RU2261404C2 - Grain inventor for driers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for drying of grain and other bulk materials, may be used in agriculture and stocking systems.

SUBSTANCE: inverter is made in the form of unit arranged between grain drier chambers. Grain flow cutoff devices with overlapping plates and overflow trays with straight or curved surface of, for example, cylindrical shape extending along the arc of ellipse are alternatively attached to inner side of each of lateral bearing walls in unit. Overflow trays adjoining to one lateral bearing wall are arranged opposite cutoff devices adjoining to other lateral bearing wall. Edge of overflow tray is spaced from inverter wall to which it is attached by distance making 0.3-0.5 the width of inverter. Gaps provided between side edges of tray and lateral sides of opposite cutoff device are necessary for unobstructed downward discharge of straw-like and other fibrous contaminants. Construction of inverter provides considering of grain properties as bulk material and biological object.

EFFECT: increased precision in mixing of grain layers, reduced probability of grain adhesion and increased capacity of inverter.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for intensifying and improving the quality of the technological process of drying grain and can be used mainly in agricultural production.

A known inverter (a. From the USSR No. 1672982 A1, class A 01 F 25/14, F 26 B 17/12, publ. 30.08.91, Bull. No. 32), having two load-bearing walls, to each side of which adjoin, alternating with each other, dividers and trays. They have common transverse walls with each other, each of which at the corresponding bearing wall is associated with the surface of the divider and with the inclined bottom of the adjacent tray. The trays adjacent to one supporting wall are located opposite the dividers adjacent to the other.

Opposite trays and dividers form crossing channels. The inverter is installed in an annular drying chamber, and the ratio of the lengths of the sides of the inputs of the inverter channels adjacent to the outer and inner walls of the annular chamber is 1: 0.75. A disadvantage of the known design of the inverter is the high probability of clogging it with straw and other hairy impurities, as well as a decrease in throughput during the drying process due to the formation of so-called stagnant zones caused by grain adhesion, that is, grain sticking to the structure surface at the joints of dividers and trays; this is aggravated by the shape of the trays, wide at the base and narrowed at the end, at the same time bounded by adjacent dividers along the edges, which causes grain compaction in the inverter input channels and the appearance of compression stresses in the material thickness, which also leads to inhibition of the grain flow in the dryer and increased risk of injury grain.

The inverter is known (USSR AS No. 1326858 A1, class F 26 B 17/12, 25/04, publ. 30.07.87, Bull. No. 28). The inverter has two bearing walls, dividers with convex gable covers and trays with inclined bottoms directed from the corresponding bearing wall adjoin the inner side of each of which, alternating with each other. At the same time, the dividers and trays have common transverse walls, each of which at the corresponding bearing wall is associated with the divider cover and with the inclined bottom of the adjacent tray. The trays adjacent to one supporting wall are located opposite the dividers adjacent to the other. In addition, each transverse wall is attached to both load-bearing walls, that is, completely intersects the drying chamber, and the slope of the top of the covers of all dividers is directed to the corresponding load-bearing wall, i.e. the edge of each divider has an inverse angle, which inevitably leads to clogging of the inverter at a certain stage of drying straw and other fibrous impurities characteristic of freshly harvested grain when it is dried without preliminary cleaning, which often takes place. Weed impurities accumulate on the transverse walls and covers of the dividers and do not have the ability to leave them, disrupting the drying process.

In addition, the properties of grain as a bulk material are not taken into account. In the process of movement, particles of bulk material interact with each other and the walls of the container inside which they are located (moving). In this design, when each layer of grain flow flows from its initial position to the inverter to a predetermined final position, then a strong compaction of the material occurs, which increases compression stresses, internal and external friction forces.

The bulk and boundary forces increase in the grain, the probability of adhesion forces between the particles and the surface of the inverter is high. All this impedes the movement of the material (grain) and contributes both to its inhibition and the formation of dynamic and static shifts in the flow.

In general, the considered inverter, having a similar design with the previous one, has almost the same disadvantages.

The inverter is known (USSR AS No. 767476, class F 26 B 3/02, publ. 30.09.80, Bull. No. 36) installed in a recirculation dryer and called the mixing section. It is a separate block box, the cross-sectional shape is the same with the heating sections of the dryer, has solid walls. Each grain shaft in the block is divided by partitions into several identical compartments, and each compartment, in turn, is also divided by partitions into two equal parts, forming passage channels. Four inclined planes and two dividing walls are installed inside each compartment. In the inverter, the falling grain flow by partitions is dissected into several identical columns (according to the number of compartments), and each column of grain, in turn, is divided into two equal parts. In each compartment adjacent to the gas distribution chamber, warmer grain on inclined planes (trays) is poured into a less heated zone, and a less heated grain, on the contrary, into a warmer one. In this case, the grain is partially mixed.

The disadvantages of this design, first of all, include its fast clogging with straw weed impurities due to the large number of dividing walls that do not allow impurities to descend, as well as the compression of the grain flow entering inclined planes (trays) and the high probability of adhesive adhesion of grain at the joints of vertical and inclined planes.

The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is an inverter (RU No. 2143090 C1, class F 26 17/12, publ. 12/20/99, Bull. No. 35), which is a structure made in a special way from identical repeating elements - sections. The inverter includes at least one section having two load-bearing walls, dividers with convex gable covers and trays with inclined bottoms directed from the corresponding load-bearing wall, adjacent to the inner side of each of them, while the dividers and trays are interconnected common transverse walls, each of which is associated with a divider cover and with an inclined bottom of an adjacent tray.

The trays adjacent to one supporting wall are located opposite the dividers adjacent to the other. Between the free edges of the transverse walls of the opposite trays and dividers, gaps are formed. This creates the condition for the passage of straw and other fibrous impurities and activates the mixing of the layers of the grain flow. In addition, the trays and dividers are made truncated from below, while the free edge of the bottom of each tray is less than the free edge of the transverse wall of the divider adjacent to this tray. Along the edge of the cover of each divider mounted brackets made in the form of solid rectangular triangles. The inclined edge of such an arm forms the slope necessary for rolling impurities along it that may hang on the gable cover. In this design of the inverter, the gable covers of the dividers can also be made in the form of dihedral angles, the ribs of which have a slope directed from the corresponding bearing wall. Thus, in the prototype inverter, the problem of clogging the structure with straw weed impurities was solved.

The disadvantages of the inverter prototype as an analogue are as follows.

In this design, the capacity of the tray is inadequate to the volume of grain mass entering it both from a continuous flow (a column of grain located directly above the tray), and flows coming from the dividers (grain columns located above the pitched faces of the covers of two dividers adjacent to the tray, that is, on the sides of the tray). Obviously, this causes the compaction of the grain layer at the stage of passage through the tray, as a result of which compressive stresses, internal and external friction forces increase in the flow (i.e., volume and boundary forces increase). High probability of grain adhesion (especially wet) at the joints of dividers and trays, as well as trays and load-bearing walls, since particles of bulk material near surfaces (vertical, inclined, horizontal), corner joints, etc. always move several times slower, than particles in the thickness of the stream. All this leads to inhibition of the grain flow in the dryer due to reduced throughput of the inverter, as well as an increased risk of injury to the grain, especially seed, and does not allow to realize all the positive resources of the technological process of inversion of the grain flow layers. In addition, due to the convexity of the gable caps of the dividers, there is insufficient clarity of movement of the grain layers and the percentage of their mixing increases.

The purpose of the invention is the elimination of these drawbacks.

For this purpose, an inverter design is presented that takes into account the properties of grain as a bulk material and a biological object. In the inverter, the tray can be made with both a flat and curved surface. So a tray with a curved surface, as an example of a cylindrical shape made along an arc, allows you to take into account the laws of arch formation, not cause grain compaction at the stage of its passage through the tray and minimize the likelihood of adhesion (including high-moisture grain). Installing such trays on the inverter eliminates the inhibition of the grain flow in the dryer and reduces the risk of injury to the grain, especially seed. Moreover, in order to make the capacity of the tray adequate to the volume of grain coming from the continuous flow and flows coming from the dividers, the length of the arc in the cross section of the tray should be the sum of the distance between two adjacent dividers and the length of two pitched faces of the dividers (located on the sides of the tray), this arc is always an arc of an elongated circle, such as an ellipse.

When passing through the tray, the layers of grain are stacked one on top of the other. The structure of the layers improves due to tedding of grain within each layer separately, while the layers do not mix, which is important for the technological process of inversion of grain layers.

To make the design universal, to ensure clarity of layer movement and the ability to control grain flow parameters, each inverter divider can be equipped with an overlapping plate that does not allow the grain to fall under the divider, that is, go down bypassing the tray, as well as a device for passing grain through the divider with a smooth and individual for each divider adjustment. This allows you to adjust the main indicators of the technological process of inversion of grain layers - the movement of grain layers and their mixing, as well as adjust the temperature parameters of the grain flow.

Such a constructive solution allows the inverter to be effectively used both between the heating and drying chambers, and between the drying and cooling chambers.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows an inverter mounted in a grain dryer between the heating, drying and cooling chambers, a vertical cross section, a diagram; figure 2 - inverter, top view, fragment; figure 3 is a section aa; figure 4 - inverter unit (divider - tray - divider on one side of the supporting wall), isometry.

The inverter 1 (Fig.1-4) is a separate unit installed between the chambers 6 of the grain dryer. The block is attached to the modules, for example, using angles 16. In the block, grain flow dividers 4 and transfer trays 9 with a flat surface or a cylindrical shape made in an arc are attached, alternating with each other, to the inside of each of the side bearing walls 17. Moreover, the overflow trays adjacent to one side bearing wall are located opposite the dividers adjacent to the other.

In addition, the trays partially go under the hollow dividers opposite them (Fig. 2), and gaps are formed between adjacent adjacent edges of the opposite trays.

Also, gaps are formed between the side edges of the tray and the side walls 12 of the opposite divider. Clearances are necessary for unimpeded descent of straw and other fibrous impurities. The distance from the edge of the overflow tray to the wall of the inverter to which it is attached can be 0.3 ... 0.5 of the width of the inverter.

The grain flow dividers 4 are made in the form of baskets, completely blocked at the rear by the side bearing walls 17 to which they are attached and partially at the front by overlapping plates 8 for better movement of the grain layers. The profile of the plate excludes the possibility of hanging on it of straw and other fibrous impurities.

A bracket 5 is installed along the central rib of each divider 4. Its upper inclined edge forms the slope necessary for rolling any impurities that may hang on the divider. The bracket protrudes beyond the overlapping plate 8 and its upper inclined edge is located above the top of the plate and has a rounding at the end to ensure reliable rolling of impurities.

On one of the pitched faces of each divider 4, a grain bypass device is provided. The bypass hatch 3 is made on one half of the face from the side of the side bearing wall 17 in such a way as to capture only the outer layer of grain (1st layer in figure 1).

A layer limiter 11 is installed in the middle of the pitched face, separating the grain column entering the pitched face into two layers (with different parameters) and not allowing the inner grain layer (2nd layer in FIG. 1) to pour into the bypass hatch 3. Layer limiter 11 does not prevent the flow of straw and other fibrous impurities.

The bypass door 3 is closed by a shutter 2, located under the ramp face of the divider and moving along the guides 18. The gate has a hole in shape and size matching the bypass door. When the shutter is extended, the hole is combined with the hatch and a bypass channel 19 is formed, through which part of the grain from the outer 1st layer (Fig. 1) is poured under the divider and continues to move without inversion, mixing with the inner layer.

Flap 2 is adjusted outside the inverter. The edge of the damper protrudes from the outside of the side bearing wall 17 and by pushing it out and pushing the damper, you can change the area of the bypass channel 19 and, thus, the amount of grain passing through it. If necessary, the shutter is supplied with graduation. In the closed position, the shutter 2 completely blocks the bypass door 3, in the open - it completely opens.

At the opposite lateral bearing wall, the outer layer of grain is considered the 5th layer, and the inner layer is the 4th layer (Fig. 1).

The grain inverter operates as follows (figure 1). The grain in the dryer evenly moves down under the action of gravity and is blown by the drying agent in the transverse direction 7, and as a result of the unilateral supply of the drying agent in the grain stream, layers with different temperature and humidity characteristics are formed. The flow is conditionally divided into five layers of grain, Fig. 1: 1st and 5th — insufficiently warmed outer layers of grain (“cold”) with high humidity, 2nd and 4th — well-heated inner layers of grain (“hot "), The third is the superheated central layer of grain (" very hot ").

When installing the inverter in the dryer between the heating and drying chambers (for example, the cross section in Fig. 1), with open shutters 2, the 1st and 2nd layers, moving through the inverter, fall on the dividers 4, and part of the grain of the 1st layer goes immediately leaving the dividers (pos. 13) and stacks on trays, and part of the grain passes through the bypass hatches 3 and goes further (pos. 14), the 2nd layer goes off the dividers and stacks on trays on top of the 1st layer, without mixing with it, a part of the grain of the 3rd central layer located above the trays adjacent to these dividers is also fine is given over the 2nd layer.

On the opposite side of the inverter, the same process occurs with the 5th, 4th and 3rd layers, and part of the grain of the 5th layer (as well as the 1st) is passed under the divider and goes on.

The grain mass distributed on the trays on both sides of the inverter moves uniformly along them, heading under the opposite hollow dividers (item 15 in figure 2).

The redistribution of the layers of grain in the stream after the inverter is shown in figure 1, with the 1st and 5th unheated layers ("cold") facing the inner walls of the drying chamber and are primarily pierced by the drying agent 7, and the 2nd and 4- th warmed layers ("hot") - moved to the periphery. Grain from the central 3rd layer (“very hot”) diverges along the inverter trays in different directions and is at the outer walls of the drying chamber.

The considered process is called multilayer inversion.

In addition, grain from the 3rd layer ("very hot") enters through the bypass hatches 3 grain from the 1st and 5th layers ("cold") (item 10 in figure 1). (“Very hot”) and (“cold”) grains are mixed, which gives a recycling effect, that is, (“cold”) grains are dried (“very hot”). Due to the temperature difference of the particles in the layer, the temperature gradient increases, as a result of which the process of moisture removal is intensified, energy consumption is reduced, and KPD is increased. grain dryers. The aforementioned is an additional technological result, which made this version of the inverter more rational for installation in grain dryers.

When the inverter is installed in the dryer between the drying and cooling chambers, with the shutters 2 closed, the inversion process is similar except that the grain from the layers located above the bypass hatches 3 does not fall under the divider, but goes completely from it and is laid on trays. With closed shutters and the presence in the design of the inverter of overlapping plates 8, the layers practically do not mix. Based on the condition that the cooling chamber sucks in air, after inversion of the grain flow layers, air enters the most heated layers located by the inverter at the outer walls of the cooling chamber, then into less heated ones, etc. The greater the temperature difference between atmospheric air and the cooled grain, the greater the temperature gradient in the thickness of the layers, as a result of which the grain, while cooling, continues to give off moisture, which increases the quality of drying without additional costs.

All this characterizes the described inverter as resource-saving and provides an increase in the efficiency of the drying process.

Claims (5)

1. The grain inverter for dryers, which is a separate unit that is installed between the chambers for heating, drying, cooling the grain dryer and includes two side load-bearing walls, to the inside of each of which are attached, alternating with each other, grain dividers and overflow trays, while overflow trays attached to one side bearing wall are located opposite grain flow dividers attached to another side bearing wall, characterized in that the transfer trays are straight or curved a surface, for example, a cylindrical shape made along an ellipse arc, while the transfer trays can partially go under the hollow grain flow dividers opposite them, and gaps are formed between adjacent lateral edges of the opposing transfer trays, in addition, gaps are formed between the side edges of the transfer trays and the side walls of opposite dividers. 2. The inverter according to claim 1, characterized in that overlapping plates are attached to the front of the grain flow dividers, which partially cover the hollow bodies of the grain flow dividers to improve the quality of the inversion of grain layers by providing a contrast separation of the grain flow. 3. The inverter according to claim 1, or 2, characterized in that a bracket is installed along the central rib of each grain flow divider, which can protrude beyond the overlapping plate, and its upper inclined edge is located above the top of the plate and has a rounding at the end to ensure reliable rolling of impurities . 4. The inverter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that on one of the pitched faces of each grain flow divider a bypass hatch is made, which is an opening and located on one half of the pitched face from the side of the side load-bearing wall, while being blocked by a shutter located under the pitched a face and moving along guides attached to the pitched face on the back side, and the shutter has an opening in shape and size matching the bypass hatch, and the edge of the shutter protrudes from the outside of the side carrier Tenkai for easy adjustment of the opening of the bypass flap, wherein at the middle of the sloping faces near overflow hatches on each spargers grain flows installed limiter layers representing a partition separating grain column supplied to the sloping face into two layers, thus do not hinder descent of impurities. 5. The inverter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distance from the edge of the transfer tray to the wall of the inverter to which it is attached is 0.3-0.5 of the width of the inverter.

Images