summation block is the second input of the third multiplication block, the first the input of which is the input (1-β) of the device, and the output is the second input of the second subtraction unit, the output of the second subtraction unit is connected to the second input of the integrator, and the output of the integrator is connected to the input of the register, made as a shift register, the first input of the integrator is connected to the output of the GTI through the pulse multiplier unit, the outputs of which are connected to other inputs of two groups of registers, the second GTI output is connected to the counter input of the counter, the overflow output of which is connected to the GTI stop input and another register input, the output of CTBA register is output.